Coelogyne Breviscapa

''Coelogyne'' is a genus of over 200 sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera ''Bolborchis'' Lindl., ''Hologyne'' Pfitzer and ''Ptychogyne'' Pfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated ''Coel.'' in trade journals.

Name

The name ''Coelogyne'' was first published as ''Caelogyne'' in 1821 by John Lindley.Lindley, J. 1821. Collectanea Botanica, ad pl. 33 and pl. 37 and is derived from the Ancient Greek words '' κοῖλος'' (''koîlos'', hollow) and '' γῠνή'' (''gunḗ'', woman), referring to the concave stigma.

A few species are commonly known as "necklace orchids", because of their long, pendant, multi-flowered inflorescence.

Description

This genus lacks the saccate base of the labellum, a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.

The pseudobulbs of one internode vary in size. They may be closely or widely spaced through sympodial growth along the rhizome.

Inflorescences often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large flowers. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in ''Coelogyne fimbriata''), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in ''Coelogyne cristata''). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.

They have often a sweet scent, attracting different kinds of pollinators, such as bees, wasps and beetles.

Distribution

The cooler growing species such as ''Coelogyne fimbriata'', ''Coelogyne ovalis'', ''Colegyne fuliginosa'', ''Coelogyne cristata'', ''Coelogyne flaccida'', ''Coelogyne nitida'' originate in the Himalayan region of India and southeast Asia.

Taxonomy

The traditional taxonomy of the genus ''Coelogyne'' is still disputed. ''Coelogyne'' has been subdivided in 23 sections or subgenera by De Vogel (1994) and Clayton. Molecular data show that ''Coelogyne'' is paraphyletic and should be reorganised. It should include the genera ''Neogyna'' and ''Pholidota'', and several sections should be removed, including ''Cyathogyne'', ''Tomentosae'', ''Rigidiformes'', ''Veitchiae'' and ''Verrucosae''. This new genus ''Coelogyne'' should then contain about 160 species.Gravendeel, B. (2000)
Reorganising the orchid genus ''Coelogyne'': A phylogenetic classification based on morphology and molecules.
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.

The type species is ''Coelogyne cristata''.

Species

The database IPNI gives 415 entries for this genus, but a large number are invalid or have become synonyms. These are not mentioned in the following traditional list.

