General information
Symbols
Only the symbols in the latest IPA chart are included. The numbers in the leftmost column, according to which the symbols are sorted, are the IPA Numbers. Some of the IPA symbols to which a system lacks a corresponding symbol may still be represented in that system by use of a modifier (diacritic), but such combinations are not included unless the documentation explicitly assigns one for the value. ,s\
, zi)
, zV>
, zz
, \zc
, z>
, ZJ
,
, z}
, z\
, v<
, v
">
,
,
,
">-
, 209
,
, l~)
, l-
,
, \l~
, l~~
, l-
, L
,
, 5
,
">-
, 301
,
, i
, i
, i
, i
, i
, i
, i
, i
, i
,
">-
, 302
,
, e
, e
, e
, e
, e
, e
, e
, e
, e
, Close-mid front unrounded vowel
, -
, 303
,
, E
, E
, E
, \ef
, e<
, E
, E
, E
, E
, Open-mid front unrounded vowel
, -
, 304
,
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, a
, Open front unrounded vowel
, -
, 305
,
, a"
, A
, aa
, \as
, a=
, a_
, A
, A
, A
, Open back unrounded vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is A. The l ...
, -
, 306
,
, c&
, O
, O
, \ct
, o<
, O
, O
, >
, O
, Open-mid back rounded vowel
The open-mid back rounded vowel, or low-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is a turned letter ''c'' a ...
, -
, 307
,
, o
, o
, o
, o
, o
, o
, o
, o
, o
, Close-mid back rounded vowel
The close-mid back rounded vowel, or high-mid back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is .
Close-mid back protruded vowel
The close ...
, -
, 308
,
, u
, u
, u
, u
, u
, u
, u
, u
, u
, Close back rounded vowel
The close back rounded vowel, or high back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is u.
In ...
, -
, 309
,
, y
, y
or i!
, y
, y
, y
, y
, y
, y
, y
, Close front rounded vowel
The close front rounded vowel, or high front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is /y/, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is y. Acr ...
, -
, 310
,
, o/)
, 0
or e!
, oe
, \o/
, o>
, o/
, Y
, 7
, 2
, Close-mid front rounded vowel
The close-mid front rounded vowel, or high-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is , a lowercase letter o with a diagonal s ...
, -
, 311
,
, oe)
, E!
, oE
, \oe
, E<
, E)
, W
, 8
, 9
, Open-mid front rounded vowel
The open-mid front rounded vowel, or low-mid front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the sound is . The symbol œ is a lowercase ligature o ...
, -
, 312
,
, OE)
, a!
, OE
, \Oe
, E>
,
, &.
, 6
, &
, Open front rounded vowel
The (near) open front rounded vowel, or (near) low front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound that has not been confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken language. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ...
, -
, 313
,
, a"&
, A=
or A!
, ao
, \ab
, o=
, a_)
, A.
, 5
, Q
, Open back rounded vowel
The open back rounded vowel, or low back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . It is called "turned script ''a''", being a rotated ...
, -
, 314
,
, v&
, ^
, V=
or O!
, A
, \vt
, u>
, ^
, V
, ^
, V
, Open-mid back unrounded vowel
The open-mid back unrounded vowel or low-mid back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , graphically a rotated lowercase "v" (c ...
, -
, 315
,
, U"
, o!
, oo
, \rh
, O>
, o(
, o-
, 2
, 7
, Close-mid back unrounded vowel
The close-mid back unrounded vowel, or high-mid back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is , called "ram's horns." This symbol is distinct from the symbol f ...
, -
, 316
,
, m&
, m=
or u!
, uu
, \mt
, u=
, uu
, u-
, 4
, M
, Close back unrounded vowel
The close back unrounded vowel, or high back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system ...
, -
, 317
,
, i-
, i"
, i-
, \i-
, I=
, i_
, i"
, ix
, 1
, Close central unrounded vowel
The close central unrounded vowel, or high central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , namely the lower-case letter ''i'' with a hori ...
