The Collegium Fridericianum (also known as the Friedrichskolleg, Friedrichskollegium, and Friedrichs-Kollegium) was a prestigious
gymnasium in
Königsberg
Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
,
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
. Alumni were known as ''Friderizianer''.
[Gause, p. 716]
History
Postcard ca. 1930
18th century
Using the
Francke school of
Halle (Saale)
Halle (Saale), or simply Halle (; from the 15th to the 17th century: ''Hall in Sachsen''; until the beginning of the 20th century: ''Halle an der Saale'' ; from 1965 to 1995: ''Halle/Saale'') is the largest city of the Germany, German States of ...
as a model, Theodor Gehr (died 1705), an official of
Brandenburg-Prussia
Brandenburg-Prussia (german: Brandenburg-Preußen; ) is the historiographic denomination for the early modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701. Based in the Electorate of Brandenburg, the main branch of the Hohenz ...
, founded a
Pietist
Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christianity, Christian life, including a social concern for ...
private school in
Sackheim Sackheim was a quarter of eastern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia.
History
Although it was documented in 1326,Albinus, p. 267 Sackheim already existed as an Old Prussian farming ...
on 11 August 1698.
[Wiese, p. 151] It became a royal school of
Frederick I Frederick I may refer to:
* Frederick of Utrecht or Frederick I (815/16–834/38), Bishop of Utrecht.
* Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine (942–978)
* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia (1050–1105)
* Frederick I, Count of Zoller ...
,
King in Prussia
King ''in'' Prussia (German: ''König in Preußen'') was a title used by the Prussian kings (also in personal union Electors of Brandenburg) from 1701 to 1772. Subsequently, they used the title King ''of'' Prussia (''König von Preußen'').
Th ...
, on 4 March 1701.
[Armstedt, p. 119] For 16,000 guilder in 1703, it acquired the hall of Obermarschall von Creytzen on Collegiengasse in eastern
Löbenicht View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche
Löbenicht ( lt, Lyvenikė; pl, Lipnik) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of ...
[Albinus, p. 90] and was designated the Collegium Fridericianum or Friedrichskolleg in honor of Frederick on 10 May.
The Pietist school was the first in Königsberg not to be affiliated with a parish church. The school's first director in 1702 was
Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731) of
Flensburg
Flensburg (; Danish, Low Saxon: ''Flensborg''; North Frisian: ''Flansborj''; South Jutlandic: ''Flensborre'') is an independent town (''kreisfreie Stadt'') in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the ...
, pastor of
Löbenicht Church. The school received an organ built by
Johann Josua Mosengel
Johann Josua Mosengel (September 16, 1663 – January 18, 1731) was a German pipe organ builder.
Biography
Mosengel was born in 1663 in either Stolzenau or in Eisenach. He created his first independent work in 1695 in Hanover. He then went to Kön ...
in 1707.
The Collegium was admired by King
Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I (german: Friedrich Wilhelm I.; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (german: Soldatenkönig), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuch ...
; in a decree on 25 October 1735 the king mentioned the school as an example for other schools in Prussia. Over 50
Baltic German
Baltic Germans (german: Deutsch-Balten or , later ) were ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their coerced resettlement in 1939, Baltic Germans have markedly declined ...
students went to the school before attending university in the 18th century.
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
began attending the school in 1732, while
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder ( , ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, ''Sturm und Drang'', and Weimar Classicism.
Biography
Born in Mohrun ...
taught there from 1763 to 1764. The school consisted of a
Latin school
The Latin school was the grammar school of 14th- to 19th-century Europe, though the latter term was much more common in England. Emphasis was placed, as the name indicates, on learning to use Latin. The education given at Latin schools gave gre ...
, a German school, and a boarding school often used by foreign students. It also contained a wooden tower utilized as an observatory and a small church in service until 1853.
19th century
The Collegium was elevated to a gymnasium on 4 September 1810,
the first in Prussia, under the direction of
Friedrich August Gotthold. The school had three teachers and eighteen
Abitur
''Abitur'' (), often shortened colloquially to ''Abi'', is a qualification granted at the end of secondary education in Germany. It is conferred on students who pass their final exams at the end of ISCED 3, usually after twelve or thirteen year ...
students volunteer during the
War of the Sixth Coalition
In the War of the Sixth Coalition (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States defeated F ...
in 1813, with ten dying during the fighting, including three at
Großgörschen.
