''Colpomenia'' is a genus of brown macroalgae (or seaweed) in the family

Scytosiphonaceae Scytosiphonaceae is a family of brown algae Brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae ...

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

''Colpomenia'' is currently composed of 11 confirmed species with ''Colpomenia sinuosa'' as its type species. Earlier taxonomic placements of the members of this genus have been problematic starting from the ambiguous morphological delineation up until the discovery of the

polyphyly A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

within the genus using molecular data. Two significant taxonomic revisions have been started to clarify the polyphyly within the genus. First, was the transfer of all previous members of ''Colpomenia'' with erect, finger-like thalli into the new genus ''Dactylosiphon'' based on morphoanatomical, molecular, and life history observations''.'' Second, was the formal separation of ''Colpomenia tuberculata'' (now ''Encephalophycus tuberculatus'') from the rest of the genus due to the stark differences in its morphology molecular phylogeny.

List of species

* ''Colpomenia'' ''borea'' Dy, M.Hoshino, T.Abe, Yotsukura, K.M.Lee, S.M.Boo, N.Klochkova & Kogame * '' Colpomenia claytoniae'' S.M.Boo, K.M.Lee, G.Y.Cho & W.Nelson * '' Colpomenia ecuticulata'' M.J.Parsons * '' Colpomenia expansa'' (De A.Saunders) Y.-P.Lee * '' Colpomenia mollis'' W.R.Taylor * ''Colpomenia'' ''hasanainii'' Aisha & M.Shameel * '' Colpomenia nainativensis'' Durairatnam * ''

Colpomenia peregrina ''Colpomenia peregrina'', sometimes referred to by its vernacular names oyster thief and bladder weed, is a species of brown seaweed. This species is native to the Eastern Pacific Ocean, but has been introduced to other areas. It was first noti ...

'' Sauvageau * '' Colpomenia ramosa'' W.R.Taylor * ''

Colpomenia sinuosa ''Colpomenia sinuosa'', commonly named the oyster thief or sinuous ballweed, is a brown algae species in the genus '' Colpomenia''. It is the type species of its genus and is widespread in tropical to temperate zones around the world. ''Colp ...

'' (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier (type)

Morphology

The morphology of this genus has been a great This genus is characterized by having a saccate thallus that could be globular, tuberculate, and branched; membrane thickness of about 150–500 μm; 1–3 layers of ovoidal or polygonal cells for the cortex; 2–6 layers of medullary cells; and sori that are associated with 1–3 celled paraphyses (ascocysts).

Distribution

''Colpomenia'' is a cosmopolitan genera and is found from the tropics up to the Arctic.

Ecology

''Colpomenia'' species can either be epilithic (attached on a substrate) or epiphytic (attached on another seaweed) and could observed from the intertidal zone up to the shallow subtidal.

Life history

There are three observed life history strategies for this genus: (1) heteromorphic diplohaplontic, the gametophyte (N) and sporophyte (2N) are both free-living and equally distinct bodies, however, the gametophyte (N) has a diminutive form and releases anisogamous (i.e., unequal in form and size) gametes to form the zygote (2N) which will later on develop into the sporophyte (2N) that will release unsipores that will develop into the gametophytes (N); (2) heteromorphic, monophasic, wherein the female gamete (N) alone gives rise to the sporophyte (2N), and the female unispore develops into the gametophyte; and lastly, (3) monomorphic monophasic, the sporophyte independently regenerates through the production of plurispores while the gametophytes also independently grow via the production and settlement of its zooids.

Exploitation, harvesting, and cultivation

There is no known culture technology for ''Colpomenia'' species and it is not traditionally being consumed.

Chemical composition and natural products chemistry

Natural product chemistry research on this genus has revealed that it harbors important bioactive compounds (i.e., sulfated polysaccharides) that have the potential to limit tumor growth.

Utilization and management

This genus is not commercially utilized and it is not threatened therefore there are no management strategies applied to this genus.

References

Brown algae genera Ectocarpales {{Phaeophyceae-stub