, -
, 318
,
, u-
, u"
, u-
, \u-
, U=
, u+
, u"
, ux
, }
, Close central rounded vowel
}
The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. B ...
, -
, 319
,
, I
, I
, I
, \ic
, i=
, I
, I
, I
, I
, Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
The near-close front unrounded vowel, or near-high front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , i.e. a small capital letter ''i ...
, -
, 320
,
, Y
, Y
, Y
, \yc
, Y=
, Y
, U.
, Y
, Y
, Near-close near-front rounded vowel
The near-close front rounded vowel, or near-high front rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol ...
, -
, 321
,
, U
, U
, U
, \hs
, u<
, U
, U
, U
, U
, Near-close near-back rounded vowel
The near-close near-back rounded vowel, or near-high near-back rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some vocal languages. The IPA symbol that represents this sound is . It is informally called "horseshoe u". Prior to 1989, there was ...
, -
, 322
,
, @
, e=
, 6
, \sw
, e=
, "@
, @
, &
, @
, Mid central vowel
The mid central vowel (also known as schwa) is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a ə, rotated lowercase letter e.
While the ''Handbook of th ...
, -
, 323
,
, o-
, o"
,
, \o-
, O=
, @)
, @.
, ox
, 8
, Close-mid central rounded vowel
The close-mid central rounded vowel, or high-mid central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a lowercase barred letter o.
The character ɵ has been used i ...
, -
, 324
,
, a&
,
,
, \at
, a>
, 4
,
, ax
, 6
, Near-open central vowel
, -
, 325
,
, ae)
, @
, ae
, \ae
, a<
, aa
, &
, @
, {
, Near-open front unrounded vowel
, -
, 326
,
, E&
, E"
, 3
, \er
, e>
, 3
, V"
, 3
, 3
, Open-mid central unrounded vowel
The open-mid central unrounded vowel, or low-mid central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphab ...
, -
, 327
,
, xr^
,
, 3r
, \sr
,
, "@.
, R
,
, @`
, R-coloured mid central vowel
, -
, 395
,
, E"
, O"
,
, \kb
, O<
, 3)
, O"
,
, 3\
, Open-mid central rounded vowel
, -
, 397
,
, e&
, e"
, 6
, \e-
, E=
, @
, @<umd>
,
, @\
, Close-mid central unrounded vowel
, -
, 401
,
, `
,
, ?
, \ap
,
, '
, `
, >
, _>
, Ejective
In phonetics, ejective consonants are usually voiceless consonants that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream. In the phonology of a particular language, ejectives may contrast with aspirated, voiced and tenuis consonants. Some ...
, -
, 402A
,
, rowspan="2" , V)
, rowspan="2" , %
, rowspan="2" , ,-v
, \0v
, %
, rowspan="2" ,
, rowspan="2" , <o>
, rowspan="2" , 0
, rowspan="2" , _0
, rowspan="2" , Voiceless
In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies v ...
, -
, 402B
,
, \0^
, @
, -
, 403
,
, v)
,
, ,+v
,
, %%
,
, <vcd>
, v
, _v
, Voiced
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voiceless (otherwise known as ''unvoiced'') or voiced.
The term, however, is used to refer ...
, -
, 404
,
, h^
, HH
, ,h
, \^h
, h^
, h
, <h>
, h
, _h
, Aspirated
, -
, 405
,
, h")
,
, ,hv
, \:v
, %%%
, h
, <?>
, Hv
, _t
, Breathy voice
Breathy voice (also called murmured voice, whispery voice, soughing and susurration) is a phonation in which the vocal folds vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are adjusted to let more air escape which produces a sighing-like ...
d
, -
, 406
,
, ~
,
, ,?v
, \~v
, $$$
, *
,
, ?
