Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a

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and

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Biography

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the Capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population ...

in the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography ...

. From his father,

Jacob Temminck Jacob Temminck (November 1748-August 15, 1822) was a treasurer in the Dutch East India Company and a collector of natural history objects, including a large number of bird specimens acquired through field collectors such as François Levaillant ...

, who was

treasurer A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance. Government The treasury o ...

of the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...

with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad. Temminck's ''Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe'' (1815) was the standard work on

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

s for many years. He was also the author of ''Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées'' (1813–1817), ''Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux'' (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of

Philipp Franz von Siebold Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold (17 February 1796 – 18 October 1866) was a German physician, botanist and traveler. He achieved prominence by his studies of Japanese flora (plants), flora and fauna (animals), fauna and the introduction of ...

's ''Fauna japonica'' (1844–1850). Temminck was the first director of the

National Museum of Natural History The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States. It has free admission and is open 364 days a year. In 2021, with 7 ...

in Leiden from 1820 until his death. In 1824, he was elected to the

American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit ...

. In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences ( sv, Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien) is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special ...

. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences ( nl, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed ...

. Temminck died on 30 January 1858, at the age of 79, in Leiden, Netherlands.

Works

Temminck, in collaboration with

Heinrich Kuhl Heinrich Kuhl (17 September 1797 – 14 September 1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist. Kuhl was born in Hanau (Hesse, Germany). Between 1817 and 1820, he was the assistant of professor Th. van Swinderen, docent natural history at the ...

, is the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella ''

Platycercus icterotis The western rosella (''Platycercus icterotis''), or moyadong, is a species of parrot endemic to southwestern Australia. The head and underparts are bright red, and the back is mottled black; a yellow patch at the cheek distinguishes it from oth ...

''. A tailless

mutant In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. It ...

of a junglefowl ''

Gallus lafayettii The Sri Lankan junglefowl (''Gallus lafayettii'' sometimes spelled ''Gallus lafayetii''), also known as the Ceylon junglefowl or Lafayette's junglefowl, is a member of the Galliformes bird order which is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is the nati ...

'' was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...

incorrectly denied existed. Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as ''

Gallus giganteus ''Gallus giganteus'' or Jago cock is a hypothetical species of fowl. It was first described in 1838 by Coenraad Jacob Temminck who named it on the basis of large foot that he received, having a 5 cm spur. Temminck thought it was a wild bird f ...

'' was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.

Species named after Temminck

A large number of animals were named for Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are: * Sharks: **

Broadfin shark The broadfin shark (''Lamiopsis temminckii'') is a tropical whaler shark, characterized by the broad shape of its pectoral fins. They are classified as requiem sharks of the family Carcharhinidae. This is one of two species in the genus ''Lamiops ...

''Lamiopsis temminckii'' * Fishes ** ''

Ancistrus temminckii ''Ancistrus temminckii'' is a species of armoured suckermouth catfish in the family Loricariidae of order Siluriformes. It is found in Suriname in the Saramacca River, Suriname River and Maroni River The Maroni or Marowijne (french: lin ...

'' (an armoured suckermouth catfish) ** Dark chub '' Zacco temminckii'' (a carp) ** ''

Nipponocypris ''Nipponocypris'' is a genus of cyprinid fish containing three extant species, one endemic to Japan, one to South Korea while the third occurs in Japan, Korea and China. A fourth, extinct species is known from Middle Pleistocene-aged freshwater ...

temminckii'' (a cyprinid) ** Samoan silverside ''

Hypoatherina ''Hypoatherina'' is a genus of silversides in the family Atherinidae. Species There are currently 13 recognized species in this genus: * '' Hypoatherina barnesi'' L. P. Schultz, 1953 (Barnes' silverside) * '' Hypoatherina celebesensis'' D. Sa ...

temminckii'' ** The Longnose Pipefish '' Syngnathus temminckii'' Kaup, 1856 **

Oilfish The oilfish (''Ruvettus pretiosus'') is a species of snake mackerel fish with a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and temperate oceans. It can be found at depths of from , usually between . It can grow to a length of TL (nearly 10 feet) ...

''Rovetus temminckii'' (synonym) ** Goldribbon soapfish ''Aulacocephalus temminckii'' ** '' Ditrema temminckii'' (a surfperch) ** Thread-fin fairy-wrasse ''

Cirrhilabrus ''Cirrhilabrus'' is a genus of fish in the family Labridae native to reefs in the Indian and Pacific Ocean, commonly kept in aquaria. Species There are currently 60 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cirrhilabrus adornatus'' J. E. Ra ...

temminckii'' **

Kissing gourami Kissing gouramis, also known as kissing fish or kissers (''Helostoma temminckii''), are medium-sized tropical freshwater fish comprising the monotypic labyrinth fish family Helostomatidae (from the Greek ''elos'' tud, nail ''stoma'' outh. These ...

''Helostoma temminckii'' * Reptiles:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Temminck", p. 263). **''Macrochelys temminckii'' ( alligator snapping turtle) **'' Tytthoscincus temmincki'' (a

skink Skinks are lizards belonging to the family Scincidae, a family in the infraorder Scincomorpha. With more than 1,500 described species across 100 different taxonomic genera, the family Scincidae is one of the most diverse families of lizards. Ski ...

) * Birds: ** Temminck's cormorant ''Phalacrocorax capillatus'' **

Temminck's tragopan The Temminck's tragopan (''Tragopan temminckii'') is a medium-sized, approximately 64 cm long, pheasant in the genus ''Tragopan''. The male is a stocky red-and-orange bird with white-spotted plumage, black bill and pink legs. The male's disp ...

