The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II ( tr, Sultan II Bayezid Külliyesi) is a ''

külliye A külliye ( ota, كلية) is a complex of buildings associated with Turkish architecture centered on a mosque and managed within a single institution, often based on a waqf (charitable foundation) and composed of a madrasa, a Dar al-Shifa ("cl ...

'' located in

Edirne Edirne (, ), formerly known as Adrianople or Hadrianopolis (Greek: Άδριανούπολις), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace. Situated from the Greek and from the Bulgarian borders, ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. It was built in 1488 by the Ottoman architect

Mimar Hayruddin Mimar Hayruddin (''Hayruddin the architect'') was an Ottoman chief architect (Turkish: ''mimar'') and civil engineer under the rule of Sultan Bayezid II (reigned 1481-1512/886-918 AH) and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (reigned 1520-1566/? AH). ...

for the Sultan

Bayezid II Bayezid II ( ota, بايزيد ثانى, Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī, 3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512, Turkish: ''II. Bayezid'') was the eldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512. During his reign, ...

(reigned 1481–1512). The complex contains a

Dar al-Shifa A bimaristan (; ), also known as ''dar al-shifa'' (also ''darüşşifa'' in Turkish language, Turkish) or simply maristan, is a hospital in the History of Islam, historic Muslim world, Islamic world. Etymology ''Bimaristan'' is a Persian langu ...

(Turkish ''darüşşifa'', "hospital, medical center"), and it remained in operation for four centuries from 1488 until the

Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...

. The hospital was especially notable for its treatment methods for

mental disorder A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitti ...

s, which included the use of music, water sound and scents. The historic darüşşifa was incorporated into the structure of Edirne-based

Trakya University Trakya University ( tr, Trakya Üniversitesi), was established on July 20, 1982. The university is located in Edirne, at Turkey's European side (Eastern Thrace). Trakya University is a regional university with institutions and schools spread o ...

in 1993, and converted into the

Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Health Museum The Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Health Museum ( tr, Sultan II. Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık Müzesi) is a hospital museum of Trakya University within the Complex of Sultan Bayezid II located in Edirne, Turkey. The historic darüşşifa of the com ...

in 1997, a museum dedicated to the

history of medicine The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies. More than just histo ...

and health matters in general. The complex was inscribed in the

Tentative list of World Heritage Sites in Turkey Below is the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey. (For the criteria see the selection criteria.) Tentative List Geographical distribution See also *List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey The United Nations Educati ...

in 2016.

Medical school

The health institution was a

medical school A medical school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians. Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, M ...

( ota, Medrese-i Etibba). It ranked among the best 60 schools (

madrasa Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , pl. , ) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary instruction or higher learning. The word is variously transliterated '' ...

) in the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

due to its high-paid scholar. The medical school consisted of 18 student rooms and a classroom surrounding three sides of a courtyard with a

shadirvan A shadirvan ( fa, شادروان, tr, şadırvan, ar, شاذروان) is a type of fountain that is usually built in the courtyard or near the entrance of mosques, caravanserais, khanqahs, and madrasas, with the main purpose of providing wa ...

(fountain) in the middle. Famous Ottoman travel writer

Evliya Çelebi Derviş Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi ( ota, اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording ...

(1611–after 1682) mentions in his book that the students of the medical school were mature physicians, who studied and discussed works of

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

philosophers, scientists and physicians such as

Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...

(428/427 or 424/423–348/347 BC),

Socrates Socrates (; ; –399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no te ...

(470/469–399 BC),

Philip of Opus Philip (or Philippus) of Opus ( el, Φίλιππος Ὀπούντιος), was a philosopher and a member of the Academy during Plato's lifetime. Philip was the editor of Plato's ''Laws''. Philip of Opus is probably identical with the Philip of Medm ...

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...

(384–322 BC),

Galen Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus ( el, Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – c. AD 216), often Anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Considered to be one of ...

(AD 129– c. 200/c. 216) and

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos ( grc, Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Pythagóras ho Sámios, Pythagoras the Samos, Samian, or simply ; in Ionian Greek; ) was an ancient Ionians, Ionian Ancient Greek philosophy, Greek philosopher and the eponymou ...

(c. 570 – c. 495 BC). The physicians, each being a specialist in a different field, tried to find out the best treatment by studying valuable scientific literature on medicine. The books of the medical school are archived in the hand-written books library of Selimiye Mosque today. According to Evliya Çelebi, following daily wages were paid to the staff and students: * Scholar (1): 60

akçe The ''akçe'' or ''akça'' (also spelled ''akche'', ''akcheh''; ota, آقچه; ) refers to a silver coin which was the chief monetary unit of the Ottoman Empire. The word itself evolved from the word "silver or silver money", this word is deri ...

(silver coin) including holidays, * Assistant (1): 7 akçe * Library clerk (1): 2 akçe * Servants (2): 2 akçe * Students (18): 2 akçe. in addition to meeting of all their needs.

Gallery

File:Beyazit II Mosque 1123.jpg, Interior of mosque from balcony File:Beyazit II Mosque 3048.jpg, Courtyard of the mosque File:Medical museum 6217.jpg, A courtyard in the museum area

References

External links

Pictures of the mosque complex
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bayezid II Kulliye Buildings and structures completed in 1488 Buildings and structures in Edirne Defunct hospitals Ottoman architecture in Edirne 1877 disestablishments Ottoman hospitals Medical and health organizations based in Turkey Mimar Hayruddin buildings Bimaristans Hospitals established in the 15th century