Eight representatives of the 1848
Frankfurt Parliament
The Frankfurt Parliament (german: Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally ''Frankfurt National Assembly'') was the first freely elected parliament for all German states, including the German-populated areas of Austria-Hungary, elected on 1 Ma ...
were ''Friderizianer'':
Eduard von Simson
Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 – 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first Pr ...
,
Georg Bernhard Simson,
Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert,
Ludwig Wilhelm zu Dohna-Lauck,
Johann August Muttray,
Gustav von Saltzwedel,
Anton von Wegnern, and
Johann Jacoby
Johann Jacoby (1 May 1805 – 6 March 1877) was a Left-wing German-Jewish politician.
Biography
The son of a Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) merchant, Gerson Jacoby, and his wife, Lea Jonas, Jacoby studied medicine at the Albertina University of ...
.
The gymnasium's building was dismantled and rebuilt in 1853, with the new structure dedicated on 17 October 1855. In 1858 the 36,000 volume library of Director
Friedrich August Gotthold was donated to the
Royal and University Library. The gymnasium counted 508 students in 1865. During the
Franco-Prussian War the school's volunteers included two teachers and nine students, all of whom survived the war.
In 1890 the Prussian government acquired the property of the stately Groß Jägerhof on Jägerhofstraße between
Königstraße and
Vorder-Roßgarten. The school moved into this new property, which was remodeled by
Ernst von Ihne
Ernst is both a surname and a given name, the German, Dutch, and Scandinavian form of Ernest. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
* Adolf Ernst (1832–1899) German botanist known by the author abbreviation "Ernst"
* Anton Ernst (1975- ...
and dedicated in 1893. The Collegium's former location on Collegiengasse was later used by the
Burgschule. The teacher Gustav Zippel began a history of the Friedrichskollegium to commemorate its bicentennial in 1898.
20th century
In 1901 the Friedrichskollegium consisted of 32 teachers and 845 students; it was the largest school in Königsberg prior to
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
.
By 1902 its faculty library consisted of 9,000 volumes and its student library had 1,200 volumes.
[Wiese, p. 152] Upon the outbreak of war in 1914, 20 teachers and 139 students volunteered for service, with hundreds following during the course of the war. Casualties included three teachers and fifty students.
The gymnasium was destroyed during the 1944
Bombing of Königsberg in World War II
The bombing of Königsberg was a series of attacks made on the city of Königsberg in East Prussia during World War II. The Soviet Air Force had made several raids on the city since 1941. Extensive attacks carried out by RAF Bomber Command destro ...
, with interim classes ceasing in January 1945. At least 160 representatives of the school had been killed during the war or in its aftermath by 1948.
The
Landfermann-Gymnasium of
Duisburg
Duisburg () is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruhr Region, Duisburg is the 5th largest city in Nor ...
has sponsored the traditions of the former Friedrichskollegium through several endowments since 28 May 1955.
Notable people
Directors
*
Heinrich Lysius (1670-1731), from 1702–1731
*
Georg Friedrich Rogall (1701-1733), from 1731–1733
*
Franz Albert Schultz Franz Albert Schultz (25 September 1692 – 19 May 1763) was a Prussian Anglicanism#Anglican divines, divine and Superintendent (ecclesiastical), superintendent.
Biography
Schultz was born 25 September 1692 in Szczecinek, Neustettin (Szczecinek). H ...
(1692-1763), from 1733–1763
*
Friedrich August Gotthold (1778-1858), from 1810–1852
*
Johannes Horkel (1820-1861), from 1852–1860
*
Theodor Adler, from 1861–1863
*
Gustav Heinrich Wagner (1820-1878), from 1863
*
Albert Lehnerdt (1827-1897)
*
Georg Ellendt (1840-1908), from 1891-1908
*
Paul Glogau, from 1908-1913
*
Alfred Rausch (1858-1939), from 1913-1923
*
Bruno Schumacher (1879-1957), from 1934-1945
Teachers
*
Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold (1799-1858), historian
*
Johann Wilhelm Ebel Johann Wilhelm Ebel (1784–1861) was a German Lutheran clergyman and teacher.