, _k
, Creaky voice
In linguistics, creaky voice (sometimes called laryngealisation, pulse phonation, vocal fry, or glottal fry) refers to a low, scratchy sound that occupies the vocal range below the common vocal register. It is a special kind of phonation in which ...
d
, -
, 407
,
, {
,
,
,
, {{{{
,
,
, {
, _N
, Linguolabial
Linguolabials or apicolabials are consonants articulated by placing the tongue tip or blade against the upper lip, which is drawn downward to meet the tongue. They represent one extreme of a coronal articulatory continuum which extends from ling ...
, -
, 408
, {{IPA, ◌̪
,
"> [
, ,d
, \Nv
, {
,
, [
,
"> _d
, Dental
, -
, 409
, {{IPA, ◌̺
,
/code>
,
, ,ap
, \Uv
, {{
,
,
, /code>
, _a
, Apical
Apical means "pertaining to an apex". It may refer to:
*Apical ancestor, refers to the last common ancestor of an entire group, such as a species (biology) or a clan (anthropology)
*Apical (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features loc ...
, -
, 410
, {{IPA, ◌̻
, []
,
, ,lm
, \Dv
, {{{
,
,
, }
, _m
, Laminal consonant, Laminal
, -
, 411
, {{IPA, ◌̹
, u)
, }
, ,+w
, \3v
, ++++
,
, .
, (w)
{{efn, name=worldbet-proposed
, _O
, More rounded
, -
, 412
, {{IPA, ◌̜
, U)
, {
,
, \cv
, ____
,
, -
,
, _c
, Less rounded
, -
, 413
, {{IPA, ◌̟
, +
, +
, ,<
or ,fr
, \+v
, +
,
,
, +
, _+
, Advanced
, -
, 414
, {{IPA, ◌̠
, _
, -
{{efn, name=mo-hyphen, -
represents either retracted or "velarized or pharyngealized" in Millar & Oasa's system.
, ,>
or ,bk
, \-v
, _
,
,
, -
, _-
, Retracted
, -
, 415
, {{IPA, ◌̈
, "^
, "
,
, \:^
, *
,
, "
,
, _"
, Centralized
Centralisation or centralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organisation, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, framing strategy and policies become concentrated within a particu ...
, -
, 416
, {{IPA, ◌̽
, x^
,
,
, \x^
, **
,
,
,
, _x
, Mid-centralized
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point. Typically, the comparison is made with a default, unmarked articulation of the same pho ...
, -
, 417
, {{IPA, ◌̘
, <
,
,
, \T(
, +++
,
,
, ¿
{{efn, name=worldbet-proposed{{efn, name=worldbet-nonascii, ¿
and ¡
are not part of ASCII, but are nonetheless proposed as encoding advanced and retracted tongue root, respectively, in Worldbet.
, _A
, Advanced tongue root
In phonetics, advanced tongue root (ATR) and retracted tongue root (RTR) are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa, but also in Kazakh and Mong ...
, -
, 418
, {{IPA, ◌̙
, >
,
,
, \T)
, ___
,
,
, ¡
{{efn, name=worldbet-proposed{{efn, name=worldbet-nonascii
, _q
, Retracted tongue root
In phonetics, advanced tongue root (ATR) and retracted tongue root (RTR) are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa, but also in Kazakh and Mong ...
, -
, 419
, {{IPA, ◌˞
, r^
,
,
, \hr
,
"> .
, <r>
,
, `
, R-colored vowel, Rhoticity
, -
, 420
, {{IPA, ʷ
, w^
,
, ,V\
, \^w
, w^
, W
, <w>
, w
, _w
, Labialization, Labialized
, -
, 421
, {{IPA, ʲ
, j^
, .
, ,j
, \^j
, j^
, J
, <pzd>
, j
, '
or _j
, Palatalized
, -
, 422
, {{IPA, ˠ
, g^
,
, ,g
, \^G
, g=^
, -
, <vzd>
, 2
, _G
, Velarized
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, velarization is transcribed by one of four d ...
, -
, 423
, {{IPA, ˤ
, &g^
,
, ,H
, \^9
, ?<^
, 9
, <H>
, !
, _?\
, Pharyngealized
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the Human pharynx, pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
IPA symbols
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, pharyngealization can ...
