The Committee of National Liberation for Northern Italy (, CLNAI) was set up in February 1944 by partisans behind

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

lines in the

Italian Social Republic The Italian Social Republic ( it, Repubblica Sociale Italiana, ; RSI), known as the National Republican State of Italy ( it, Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia, SNRI) prior to December 1943 but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò ...

, a German

puppet state A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government, is a State (polity), state that is ''de jure'' independent but ''de facto'' completely dependent upon an outside Power (international relations), power and subject to its o ...

Northern Italy Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...

. It enjoyed the loyalty of most

anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were ...

groups in the region.

History

In Milan, a September 1944 meeting decided a northern National Liberation Committee, within the Italian Social Republic that was established in 1943, was important. National Liberation Committee (CLN) leaders of Rome led by Bonomi recognized in January 1944 the need for coordination of the partisan struggle in the north and then the delegates were Committee of Milan all political and military powers for Upper Italy, despite some disagreement with the Committee of Turin. Directed by independent

Alfredo Pizzoni Alfredo Pizzoni (February 20, 1894 – January 3, 1958) was an Italian banker and politician who was president of the Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale Alta Italia (National Liberation Committee of Northern Italy, CLNAI) during the late stages of ...

("Longhi"), the committee became CLNAI Milan (National Liberation Committee for Northern Italy) and the rest of the Resistance led effectively to the partisan struggle in the heart of the Republic of the military and against the Germans.

Members

The initial members of Milan's CLN, which would later become CLNAI were: *

, as president *

Girolamo Li Causi Girolamo Li Causi (1 January 1896 – 14 April 1977) was an Italian politician and a leader of the Italian Communist Party who was a prominent figure in the struggle for land reform and against Sicilian Mafia, the Mafia in Sicily. He labelled la ...

and

Giuseppe Dozza Giuseppe Dozza (29 November 1901 – 28 December 1974) was an Italian politician, the first Mayor of Bologna after the end of World War II. Biography The resistance One of the founders of the Communist Party of Italy, Dozza was immediately pe ...

, representing the

Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party ( it, Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist political party in Italy. The PCI was founded as ''Communist Party of Italy'' on 21 January 1921 in Livorno by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). ...

Ferruccio Parri Ferruccio Parri (; Pinerolo, 19 January 1890 – Rome, 8 December 1981) was an Italian partisan and anti-fascist politician who served as the 29th Prime Minister of Italy, and the first to be appointed after the end of World War II. During the wa ...

and

Vittorio Albasini Scrosati Vittorio is an Italian male given name which has roots from the Byzantine-Bulgarian name Victor. People with the given name Vittorio include: * Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, pretender to the former Kingdom of Italy * Vittorio Adorni, pr ...

, representing the Action Party * Roberto Verratti and Domenico Viotto, representing the

Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parties of the country. Founded in Genoa in 1892, ...

* Enrico Casò and

Enrico Falck Enrico Falck was an Italian entrepreneur, member of the board of directors of the Falck Industries. He joined the Italian Christian Democracy, and was an Italian Senator from Lombardy. Political career In 1934 Falck was named by king Vittori ...

, representing the

Christian Democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

* Giustino Arpesani and Luigi Casagrande, representing the

Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party ( it, Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was a liberal and conservative political party in Italy. The PLI, which is the heir of the liberal currents of both the Historical Right and the Historical Left, was a minor party ...

The composition changed over time. At the time of the general insurrection of 25 April 1945 the members were: *

Roberto Morandi The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

, a Socialist, as president *

Luigi Longo Luigi Longo (15 March 1900 – 16 October 1980), also known as Gallo, was an Italian communist politician and secretary of the Italian Communist Party from 1964 to 1972. He was also the first foreigner to be awarded an Order of Lenin. Early l ...

and

Emilio Sereni Emilio Sereni (13 August 1907, Rome – 20 March 1977, Rome) was an Italian writer, politician and historian. Biography Born into a Jewish family of anti-fascist intellectuals, Sereni graduated from the Liceo Terenzio Mamiani in Rome. Broth ...

for the Communist Party * Parri and

Leo Valiani Leo Valiani (''Weiczen Leó''; 9 February 1909 – 18 September 1999) was an Italian historian, politician and journalist. Early life Valiani was born in ''Fiume'' (now Rijeka), on the Adriatic Sea (then in Hungarian part of Austria-Hunga ...

for the Action Party *

Sandro Pertini Alessandro "Sandro" Pertini (; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian socialist politician who served as the president of Italy from 1978 to 1985. Early life Born in Stella (Province of Savona) as the son of a wealthy landown ...

for the Socialist Party *

Augusto De Gasperi Augusto is an Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: * Augusto Aníbal * Augusto dos Anjos * Augusto Arbizo * Augusto Barbera (born 1938), Italian law professor, politician and judge * Augusto ...

and

Achille Marazza Achille is a French and Italian masculine given name, derived from the Greek mythological hero Achilles. It may refer to: People Artists * Achille Beltrame (1871–1945), Italian painter * Achille Calici (c. 1565–?), Italian painter * Ach ...

for the Christian Democracy * Arpesani and

Filippo Jacini Filippo is an Italian male given name, which is the equivalent of the English name Philip, from the Greek ''Philippos'', meaning "amante dei cavalli".''Behind the Name''"Given Name Philip" Retrieved on 23 January 2016. The female variant is Fili ...

for the Liberal Party

Functions

The role of CLNAI grew in importance during the war, after the delegation of powers to the north of Rome CLN obtained by January 31, 1944, last on 26 December 1944 as the government of national unity Bonomi gave the powers of direction in northern Italy to CLNAI, thus effectively assumed the role of "third party government" or "shadow government" in the occupied territories. Organized as a "government of the great North," the CLNAI managed to maintain cohesion among the different political positions, and maintained the relationship, sometimes difficult, with the Allies. It dealt with the problem of financing the guerrilla warfare (especially tasks undertaken by Pizzoni and Falck) through a network connection with Switzerland. In addition also concluded cooperation agreements with the

French Resistance The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...

and

Yugoslav Resistance Yugoslav or Yugoslavian may refer to: * Yugoslavia, or any of the three historic states carrying that name: ** Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a European monarchy which existed 1918–1945 (officially called "Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" 1918–1 ...

.G.Bocca, Storia dell'Italia partigiana , pp. 278-280.

References

External links

ANPI – Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia

provides a source for the List of partisan governments
ANPI Section of Rimini
*
Interviews with Italian partisans

ANPI Section of Pesaro-Urbino
*
The photographies of the resistance

ANCFARGL – Associazione Nazionale Combattenti Forze Armate Regolari Guerra di Liberazione

INSMLI – Istituto Nazionale per la Storia del Movimento di Liberazione in Italia

Il portale della guerra di LiberazioneArticles on Anarchist resistance to Italian Fascism1943–1945: Anarchist partisans in the Italian ResistanceEuropean Resistance ArchiveThe Life of Basil Davidson by James Currey
{{Authority control * Anti-fascist organisations in Italy Italian Social Republic World War II resistance movements 1944 in Italy

History

Members

Functions

See also

References

Further reading

External links