The following tables compare notable reference management software. The comparison includes older applications that may no longer be supported, as well as actively-maintained software.

General

In the "notes" section, there is a difference between: * ''web-based'', referring to applications that may be installed on a web server (usually requiring

MySQL MySQL () is an Open-source software, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). Its name is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter My, and "SQL", the acronym for Structured Query Language. A rel ...

or another database and PHP,

Perl Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was developed ...

, Python, or some other language for web applications), and; * a ''centrally hosted website''. , , , Data can be saved locally on the computer, or, for team access, in the Citavi Cloud or an intranet

Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced "sequel"). As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of ...

; search databases from interface , - !

EndNote EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliography, bibliographies and Citation, references when writing essays, reports and articles. EndNote was written by Richard Niles, and ownership changed hands se ...

Clarivate Analytics Clarivate Plc is a British-American publicly traded analytics company that operates a collection of subscription-based services, in the areas of bibliometrics and scientometrics; business and market intelligence, and competitive profiling ...

, 1988 , 2025-04-22 , 2025 , {{nonfree,

US$ The United States dollar (Currency symbol, symbol: Dollar sign, $; ISO 4217, currency code: USD) is the official currency of the United States and International use of the U.S. dollar, several other countries. The Coinage Act of 1792 introdu ...

299.95{{efn, name="MSRP" , {{no , {{proprietary , The web versio
EndNote basic
(formerly, EndNote Web) is free of charge , - ! JabRef , JabRef developers , 2003-11-29 , 2023-10-21 , 5.11 , {{free , {{yes ,

MIT license The MIT License is a permissive software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the late 1980s. As a permissive license, it puts very few restrictions on reuse and therefore has high license compatibility. Unl ...

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

BibTeX and BibLaTeX manager , - ! KBibTeX , KBibTeX developers , 2005-08 , 2020-04-26 , 0.9.2 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , BibTeX front-end, using the KDE Software Compilation , - !

Mendeley Mendeley is a reference management, reference manager software founded in 2007 by Doctor of Philosophy, PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, Jan Reichelt and acquired by the Dutch academic publishing company Elsevier in 2013. It is used to ...

Elsevier Elsevier ( ) is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content. Its products include journals such as ''The Lancet'', ''Cell (journal), Cell'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, ...

, 2008-08 , 2020 , 1.19.8 , {{free, Free / Online storage free up to 2 GB / Additional storage space available , {{no , {{proprietary , proprietary (OS API clients exist) , Account required, Desktop & Web components, Windows, Linux, macOS (not macOS 11 Big Sur) , - ! Paperpile , Stefan Washietl, Gregorgy Jordan, Andreas Gruber , 2013 , Continually updated online , , {{nonfree,

2.99/month for academics, 9.99/month otherwise , {{no , {{proprietary , Web-app, integrates with Google Docs, collaboration & sharing features, currently only on Google Chrome , - ! Papers , ReadCube , 2011-10 , 2023-04-04 , v.4.35.2224 , {{nonfree,

3/month for students, 5/month academics , {{no , {{proprietary , Web-app, Desktop (MacOS, Windows), Mobile (iOS and Android). Microsoft Word and Google Docs add-in. Browser extension (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari) , - ! refbase , refbase developers , 2003-06-03 , 2014-02-28 , 0.9.6 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , Web-based for institutional repositories/ self-archiving , - ! RefDB , refdb developers , 2001-04-25 , 2022-02-13 , 1.0.3 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , Network-transparent;

XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing data. It defines a set of rules for encoding electronic document, documents in a format that is both human-readable and Machine-r ...

SGML The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; International Organization for Standardization, ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents. ISO 8879 Annex A.1 states that generalized markup is "based on t ...

bibliographies , - ! RefWorks , Ex Libris / ProQuest / Clarivate , 2001 , 2024-07-09 , 4.6 , {{nonfree, Institutional subscription , {{no , {{proprietary , Web-based, browser-accessed, Word & Google Docs , - ! Zotero , Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at GMU , 2006 , 2024-08-26 , 7.0.3 , {{free, Free / Online storage free up to 300 MB / Additional storage space available , {{yes , {{free , AGPL , Multi-platform desktop version with connectors for

Firefox Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. It uses the Gecko rendering engine to display web pages, which implements curr ...