, -
, 424
, {{IPA, ◌̃
, ~^
, ~
, ,+n
, \~^
, ~
, ~
, ~
, ~
, ~
or _~
, Nasalized
In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth. An archetypal nasal sound is .
In the Internationa ...
, -
, 425
, {{IPA, ⁿ
, n^
,
, ,n-
, \^n
, n^
, n
,
, n
, _n
, Nasal release
In phonetics, a nasal release is the release of a stop consonant into a nasal. Such sounds are transcribed in the IPA with superscript nasal letters, for example as in English ''catnip'' . In English words such as ''sudden'' in which historicall ...
, -
, 426
, {{IPA, ˡ
, l^
,
, ,l-
, \^l
, l^
, L
,
, l
, _l
, Lateral release
, -
, 427
, {{IPA, ◌̚
, .)
,
, ,=
, \cn
, ]
,
, <unx>
, c
, _}
, No audible release
A stop with no audible release, also known as an unreleased stop or an applosive, is a stop consonant with no release burst: no audible indication of the end of its occlusion (hold). In the International Phonetic Alphabet, lack of an audible relea ...
, -
, 428
, {{IPA, ◌̴
, ~)
, -
{{efn, name=mo-hyphen
,
,
,
,
,
,
, _e
, Velarized
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, velarization is transcribed by one of four d ...
or pharyngealized
Pharyngealization is a secondary articulation of consonants or vowels by which the Human pharynx, pharynx or epiglottis is constricted during the articulation of the sound.
IPA symbols
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, pharyngealization can ...
, -
, 429
, {{IPA, ◌̝
, =
, .
{{efn, name=mo-period, .
represents either raised or palatalized in Millar & Oasa's system.
, ,/
or ,up
, \T^
, ++
,
,
,
, _r
, Raised
, -
, 430
, {{IPA, ◌̞
, ="
, (
, ,\
or ,dn
, \Tv
, __
,
,
,
, _o
, Lowered
, -
, 431
, {{IPA, ◌̩
, ,)
, \
, ,$
, \|v
, $
,
, -
, =
, =
or _=
, Syllabic
Syllabic may refer to:
*Syllable, a unit of speech sound, considered the building block of words
**Syllabic consonant, a consonant that forms the nucleus of a syllable
*Syllabary, writing system using symbols for syllables
*Abugida, writing system ...
, -
, 432
, {{IPA, ◌̯
, (
, *
{{efn, name=mo-asterisk, *
represents either non-syllabic or extra-short in Millar & Oasa's system.
, ,gl
, \nv
, $$
,
,
, (
, _^
, Non-syllabic
, -
, rowspan="2" , 433
, {{IPA, ◌͡◌
, rowspan="2" , ))
{{efn, ))
representing a tie bar is placed after both segments, as in ts))
, in Branner's system.
,
, rowspan="2" , _
, \li
, #&
,
,
,
, rowspan="2" , _
, rowspan="2" , Affricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. ...
or double articulation
In linguistics, double articulation, duality of patterning, or duality is the fundamental language phenomenon consisting of the use of combinations of a small number of meaningless elements (sounds, that is, phonemes) to produce a large number of m ...
, -
, {{IPA, ◌͜◌
,
,
, @&
,
,
,
, -
, 501
, {{IPA, ˈ
, '
, '
, $S5
, \'1
, }
,
, '
, `
, "
, Primary stress
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence. That emphasis is typically caused by such properties as i ...
, -
, 502
, {{IPA, ˌ
, ,
, `
, $S3
, \'2
,
,
, ,
, '
, %
, Secondary stress
Secondary stress (or obsolete: secondary accent) is the weaker of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word, the stronger degree of stress being called ''primary''. The International Phonetic Alphabet symbol for secondary stress is a ...
