The Collematineae are an

suborder Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...

rust fungi Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales). An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are currently a ...

in the order of

Peltigerales Peltigerales is an order of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was formerly often treated as a suborder of the order Lecanorales. It con ...

in the class

Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. Genera of unc ...

.David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) It contains 5

families Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

, the Coccocarpiaceae, the

Collemataceae The Collemataceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains ten genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Jonathan Carl Zenker in 1827; ...

, the

Pannariaceae The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate regions. Genera According to a recent (202 ...

, the Placynthiaceae and also the Vahliellaceae.

History

It was set up in 2004 to contain 4 families, the Coccocarpiaceae, the Collemataceae, the Pannariaceae and the Placynthiaceae by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni. The new suborder was agreed by Hibbet et al, in 2007 and Lumbsch and Huhndorf in 2007, and 2010. The other Peltigerales based suborder of Peltigerineae contained 6 families; Koerberiaceae, Lobariaceae, Massalongiaceae, Nephromataceae,

Peltigeraceae The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae sp ...

and Vahliellaceae, also by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni in 2004. Vahliellaceae is still sometimes placed within the Peltigerineae suborder. A molecular

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

study of the Collemataceae was carried out in 2010. It found that

ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...

characteristics are a good predictor of phylogeny within Collematineae. Relationships in the Collematineae were then defined by short branches and lower nodal support than in other parts of the genetic tree, due in part to conflicting signal in exon trees (DNA sequence within a gene), suggesting that rapid diversification events took place in the early evolution of the suborder.

Description

It includes species of cyanolichens with foliose to fruticose or crustose thalli, with simple or septate ascospores.

Distribution

The lichens occur worldwide, having a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

. They are found in south-east Asia, including

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

, Collematineae are found growing on

bark Bark may refer to: * Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick * Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog) Places * Bark, Germany * Bark, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland Arts, ...

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

, soil or rocks in humid

woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with trees, or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the ''plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see ...

including mangrove forests,

Families

Amount of species as accepted by

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...

; * Coccocarpiaceae - 4 genera and 28 spp. *

- 10 genera and ca. 245 spp. *

- 27 genera and ca. 360 spp. * Placynthiaceae - 3 genera and 23 spp. * Vahliellaceae - 1 genus ''Vahliella'' with 9 species

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q21215126 Peltigerales Taxa described in 2004