, Chrome and

Safari A safari (; originally ) is an overland journey to observe wildlife, wild animals, especially in East Africa. The so-called big five game, "Big Five" game animals of Africa – lion, African leopard, leopard, rhinoceros, African elephant, elep ...

. Web-based access to reference library also available through Zotero.org or through a personal cloud-based database folder on a user's computer (Google Drive, Dropbox, etc.).

Operating system support

In the case of

web application A web application (or web app) is application software that is created with web technologies and runs via a web browser. Web applications emerged during the late 1990s and allowed for the server to dynamically build a response to the request, ...

s, this describes the server OS. For centrally hosted websites that are proprietary, this is not applicable. Any client OS can connect to a

web service A web service (WS) is either: * a service offered by an electronic device to another electronic device, communicating with each other via the Internet, or * a server running on a computer device, listening for requests at a particular port over a n ...

unless stated otherwise in a footnote. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software !

Windows Windows is a Product lining, product line of Proprietary software, proprietary graphical user interface, graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft. It is grouped into families and subfamilies that cater to particular sec ...

macOS macOS, previously OS X and originally Mac OS X, is a Unix, Unix-based operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc., Apple since 2001. It is the current operating system for Apple's Mac (computer), Mac computers. With ...

Linux Linux ( ) is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an kernel (operating system), operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically package manager, pac ...

! ChromeOS ! BSD !

Unix Unix (, ; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, a ...

! iOS App ! Android App ! Windows App , - ! Bebop , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! BibBase , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , - ! BibDesk , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! BibSonomy , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{n/a , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , - ! Bookends , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{dunno , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{dunno , {{dunno , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! KBibTeX , {{table-experimental , {{table-experimental , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no
(phased out as of {{nowrap, March 15, 2021){{cite web, url=https://blog.mendeley.com/2021/03/11/mendeley-refocusing-announcement-mobile-app-retirement/, title=Mendeley Refocusing Announcement, date=11 March 2021 , {{no
(phased out as of {{nowrap, March 15, 2021) , {{no , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no
(requires Chromium) , {{no
(requires Chromium) , {{yes{{cite web, url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/paperpile/id1187562736, website=apps.apple.com, title=Paperpile on the App Store, date=9 June 2023 , {{yes{{cite web, url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.paperpile, website=play.google.com, title=Paperpile on Android , {{no , - ! Papers , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , {{No, No, align=, style=, color= , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , - ! Pybliographer , {{partial{{efn, name="gnome-python", The GUI requires gnome-python, which isn't available for Windows or {{nowrap, macOS. , {{partial{{efn, name="gnome-python" , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! refbase , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{dunno , {{no , {{dunno , {{no , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{depends, Intel only , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{depends, Third party , {{no

Export file formats

This table lists the machine-readable file formats that can be exported from reference managers. These are typically used to share data with other reference managers or with other people who use a reference manager. To exchange data from one program to another, the first program must be able to export to a format that the second program may import. Import file formats are in a table below this one. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software ! BibTeX !

Endnote EndNote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliography, bibliographies and Citation, references when writing essays, reports and articles. EndNote was written by Richard Niles, and ownership changed hands se ...

/ Refer/ BibIX !

Medline MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medic ...

! MODS XML ! RIS ! Other , - ! Bebop , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes, unAPI , - ! BibBase , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Endnote XML, user customizable , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, Various , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, Various user-customizable , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, NVivo and various others , - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, Various{{cite web, url=https://endnote.com/downloads/styles/ , title=Output Styles , publisher=EndNote , access-date=2023-04-04 , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, BibTeXML,

DocBook DocBook is a Semantics (computer science), semantic markup language for technical documentation. It was originally intended for writing technical documents related to computer hardware and software, but it can be used for any other sort of docume ...

HTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets ( ...