, -
, 503
, {{IPA, ː
, :
, |
, ,:
, \:f
, :
, :
, :
, :
, :
, Long
Long may refer to:
Measurement
* Long, characteristic of something of great duration
* Long, characteristic of something of great length
* Longitude (abbreviation: long.), a geographic coordinate
* Longa (music), note value in early music mens ...
, -
, 504
, {{IPA, ˑ
, ;
, :
, ,.
, \.f
, ::
,
,
, ;
, :\
, Half-long
, -
, 505
, {{IPA, ◌̆
, (^
, *
{{efn, name=mo-asterisk
, ,--
, \N^
, ***
, S
,
, (
, _X
, Extra-short
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses a breve to indicate a speech sound (usually a vowel) with extra-short duration. That is, is a very short vowel with the quality of . An example from English is the short schwa of the word ''police'' . Th ...
, -
, 506
, {{IPA, .
, .
,
, $
, .
, .
,
, #
, .
, .
, Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants). Syllables are often considered the phonological "bu ...
break
, -
, 507
, {{IPA, |
, |
,
,
, |
, .<
,
,
,
, |
, Minor (foot
The foot ( : feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made ...
) group
, -
, 508
, {{IPA, ‖
, ||
,
,
, ||
, .=
,
,
,
, ||
, Major ( intonation) group
, -
, 509
, {{IPA, ‿
, =)
,
,
, \_u
, #=
,
,
,
, -\
, Linking (absence of a break)
, -
, 510
, {{IPA, ↗
, /
,
,
,
, #>>
,
,
,
, </>
or <R>
, Global rise
, -
, 511
, {{IPA, ↘
, \
,
,
,
, #<<
,
,
,
, <\>
or <F>
, Global fall
, -
, 512
, {{IPA, ◌̋
, 5
, 5
, $T5-
,
, @4
,
,
, _9
, _T
, Extra-high
, -
, 513
, {{IPA, ◌́
, 4
, 4
, $T4-
, \'^
, @3
,
,
, _7
, _H
, High
High may refer to:
Science and technology
* Height
* High (atmospheric), a high-pressure area
* High (computability), a quality of a Turing degree, in computability theory
* High (tectonics), in geology an area where relative tectonic uplift ...
, -
, 514
, {{IPA, ◌̄
, 3
, 3
, $T3-
, \-^
, @2
,
,
, _5
, _M
, Mid
, -
, 515
, {{IPA, ◌̀
, 2
, 2
, $T2-
, \`^
, @1
,
,
, _3
, _L
, Low
, -
, 516
, {{IPA, ◌̏
, 1
, 1
, $T1-
,
, @0
,
,
, _1
, _B
, Extra-low
, -
, 517
, {{IPA, ꜛ
, /)
,
,
,
, #<
,
,
,
, ^
, Upstep
In linguistics, upstep is a phonemic or phonetic upward shift of tone between the syllables or words of a tonal language. It is best known in the tonal languages of Sub-Saharan Africa. Upstep is a much rarer phenomenon than its counterpart, downst ...
, -
, 518
, {{IPA, ꜜ
, \)
,
,
,
, #>
,
,
,
, !
, Downstep
Downstep is a phenomenon in tone languages in which if two syllables have the same tone (for example, both with a high tone or both with a low tone), the second syllable is lower in pitch than the first.
Two main kinds of downstep can be disting ...
, -
, 519
, {{IPA, ˥
, 5
, 5
, $T5-
,
, #4
,
,
,
, <T>
, Extra-high
, -
, 520
, {{IPA, ˦
, 4
, 4
, $T4-
,
, #3
,
,
,
, <H>
, High
High may refer to:
Science and technology
* Height
* High (atmospheric), a high-pressure area
* High (computability), a quality of a Turing degree, in computability theory
* High (tectonics), in geology an area where relative tectonic uplift ...