''Tragopan temminckii'' **

Bekisar The Bekisar, or Ayam Bekisar, is the first generation hybrid offspring of the green junglefowl (''Gallus varius'') and domesticated red junglefowl from Java (''Gallus gallus bankiva''). The roosters have a glossy blackish green plumage and a ...

G. varius × G. gallus "''Gallus temminckii''" **

Temminck's courser Temminck's courser (''Cursorius temminckii'') is a bird in the pratincole and courser family, Glareolidae. It is a wader which lives in sub-Saharan Africa. It is noted for laying its dark ash-black eggs in the burnt bushes and grass of the Afri ...

''Cursorius temminckii'' **

Temminck's stint Temminck's stint (''Calidris temminckii'') is a small wader. This bird's common name and Latin binomial commemorate the Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by ...

''Calidris temminckii'' ** Malaysian eared nightjar ''Eurostopodus temminckii'' **

Purple-winged roller The purple-winged roller (''Coracias temminckii'') is a species of bird in the family Coraciidae. It is endemic to the Sulawesi subregion in Indonesia and can be found on the islands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung. Its ...

''Coracias temminckii'' ** Temminck's hornbill ''Penelopides exarhatus'' ** Ochre-collared piculet ''Picumnus temminckii'' ** Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker ''Dendrocopos temminckii'' ** Temminck's fruit-dove ''Ptilinopus porphyreus'' **

Cerulean cuckooshrike The cerulean cuckooshrike (''Coracina temminckii'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical ...

''Coracina temminckii'' **

Australian logrunner The Australian logrunner (''Orthonyx temminckii'') is a species of bird that is endemic to eastern Australia where it uses unique foraging techniques and adaptations to search for its food on the floors of temperate, subtropical, or tropical moi ...

''Orthonyx temminckii'' ** Temminck's sunbird ''Aethopyga temminckii'' ** Temminck's lark ''Eremophila bilopha'' ** Temminck's babbler ''Pellorneum pyrrhogenys'' **

Temminck's seedeater Temminck's seedeater (''Sporophila falcirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in eastern South America, mainly in far northeastern Argentina and along the southeastern Brazilian coastline. Its natural habitats are ...

''Sporophila falcirostris'' ** Blue whistling thrush subspecies ''Myophonus caeruleus temminckii'' **

Javan sunbird The Javan sunbird or scarlet sunbird (''Aethopyga mystacalis'') is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is endemic to Java and Bali, Indonesia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or ...

subspecies ''Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii'' **

Black sparrowhawk The black sparrowhawk (''Accipiter melanoleucus''), sometimes known as the black goshawk or great sparrowhawk, is the largest African member of the genus ''Accipiter''.Arkive. Black goshawk (''Accipiter melanoleucus''). In: Arkive: Images of Lif ...

subspecies ''Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii'' * Mammals: ** Temminck's mole ''Mogera wogura'' **

Temminck's flying fox Temminck's flying fox (''Pteropus temminckii'') is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Indonesia. The species was classified as "Vulnerable" in 2008 by the IUCN due to threats from habitat destruction Habitat ...

''Pteropus temminckii'' ** Temminck's tailless fruit bat ''Megaerops ecaudatus'' ** Dwarf dog-faced bat ''Molossops temminckii'' ** Temminck's trident bat ''Aselliscus tricuspidatus'' ** Temminck's mysterious bat ''Nycticeius aenobarbus'' ** Temminck's pangolin ''Smutsia temminckii'' ** Temminck's golden cat ''Catopuma temminckii'' **

Southern right whale The southern right whale (''Eubalaena australis'') is a baleen whale, one of three species classified as right whales belonging to the genus ''Eubalaena''. Southern right whales inhabit oceans south of the Equator, between the latitudes of 20 ...

''Hunterus temminckii'' (a synonym) ** Temminck's mouse ''Mus musculoides'' ** Temminck's striped mouse ''Hybomys trivirgatus'' ** Temminck's giant squirrel ''Epixerus ebii'' ** Temminck's flying squirrel ''Petinomys setosus'' ** Temminck's

red colobus Red colobuses are Old World monkeys of the genus ''Piliocolobus''. It was formerly considered a subgenus within the genus ''Procolobus'', which is now restricted to the olive colobus. They are closely related to the black-and-white colobus monke ...

''Pilocolobus badius temminckii'' (subspecies)

Bibliography

* ''Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1807. * ''Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15. * ''Manuel d'ornithologie ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe.'' Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40. * ''Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire.'' Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris 1821. * ''Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck.'' Belin, Paris 1826–42. * ''Monographies de mammalogie.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41. * ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux.'' Levrault, Paris 1838. * ''Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux'' Paris, 1845–1849. * ''Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique.'' Arnz, Leiden 1846–49. * ''Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères.'' Brill, Leiden 1853. * ''Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India.'' Manila 1855.

References

External links

; Primary works *
Fauna Japonica
' (1833) *
Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux
' (1845-1849) *
Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères
' (1853) ; Secondary works *

Erwin Stresemann Erwin Friedrich Theodor Stresemann (22 November 1889, in Dresden – 20 November 1972, in East Berlin) was a German naturalist and ornithologist. Stresemann was an ornithologist of extensive breadth who compiled one of the first and most compreh ...

Analyse von C. J. Temmincks "Catalogue systématique" (1807)
''

Zoologische Mededelingen ''Zoologische Mededelingen'' was a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal publishing papers and monographs on animal systematics. The publisher was the National Museum of Natural History Naturalis in the Netherlands. The first issue appeared ...