OpenDocument The Open Document Format for Office Applications (ODF), also known as OpenDocument, standardized as ISO 26300, is an open file format for word processor, word processing documents, spreadsheets, Presentation program, presentations and ...

for OO.o, RTF, SQL database, user-customizable , - ! KBibTeX , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{depends{{efn, name="bibutils", Supported through the bibutils plugin. , {{yes , {{yes, PDF, PostScript, HTML, XML, RTF , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes,

XML , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, CSV,JSON , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no, None , - ! Pybliographer , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes,

Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso (; 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid ( ), was a Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a younger contemporary of Virgil and Horace, with whom he i ...

, - ! refbase , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes,

COinS A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by ...

for OO.o, SRW XML via SRU, unAPI, Word XML , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, SRW XML via SRU web service,

, TEI , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, RIS, BibTeX, Tab delimited or XML metadata , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, As of version 4.0 , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes,

, CSV, Several RDF format standards, TEI, Wikipedia citation templates, Endnote XML, CSL JSON, Refer/BiblX, RefWorks tagged

Import file formats

This table lists the

file format A file format is a Computer standard, standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file. It specifies how bits are used to encode information in a digital storage medium. File formats may be either proprietary format, pr ...

s which may be manually imported into the reference managers without needing to connect to one particular database. Many of these database companies use the same name for their file format as they do for their database (including Copac, CSA, ISI,

, Ovid,

PubMed PubMed is an openly accessible, free database which includes primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institute ...

, and SciFinder). For the ability to retrieve citations from the particular databases (rather than the file format), please refer to the database connectivity table that is below this table. {{as of, 2021, 01, CSL YAML is not supported by any reference management system. {{cite web , last1 = Fenner , first1 = Martin , title = Citeproc YAML for bibliographies , date = 30 July 2013 , work = Gobbledygook , url = https://blog.martinfenner.org/2013/07/30/citeproc-yaml-for-bibliographies/ , access-date = 2021-01-15

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software ! BibTeX ! Copac ! CSA !

/ Refer/ BibIX ! ISI !

! MODS XML !

! RIS ! SciFinder ! Other , - ! Bebop , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! BibBase , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, MARC, JSTOR, Reference Miner , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes,

bookmarks , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various user-customizable , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , - ! EndNote , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, BibTexML, Biomail,

Inspec Inspec is a major indexing database of scientific and technical literature, published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), and formerly by the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), one of the IET's forerunners. Inspec cov ...

JSTOR JSTOR ( ; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary source ...

, MSBib, PDF widh XMP annotations, REPEC (NEP), SilverPlatter, SixPack , - ! KBibTeX , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{depends{{efn, name="bibutils" , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no, None , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Browser bookmarks , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, PDF, MARC , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{Yes, PDF, align=, style=, color= , - ! Pybliographer , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! refbase , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, RefWorks , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{yes{{efn, name="bibutils" , {{no , {{yes{{efn, name="bibutils" , {{yes{{efn, name="bibutils" , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes{{efn, name="bibutils" , {{yes, MARC, risx , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{no{{efn, name="zotero-no-import", Zotero can import references directly from the database after which this format is named, although it cannot read the format itself. , {{no{{efn, name="zotero-no-import" , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes,

, MARC, RDF, unAPI, Browser bookmarks, Endnote XML, others{{cite web, url=http://www.zotero.org/support/dev/data_formats , title=Zotero supported data formats , website=www.zotero.org , publisher=Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media , access-date=2014-02-08

Citation styles

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software ! APA !

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

/ Turabian !

Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...