, -
, 521
, {{IPA, ˧
, 3
, 3
, $T3-
,
, #2
,
,
,
, <M>
, Mid
, -
, 522
, {{IPA, ˨
, 2
, 2
, $T2-
,
, #1
,
,
,
, <L>
, Low
, -
, 523
, {{IPA, ˩
, 1
, 1
, $T1-
,
, #0
,
,
,
, <B>
, Extra-low
, -
, 524
, {{IPA, ◌̌
, 15
, 15
, $1/
, \v^
, @13
,
,
,
, _L_H
, _R
or _/
, Rising
, -
, 525
, {{IPA, ◌̂
, 51
, 51
, $5\
, \^^
, @31
,
,
,
, _H_L
, _F
or _\
, Falling
Falling or fallin' may refer to:
*Falling (physics), movement due to gravity
*Falling (accident)
*Falling (execution)
*Falling (sensation)
People
* Christine Falling (born 1963), American serial killer who murdered six children
Books
* ''Fall ...
, -
, 526
, {{IPA, ◌᷄
, 35
, 35
, $3/
,
, @23
,
,
,
, _H_T
, High-rising
, -
, 527
, {{IPA, ◌᷅
, 13
, 13
, $3\
,
, @12
,
,
,
, _B_L
, Low-rising
, -
, 528
, {{IPA, ◌᷈
, 342
, 342
, $T3^
,
, @131
,
,
,
, _M_H_L
, _R_F
or _/_\
, Rising–falling
Coverage
{, class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
! scope="col" , Scope
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , Branner
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , Millar & Oasa
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , PHONASCII
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , Praat
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , SIL
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , UPSID
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , Usenet
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , Worldbet
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number" , X-SAMPA
, -
! scope="row" , Consonants (80)
, 79 ({{percentage, 79, 80)
, 69 ({{percentage, 69, 80)
, 67 ({{percentage, 67, 80)
, 79 ({{percentage, 79, 80)
, 80 ({{percentage, 80, 80)
, 75 ({{percentage, 75, 80)
, 73 ({{percentage, 73, 80)
, 73 ({{percentage, 73, 80)
, 79 ({{percentage, 79, 80)
, -
! scope="row" , Vowels (29)
, 29 ({{percentage, 29, 29)
, 27 ({{percentage, 27, 29)
, 26 ({{percentage, 26, 29)
, 29 ({{percentage, 29, 29)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 29)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 29)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 29)
, 26 ({{percentage, 26, 29)
, 29 ({{percentage, 29, 29)
, -
! scope="row" , Diacritics (35)
, 34 ({{percentage, 34, 35)
, 15 ({{percentage, 15, 35)
, 25 ({{percentage, 25, 35)
, 30 ({{percentage, 30, 35)
, 34 ({{percentage, 34, 35)
, 12 ({{percentage, 12, 35)
, 17 ({{percentage, 17, 35)
, 25 ({{percentage, 25, 35)
, 26 ({{percentage, 26, 35)
, -
! scope="row" , Suprasegmentals (28)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 28)
, 20 ({{percentage, 20, 28)
, 21 ({{percentage, 21, 28)
, 14 ({{percentage, 14, 28)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 28)
, 2 ({{percentage, 2, 28)
, 4 ({{percentage, 4, 28)
, 11 ({{percentage, 11, 28)
, 28 ({{percentage, 28, 28)
, - class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" , Total (172)
, 170 ({{percentage, 170, 172)
, 131 ({{percentage, 131, 172)
, 139 ({{percentage, 139, 172)
, 152 ({{percentage, 152, 172)
, 170 ({{percentage, 170, 172)
, 117 ({{percentage, 117, 172)
, 122 ({{percentage, 122, 172)
, 135 ({{percentage, 135, 172)
, 162 ({{percentage, 162, 172)
See also
* ARPABET
ARPABET (also spelled ARPAbet) is a set of phonetic transcription codes developed by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a part of their Speech Understanding Research project in the 1970s. It represents phonemes and allophones of General ...
* SAMPA
__NOTOC__
The Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA) is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It was originally developed in the late 1980s for ...
Notes
{{notelist
References
{{reflist
External links
Representation of IPA with ASCII
{{IPA navigation
International Phonetic Alphabet
ASCII
Computing comparisons