Ebel was born in Passenheim (Pasym), East Prussia, becoming a pastor in Königsberg. He was one of the founders of the Mucker Society, a group with pronounced similar ...
(1784-1861), theologian
*
Xaver von Hasenkamp (1826-1911), editor of the ''
Königsberger Hartungsche Zeitung''
*
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder ( , ; 25 August 174418 December 1803) was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the Enlightenment, ''Sturm und Drang'', and Weimar Classicism.
Biography
Born in Mohrun ...
(1744-1803), philosopher
*
Heinrich Otto Hoffmann (1816-1893), mathematician
*
Karl Lachmann
Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann (; 4 March 1793 – 13 March 1851) was a German philologist and critic. He is particularly noted for his foundational contributions to the field of textual criticism.
Biography
Lachmann was born in Bruns ...
(1793-1851), philologist
*
Karl Marold (1850-1909), Germanist
*
Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius
Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (german: Christoph Cölestin Mrongovius; pl, Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongowiusz) (July 19, 1764 – June 3, 1855) was a Protestant pastor, writer, philosopher, distinguished linguist, and translator. Mrongovius wa ...
(1764-1855), translator
*
Otto Schöndorffer (1887-1926), philologist
*
Ernst Gustav Zaddach (1817-1880), zoologist
*
Hugo Albert Nehrenheim, teacher
Students
*
Paul Adloff
Paul may refer to:
*Paul (given name), a given name (includes a list of people with that name)
*Paul (surname), a list of people
People
Christianity
*Paul the Apostle (AD c.5–c.64/65), also known as Saul of Tarsus or Saint Paul, early Chris ...
(1870-1944), dentist and anthropologist
*
Adolf von Batocki (1868-1944), Governor of East Prussia
*
Hermann Bobrik (1814-1845), historian and geographer
*
Karl Böttcher __NOTOC__
Karl Böttcher (25 October 1889 – 21 October 1973) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several divisions. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
Böttcher served in the Deutsches ...
(1838-1900), philologist and director of the
Burgschule
*
Franz Brandstäter (1815-1883), philologist
*
Friedrich Reinhold Dietz Friedrich may refer to:
Names
* Friedrich (surname), people with the surname ''Friedrich''
* Friedrich (given name), people with the given name ''Friedrich''
Other
* Friedrich (board game), a board game about Frederick the Great and the Seven Year ...
(1805-1836), philologist
*
Friedrich Dewischeit (1805-1884), poet
*
Ludwig Wilhelm zu Dohna-Lauck (1805-1895), politician
*
Traugott Fedtke (1909-1988), organist and composer
*
Fritz Gause
Fritz Gause (4 August 1893 – 24 December 1973) was a German historian, archivist, and curator described as the last great historian of his native city, Königsberg (now Kaliningrad), East Prussia. Gause's most important work was his three-vol ...
(1893-1973), historian
*
Klaus von der Groeben
Klaus is a German, Dutch and Scandinavian given name and surname. It originated as a short form of Nikolaus, a German form of the Greek given name Nicholas.
Notable persons whose family name is Klaus
* Billy Klaus (1928–2006), American baseb ...
(1902-2002), jurist
*
Karl Haffner (1804-1876), dramatist
*
Theophil Herbst (1806-1868), philologist
*
David Hilbert
David Hilbert (; ; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician, one of the most influential mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many a ...
(1862-1943), mathematician
*
Hermann Theodor Hoffmann (1836-1902), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1893 to 1902
*
Johann Jacoby
Johann Jacoby (1 May 1805 – 6 March 1877) was a Left-wing German-Jewish politician.
Biography
The son of a Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) merchant, Gerson Jacoby, and his wife, Lea Jonas, Jacoby studied medicine at the Albertina University of ...