! MLA ! Other ! Extension method , - ! Bebop , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! BibBase , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various{{cite web , title=BibDesk Export Templates , url=https://sourceforge.net/p/bibdesk/wiki/Templates/ , website=sourceforge.net Or: {{cite web , title=Using BibDesk Citations in Editors and Word Processors , url=https://sourceforge.net/p/bibdesk/wiki/Format_Citations_for_Editors/ , website=sourceforge.net , access-date=2023-04-04 , {{yes, BibTeX style files (use {{slink, Pandoc#CiteProc for CSL{{cite web , url=https://pandoc.org/releases.html#pandoc-2.11-2020-10-11 , title=pandoc 2.11 (2020-10-11) , website=pandoc.org , access-date=2023-04-04 , quote=Added bibtex, biblatex as input formats. This allows pandoc to convert between BibLaTeX and BibTeX and other bibliography formats, and to generate formatted versions of BibTeX/BibLaTeX bibliographies (e.g., pandoc -f biblatex --citeproc pl.bib -o pl.pdf).) or BibDesk export templates , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various{{Citation needed, date=November 2008 , {{dunno , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various{{cite web , url=https://www.citavi.com/en , title=Citavi , website=www.citavi.com , access-date=2023-04-04 , quote=Citavi offers over 10,000 citation styles. Other styles can b
requested
and ar
centrally corrected
and any BibTeX style can be used with LaTeX. , {{yes, Citavi format (through GUI), includes conditions and programmable components; BibTeX or BibLaTeX when used with LaTeX (use {{slink, Pandoc#CiteProc for CSL) , - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, EndNote format (through GUI) , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, BibTeX style files or BibLaTeX (use {{slink, Pandoc#CiteProc for CSL) , - ! KBibTeX , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, BibTeX style files (use {{slink, Pandoc#CiteProc for CSL) , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, CSL , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, CSL , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, CSL; BibTeX or BibLaTeX when used with LaTeX , - ! Pybliographer , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , {{partial, Pybliographer

, - ! refbase , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various polar & marine journals , {{partial, PHP , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, 21 biomedical & law journals , {{yes, XML (citestylex.dtd), interactive script , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, RefWorks format (through GUI); CSL , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various , {{yes, CSL;Over 10,000 CSL style files are available at: {{cite web , url=https://www.zotero.org/styles , title=Zotero Style Repository , website=www.zotero.org Or: {{cite web , url=https://github.com/citation-style-language/styles , title=citation-style-language/styles: Official repository for Citation Style Language (CSL) citation styles , website=

GitHub GitHub () is a Proprietary software, proprietary developer platform that allows developers to create, store, manage, and share their code. It uses Git to provide distributed version control and GitHub itself provides access control, bug trackin ...

, access-date=2023-04-04 CSL styles can b
edited
o
requested
BibTeX or BibLaTeX when used with LaTeX

Reference list file formats

EndNote is incompatible with LaTeX. Among other things, it does not provide for robust citation keys. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software !

LaTeX Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latices are found in nature, but synthetic latices are common as well. In nature, latex is found as a wikt:milky, milky fluid, which is present in 10% of all floweri ...

{{efn, This refers to the direct output of raw LaTeX (often in a format similar to the BibTeX-generated .bbl files). Many programs can export BibTeX (see above table), which can then be processed into LaTeX. ! RTF !

Plain text In computing, plain text is a loose term for data (e.g. file contents) that represent only characters of readable material but not its graphical representation nor other objects ( floating-point numbers, images, etc.). It may also include a lim ...

! RSS ! Other , - ! Bebop , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, unAPI , - ! BibBase , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes,

Atom Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements. An atom consists of a atomic nucleus, nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished fr ...

, DOC, PDF,

, , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, OpenOffice-CSV , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Clipboard , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes{{efn, Database can be exported as a whole in BibTeX format. Text (i.e. thoughts, comments, and quotations) can be fed into a number of TeX editors in LaTeX code or UTF-8. , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Clipboard, DOC, ODT, PDF,

, - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Clipboard,

, - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Clipboard , - ! KBibTeX , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes, PDF, PS , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{yes{{efn, Database can be exported as a whole in BibTeX format.Insert citations via citation key generated by Mendeley. , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Clipboard, embeddable HTML widget, RSS , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Clipboard , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes, PDF , - ! Pybliographer , {{yes , {{dunno , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , - ! refbase , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Markdown, PDF, unAPI , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes,

, TEI , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, DOC, ODT , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{depends, Possible via plugin{{cite web, title=Better BibTeX, url=https://github.com/retorquere/zotero-better-bibtex, website=

, access-date=September 18, 2017 , {{yes , {{depends, Possible via plugins{{cite web, title=Plugins for Zotero, url=https://www.zotero.org/support/plugins, website=www.zotero.org, publisher=Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, access-date=June 16, 2015 , {{yes , {{yes, Clipboard

Word processor integration

Some reference management software include support for automatic embedding and (re)formatting of references in Word processor programs. This table lists this type of support for

Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is a word processor program, word processing program developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, 1983, under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platf ...

