Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) is an initiative by the ISO TC 204/Working Group 16 to define a set of wireless communication protocols and air interfaces for a variety of communication scenarios spanning multiple modes of communications and multiple methods of transmissions in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The CALM architecture is based on an

IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communication protocol, communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic ...

convergence layer that decouples applications from the communication infrastructure. A standardized set of air interface protocols is provided for the best use of resources available for short, medium and long-range, safety critical communications, using one or more of several media, with multipoint (mesh) transfer. Since 2007 CALM stands for Communication Access for Land Mobile, before that year, CALM stood for Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range.

Communication Modes

CALM enables the following communication modes: * Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I): communication initiated by either roadside or vehicle (e.g. petrol forecourt or toll booth) * Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V): peer to peer ad hoc networking amongst fast moving objects following the idea of MANET's/VANET's. * Infrastructure-to-Infrastructure (I2I): point-to-point connection where conventional cabling is undesirable (e.g. using lamp posts or street signs to relay signals) Methods of transmission used by CALM may be based on one or more of the following communication media: *

Infrared Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from around ...

GSM The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation ( 2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as ...

(2G, 3G cellular telephone communication technology) *

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5.8-5.9 GHz (legacy systems) * Various evolutions of the

IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 is part of the IEEE 802 set of local area network (LAN) technical standards, and specifies the set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) protocols for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer commun ...

standard including WAVE (IEEE P1609.3/D23), M5 (ISO 21215) *

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, IEEE 802.16e * MM-wave (63 GHz) * Satellite *

Bluetooth Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limi ...

RFID Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromag ...

The CALM architecture provides an abstraction layer for vehicle applications, managing communication for multiple concurrent sessions spanning all communications modes, and all methods of transmission.

Applications

Applications for CALM are likely to include in-vehicle internet access, dynamic navigation, safety warnings, collision avoidance, and ad hoc networks linking multiple vehicles.

Security

The CALM architecture protects critical in-vehicle communication using a firewall controlled by the vehicle. Parental controls are also being considered as a component of the architecture.

Implementations

The CALM standard is still work in progress. Therefore, large scale implementations of the standard do not yet exist. CVIS http://www.cvisproject.org/ CVIS project is a project funded by the EC in the sixth framework program ( FP6). The aim of the project is to develop and implement a communication infrastructure based on the CALM architecture. CVIS will implement

CALM M5 CALM M5 is the ISO 21215 standard that incorporates WAVE (WAVE PHY/MAC is IEEE 802.11p standard) and adds the following features: * Global (European) 5 GHz spectrum * Regulatory domain (border) management * Directivity and EMC control * Regiona ...

, 2G/3G and IR as communication media. The implementation will be tested at several test locations across Europe with a wide range of ITS applications.

External links

* http://www.safespot-eu.org/ SAFESPOT EU Integrated Project on Cooperative Vehicular Systems for Road Safety * http://hal.inria.fr/inria-00419466/fr/ Architecture Pour Communication Véhicules-Infrastructure

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Communications, Air-Interface, Long And Medium Range Intelligent transportation systems