(1805-1877, politician
*
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
(1724-1804), philosopher
*
Friedrich Julius Kieschke (1819-1895), lord mayor of Königsberg from 1867 to 1872
*
Gustav Kordgien (1838-1907), professor
*
Hans Kramer
Hans may refer to:
__NOTOC__ People
* Hans (name), a masculine given name
* Hans Raj Hans, Indian singer and politician
** Navraj Hans, Indian singer, actor, entrepreneur, cricket player and performer, son of Hans Raj Hans
** Yuvraj Hans, Punjabi ...
(1896-1982), forester
*
Georg David Kypke (1724-1779), Orientalist
*
Georg Lejeune-Dirichlet
Georg may refer to:
* ''Georg'' (film), 1997
*Georg (musical), Estonian musical
* Georg (given name)
* Georg (surname)
* , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker
See also
* George (disambiguation)
George may refer to:
People
* George (given name)
* G ...
(1858-1920), pedagogue
*
August Lilienthal (1814-1852), philologist
*
Hugo Linck (1890-1976), pastor in Königsberg until 1948
*
Fritz Albert Lipmann
Fritz Albert Lipmann (; June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in ...
(1899-1986), biochemist and Nobel Prize recipient
*
Hans Lullies (1898-1982), physiologist
*
Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer (11 December 1753 – 21 November 1823), was a German-Danish philologist, theologian, librarian, bibliophile, palaeographer, diplomat, and Bible translator.
Early life and education
Moldenhawer was born in Kö ...
(1753-1823), philologist
*
Johann Heinrich Daniel Moldenhawer
Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" ...
(1709-1790, theologian
*
Ernst Mollmann (1850-1939), philologist
*
Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt (1893-1902), historian
*
Bernhard Mrowka (1907-1973), physicist
*
Johann August Muttray (1808-1872), physician
*
Ludwig Passarge (1825-1912), writer
*
Siegfried Passarge (1866-1958), geographer
*
Reinhold Rehs (1901-1971), politician
*
Albert Reusch (1816-1892), philologist
*
David Ruhnken
David Ruhnken (2 January 172314 May 1798) was a Dutch classical scholar of German origin.
Origins
Ruhnken was born in Bedlin (today Bydlino) near Stolp, Pomerania Province, (today Słupsk, Poland). After he had attended Latin school at König ...
(1723-1798), classicist
*
Johann Georg Rosenhain
Johann Georg Rosenhain (10 June 1816 in Königsberg – 14 March 1887 Berlin) was a German mathematician who introduced theta characteristic In mathematics, a theta characteristic of a non-singular algebraic curve ''C'' is a divisor class Θ suc ...
(1816-1887), mathematician
*
Otto Saro (1818-1888), prosecutor and politician
*
Gustav von Saltzwedel (1808-1897), politician
*
Dietrich von Saucken
Dietrich Friedrich Eduard Kasimir von Saucken (16 May 1892 – 27 September 1980) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 2nd Army and the Army East Prussia. Turning down an offer to escape by air, he surrendered to the Re ...
(1892–1980), general
*
Alexander Schmidt (1816-1887), philologist
*
Friedrich Ludwig Schröder
Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (3 November 1744 – 3 September 1816) was a German actor, manager, dramatist and prominent masonic leader.
He was born in Schwerin. Shortly after his birth, his mother, Sophie Charlotte Bierreichel (1714&nda ...
(1744-1816), actor
*
Friedrich Wilhelm Schubert (1799-1868), historian
*
Eduard von Simson
Martin Sigismund Eduard von Simson (10 November 1810 – 2 May 1899) was a German jurist and distinguished liberal politician of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, who served as President of the Frankfurt Parliament as well as the first Pr ...
(1810-1899), politician
*
Georg Bernhard Simson (1817-1897), politician
*
Siegfried Thomaschki __NOTOC__
Siegfried Thomaschki (20 March 1894 – 31 May 1967) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 11th Infantry Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
Thomas ...
(1894-1967), artillery general
*
Siegfried von der Trenck (1882-1951), writer
*
Ernst Wilhelm Wagner (1857-1927), director of the
Wilhelmsgymnasium
*
Anton von Wegnern (1809-1891), politician
*
Albert Zweck (1857-1934), geographer
Notes
References
*
*
*
*
External links
Landfermann-Gymnasium
{{Authority control
1698 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1944 disestablishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Germany destroyed during World War II
Educational institutions established in the 1690s
Educational institutions disestablished in 1944
Education in Königsberg
Former buildings and structures in Königsberg
Gymnasiums in Germany