, Pages, Apache OpenOffice /

LibreOffice Writer LibreOffice Writer is the free and open-source Word processor program, word processor and desktop publishing component of the LibreOffice suite and is a Fork (software development), fork of OpenOffice.org#Components, OpenOffice.org Writer. Writer ...

, the

editors Kile and LyX, and Google Docs. Other programs are able to scan RTF or other textual formats for inserted placeholders which are subsequently formatted. Most reference management programs support copy/paste or drag-and-drop of references into any editor, but this is not meant here. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software ! Word for Windows ! Word for Mac ! Word Online ! Pages ! Apache OpenOffice / LibreOffice ! Kile/LyX ! Google Docs ! RTF scan{{efn, name="Reformat RTF", Can reformat references in a properly saved RTF document, allowing limited use in OpenOffice.org Writer, StarOffice, FrameMaker,

Microsoft Works Microsoft Works is a discontinued office suite, productivity software suite developed by Microsoft and sold from 1987 to 2009. Its core functionality includes a word processor, a spreadsheet and a database management system. Later versions have a ...

, WordPad, WordPerfect, Google Docs and others. ! Other , - ! Bebop , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! BibBase , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! BibDesk , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{ye
User-created scripts
} , - ! BibSonomy , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes, Mellel, Nisus , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{Depends, Only versions prior to 6.0 , {{yes , {{no , {{Depends, Only versions prior to 6.0 , {{yes , LaTeX editors Texmaker, TeXnicCenter, TeXstudio, TeXworks, WinEdt, WinShell , - ! EndNote , {{Yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{dunno , {{yes,

Emacs Emacs (), originally named EMACS (an acronym for "Editor Macros"), is a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility. The manual for the most widely used variant, GNU Emacs, describes it as "the extensible, customizable, s ...

, Texmaker, TeXstudio, Vim, WinEdt , - ! KBibTeX , {{no , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{dunno , {{no, None , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{partial{{efn, Requires the Mendeley Reference Manager desktop app for Mac open to choose references. , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{dunno , {{yes, NeoOffice , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , {{no , {{ye
Manuscripts app
Scrivener, Ulysses , - ! Pybliographer , {{no , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{dunno , {{no, None , - ! refbase , {{no , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{ye
PIRA

MediaWiki MediaWiki is free and open-source wiki software originally developed by Magnus Manske for use on Wikipedia on January 25, 2002, and further improved by Lee Daniel Crocker,mailarchive:wikipedia-l/2001-August/000382.html, Magnus Manske's announc ...

, SPIP , - ! RefDB , {{no , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no, None , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no, None , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{yes , {{No , {{No , {{yes , {{depends, (with LyZ)Th
LyZ
extension integrates Zotero with Lyx/Kile , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various

Database connectivity

This table lists the academic databases and search engines which reference managers can import from. In some cases, a search and retrieval can be conducted directly in the reference manager. In others, a bookmarklet or Firefox extension will allow a site to be scraped. {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software !

ArXiv arXiv (pronounced as "archive"—the X represents the Chi (letter), Greek letter chi ⟨χ⟩) is an open-access repository of electronic preprints and postprints (known as e-prints) approved for posting after moderation, but not Scholarly pee ...

! CiteSeer !

IEEE Xplore IEEE Xplore (stylized as IEEE ''Xplore'') digital library is a research database for discovery and access to journal articles, conference proceedings, technical standards, and related materials on computer science, electrical engineering and elec ...

! Unpaywall{{efn, Includes all the other databases and

open access repositories An open repository or open-access repository is a digital platform that holds research output and provides free, immediate and permanent access to research results for anyone to use, download and distribute. To facilitate open access such reposito ...

