Collybia Tuberosa 65840

''Collybia'' (in the strict sense) is a genus of mushrooms in the family Tricholomataceae. The genus has a widespread but rare distribution in northern temperate areas, and contains three species that grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms.

Until recently a large number of other white-spored species, some very common, were assigned to this genus, but now the majority have been separated into other genera: ''Gymnopus'', '' Rhodocollybia'' and ''Dendrocollybia''.

''Collybia'' sensu lato

''Collybia'' sensu lato is one of the groups of fungi of the order Agaricales that has created taxonomic differences of opinion in the scientific community. The generic name ''Collybia'' is due to Elias Magnus Fries and first appeared in 1821. ''Collybia'' was originally a tribe from an Agaricus classification. In 1857, Friedrich Staude recognized ''Collybia'' as a genus. The name ''Collybia'' means "small coin". Later in his systematic work of 1838, Fries characterized ''Collybia'' as those species with
#white spores,
#incurved cap margin,
#central cartilaginous stipe, and
#fruit bodies which decay easily ("putrescent").
The last criterion divided these mushrooms from those of ''Marasmius'', which had the property of being able to revive after having dried out (called "marcescent"). Although Fries considered this an important characteristic, some later authors like Charles Horton Peck (1897) and Calvin Henry Kauffman (1918) did not agree with Fries's criteria for the classification, and Gilliam (1976) discarded marcescence as a characteristic for the identification and differentiation of these genera.

At that point, the very varied genus encompassed the modern genera ''Oudemansiella'' (including ''Xerula''), ''Crinipellis'', ''Flammulina'', ''Calocybe'', '' Lyophyllum'', '' Tephrocybe'', '' Strobilurus'', and others.

In 1993, Antonín and Noordeloos published the first part of a monograph of the genera ''Marasmius'' and ''Collybia'' after conducting a survey of these genera in Europe. In 1997, they published the second part of the monograph that included all ''Collybia'' species. In 1997, Antonín and colleagues published a generic concept within these two genera and organized the nomenclature to provide a new combination of genera: ''Gymnopus'', ''Collybia'', ''Dendrocollybia'', ''Rhodocollybia'' and ''Marasmiellus''. The nomenclature and reclassification has since been supported by subsequent molecular analysis. Most of these mushrooms belong to the family Marasmiaceae and have low convex caps and white gills, with adnate attachment to the stem. This general form has given rise to the term ''collybioid'', which is still in use to describe this type of fruit body.

''Collybia'' sensu stricto

The type species for ''Collybia'' is ''C. tuberosa'', a small white parasitic mushroom (with caps up to ) which develops from a reddish-brown apple seed-shaped sclerotium in and on putrescent fungi or remaining in soil after complete decay of the host tissue.

The three species remaining in the genus are small (up to ). The caps are whitish and often radially wrinkled. All three species are saprobic, and grow on the decomposing remains of other mushrooms. When the genus was split up, the much-reduced genus was moved from '' Marasmiaceae'' to ''Tricholomataceae''.

See also

* List of Tricholomataceae genera
* List of Marasmiaceae genera

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q244305

Tricholomataceae
Agaricales genera

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