. ! Other , - ! Bebop , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , - ! BibBase , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes,

DBLP DBLP is a computer science bibliography website. Starting in 1993 at Universität Trier in Germany, it grew from a small collection of HTML files and became an organization hosting a database and logic programming bibliography site. Since Novem ...

, Zotero, BibSonomy,

, - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, ACM portal,

Jstor JSTOR ( ; short for ''Journal Storage'') is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources founded in 1994. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now encompasses books and other primary source ...

Google Scholar Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of Academic publishing, scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in Beta release, beta in November 2004, th ...

, Web of Science, any Z39.50 or

Entrez The Entrez () Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a federated search engine, or web portal that allows users to search many discrete health sciences databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website. The NCB ...

, and others , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Various , - ! Bookends , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Web of Science, Amazon, Google Scholar, Z39.50 , - ! Citavi , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes,

WorldCat WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the O ...

OCLC OCLC, Inc. See also: is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and the library community at large". It was founded in 1967 as the ...

, EBSCO,

ProQuest ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene Power. ProQuest is known for its applications and information services for l ...

Web of Science The Web of Science (WoS; previously known as Web of Knowledge) is a paid-access platform that provides (typically via the internet) access to multiple databases that provide reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedi ...

, Z39.50 (4500+ online resources), SRU. Further catalogs are added upo
request
Browser plugins (Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer) support DOI lookup, ISBN lookup, PubMed ID lookup, PMCID lookup, arXiv ID lookup,

and import from Wikipedia. , - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Various, any Z39.50 , - ! JabRef , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, ACM Portal, CrossRef,

, DOAJ, DOI, GVK,

INSPIRE-HEP INSPIRE-HEP is an open access digital library for the field of high energy physics (HEP). It is the successor of the Stanford Physics Information Retrieval System (SPIRES) database, the main literature database for high energy physics since the 1 ...

, MathSciNet, SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System,

Springer Springer or springers may refer to: Publishers * Springer Science+Business Media, aka Springer International Publishing, a worldwide publishing group founded in 1842 in Germany formerly known as Springer-Verlag. ** Springer Nature, a multinationa ...

, and zbMATH , - ! KBibTeX , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, BibSonomy, CiteBase, CSB,

ScienceDirect ScienceDirect is a searchable web-based bibliographic database, which provides access to full texts of scientific and medical publications of the Dutch publisher Elsevier as well of several small academic publishers. It hosts over 18 million ...

, Z MATH, Z39.50 , - ! Mendeley , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Various , - ! Paperpile , {{yes , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes,

, ACM portal,

, Web of Science , - ! Papers , {{Yes, Yes, align=, style=, color= , {{no , {{yes , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Microsoft Academic, Google Scholar , - ! Pybliographer , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{no, None , - ! refbase , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, DOI lookup , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Any Z39.50 , - ! RefWorks , {{no , {{no , {{no , {{yes , {{no , {{yes, Various , - ! Zotero , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes , {{yes, Various

Password "protection" and network versions

Some reference managers provide network functionality (N/A, not available, means the product has no networking, while "No" indicates it does but lacks an implemented feature). The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an open, vendor-neutral, industry standard application protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed

directory service In computing, a directory service or name service maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering and organizing everyday items and network ...

s over an

Internet Protocol The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet. IP ...

(IP) network.{{ref RFC, 4511 {, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em" rowspan="2", Software ! rowspan="2" , Passworded ! rowspan="2" , LDAP ! colspan="2" , Networking , - ! User-specific permissions{{efn, Most databases allow one to create different user accounts to store records. Some further allow you to specify permissions (granting and denying some users the rights to edit or read some or all of your records). This column describes the latter. ! Simultaneous write access , - ! Bebop , {{no , {{dunno , {{n/a , {{n/a , - ! BibBase , {{n/a , {{dunno , {{n/a , {{n/a , - ! BibDesk , {{yes , {{dunno , {{no , {{no , - ! BibSonomy , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! Bookends , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , - ! Citavi , {{yes{{efn, Storage in Citavi cloud or, with special license, in

in intranet. , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! EndNote , {{yes , {{dunno , {{no{{efn, name="via EndNote basic cloud based", via EndNote basic (cloud based) , {{no{{efn, name="via EndNote basic cloud based" , - ! JabRef , {{no , {{dunno , {{no , {{partial , - ! KBibTeX , {{no , {{dunno , {{n/a , {{n/a , - ! Mendeley , {{yes{{efn, via Mendeley Web. , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! Paperpile , {{yes{{efn, Uses Google Account. , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! Papers , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! Pybliographer , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{dunno , - ! refbase , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! RefDB , {{yes , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes , - ! RefWorks , {{yes , {{dunno , {{dunno , {{yes , - ! Zotero , {{yes{{efn, via zotero.org. , {{dunno , {{yes , {{yes

Discontinued software

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: smaller; text-align: center; width: auto;" , - ! style="width: 12em", Software ! Developer ! First public release ! Latest stable release date ! Latest stable version ! Cost (USD) !

Free software Free software, libre software, libreware sometimes known as freedom-respecting software is computer software distributed open-source license, under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, distribut ...

! License ! Notes , - !

Bebop Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States. The style features compositions characterized by a fast tempo (usually exceeding 200 bpm), complex chord progressions with rapid chord changes and numerou ...

, ALaRI Institute , 2007-11-08 , 2009-11-10 , 1.1 , {{free , {{yes , {{BSD-lic , Web-based BibTeX front-end (Apache, PHP, MySQL) , - ! Biblioscape , CG Information , 1997 , 2015-06-22 , 10.0.3.6 , {{nonfree,

79-299{{efn, name="MSRP", MSRP for full version, usually with physical media. Discounted downloads and academic discounts might be available. More expensive workgroup/server/librarian versions may be available. , {{no , {{proprietary ,

ODBC In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. An ...

; web access in Pro ed; optional client/server; discontinued? , - ! CiteULike , Oversity Limited , 2004-11 , Shut down on {{nowrap, 2019-03-30{{cite web , title=CiteULike is closing down , url=http://www.citeulike.org/news , website=CiteULike , access-date=14 March 2019 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190310145602/http://www.citeulike.org/news , archive-date=10 March 2019 , url-status=dead , , {{free , {{no , {{proprietary , Proprietary{{efn, A developer kit is available. The community is invited to create plugins to access data off databases. , Centrally hosted website , - ! colwiz , colwiz Ltd , 2011 , 2016-05-09 , , {{free, Free / Online storage free up to 3 GB / Additional storage space available , {{no , {{proprietary , Now combined with wizdom.ai , - ! Pybliographer , pybliographer developers , 1998-10-30 (0.2) , 2018-04-03 , 1.4.0 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , Python/ GTK2 , - ! Qiqqa , Qiqqa , 2010-04 , 2020-10-04 , v80 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , From end 2020, Open Source , - !

Reference Manager Reference Manager was the first commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters. It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally developed by Ernest Beutler and his son, Earl B. Beutler, Earl Beutler, in 198 ...

Thomson Reuters Thomson Reuters Corporation ( ) is a Canadian multinational corporation, multinational content-driven technology Conglomerate (company), conglomerate. The company was founded in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and maintains its headquarters at 1 ...

, 1984 , 2010 , 12.0.3 , {{nonfree, Not for sale anymore, sales ceased December 31, 2015 , {{no , {{proprietary , Network version; built-in web publishing tool; discontinued , - ! Referencer , Referencer developers , 2008-03-15 , Discontinued , 1.2.2 , {{free , {{yes , {{GPL-lic , BibTeX front-end , - ! RefME , RefME , 2014 , Shut down in 2017 , , {{free , {{no , {{proprietary , Web, iOS and Android; Chrome and Safari Extensions available; discontinued , - ! SciRef , Scientific Programs , 2012 , 2020-07-30 , 1.6.2 , {{depends,

38.90 / Free trial version , {{no , {{proprietary , - ! WizFolio , WizPatent , 2008-06 , Shut down in 2017 , Avatara , {{depends, US$25 / Free Basic version , {{no , {{proprietary , Centrally hosted website; discontinued

Notes

{{notelist

References

{{Reflist, 30em