* ''Coelogyne acutilabium'' de Vogel
* ''Coelogyne albobrunnea'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne albolutea'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne anceps'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne asperata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne assamica'' Linden & Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne barbata'' Lindl. ex Griff.
* ''Coelogyne beccarii'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne bicamerata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne bilamellata'' Lindl.
* ''Coelogyne borneensis'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne brachygyne'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne brachyptera'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne breviscapa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne bruneiensis'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne buennemeyeri'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne calcarata'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne calcicola'' Kerr
* '' Coelogyne caloglossa'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne candoonensis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne carinata'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne celebensis'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne chanii'' Gravend. & de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne chlorophaea'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne chloroptera'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne clemensii'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''angustifolia'' Carr
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''clemensii''
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''longiscapa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne compressicaulis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne concinna'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne confusa'' Ames.
* '' Coelogyne contractipetala'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne corymbosa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne crassiloba'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne craticulilabris'' Carr
* ''Coelogyne cristata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne cumingii'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne cuprea'' H.Wendl. & Kraenzl.
** ''Coelogyne cuprea'' var. ''cuprea''
** ''Coelogyne cuprea'' var. ''planiscapa'' J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne dichroantha'' Gagnep
* '' Coelogyne distans'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne dulitensis'' Carr.
* ''Coelogyne eberhardtii'' Gagnep
* '' Coelogyne ecarinata'' C.Schweinf.
* ''Coelogyne echinolabium'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne elmeri'' Ames.
* '' Coelogyne endertii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne exalata'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne filipeda'' Gagnep.
* ''Coelogyne fimbriata'' Lindl.
* ''Coelogyne flaccida'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne flexuosa'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne foerstermannii'' Rchb.f..
* ''Coelogyne formosa'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne fragrans'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne fuerstenbergiana'' Schltr.
* ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''brunnea'' (Lindl.) Lindl..
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''fuscescens''
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''integrilabia'' Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler (ed.).
* '' Coelogyne genuflexa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne ghatakii'' T.K.Paul, S.K.Basu & M.C.Biswas
* '' Coelogyne gibbifera'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''bournei'' S.Das & S.K.Jain
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''glandulosa''
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''sathyanarayanae'' S.Das & S.K.Jain
* '' Coelogyne gongshanensis'' H.Li ex S.C.Chen.
* '' Coelogyne griffithii'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne guamensis'' Ames
* ''Coelogyne hajrae'' Phukan.
* '' Coelogyne harana'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne hirtella'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne hitendrae'' S.Das & S.K.Jain.
* '' Coelogyne holochila'' P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
* '' Coelogyne huettneriana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne imbricans'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne incrassata'' (Blume) Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''incrassata''
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''sumatrana'' J.J.Sm.
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''valida'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne integerrima'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne integra'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne judithiae'' P.Taylor
* '' Coelogyne kaliana'' P.J.Cribb.
* '' Coelogyne kelamensis'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne kemiriensis'' J.J.Sm..
* '' Coelogyne kinabaluensis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne lacinulosa'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne latiloba'' Vogel
* '' Coelogyne lawrenceana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne lentiginosa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne leucantha'' W.W.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne lockii'' Aver.
* '' Coelogyne loheri'' Rolfe
* ''Coelogyne longiana'' Aver.
* '' Coelogyne longibulbosa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne longifolia'' (Blume) Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne longipes'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne longirachis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne longpasiaensis'' J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne lycastoides'' F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
* ''Coelogyne macdonaldii'' F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
* '' Coelogyne malintangensis'' J.J.Sm..
* '' Coelogyne malipoensis'' Z.H.Tsi
* '' Coelogyne marmorata'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne martha''e S.E.C.Sierra
* ''Coelogyne mayeriana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne merrillii'' Ames
* ''Coelogyne micrantha'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne miniata'' (Blume) Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne monilirachis'' Carr
* '' Coelogyne monticola'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne mooreana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne mossiae'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne motleyi'' Rolfe ex J.J.Wood, D.A.Clayton & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne moultonii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne multiflora'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne muluensis'' J.J.Wood
* ''Coelogyne naja'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne nervosa'' A.Rich.
* ''Coelogyne nitida'' (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.
* ''Coelogyne obtusifolia'' Carr
* '' Coelogyne occultata'' Hook.f.
** ''Coelogyne occultata'' var. ''occultata''
** ''Coelogyne occultata'' var. ''uniflora'' N.P.Balakr.
* '' Coelogyne odoardoi'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne odoratissima'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne ovalis'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne palawanensis'' Ames
* ''Coelogyne pandurata'' Lindl. : Black Orchid
* '' Coelogyne papillosa'' Ridl. ex Stapf.
* '' Coelogyne parishii'' Hook.f.
* ''Coelogyne peltastes'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne pempahisheyana'' H.J.Chowdhery
* '' Coelogyne pendula'' Summerh. ex Perry
* '' Coelogyne pholidotoides'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne picta'' Schltr.
* ''Coelogyne planiscapa'' Carr.
** ''Coelogyne planiscapa'' var. ''grandis'' Carr.
** ''Coelogyne planiscapa'' var. ''planiscapa''
* '' Coelogyne plicatissima'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne prasina'' Ridl.
* ''Coelogyne prolifera'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne pulchella'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne pulverula Teijsm. & Binn.
* '' Coelogyne punctulata'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne punctulata'' f. ''brevifolia'' (Lindl.) S.Das & S.K.Jain
** ''Coelogyne punctulata'' f. ''punctulata''
* '' Coelogyne quadratiloba'' Gagnep.
* '' Coelogyne quinquelamellata'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne radicosa'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne radioferens'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne raizadae'' S.K.Jain & S.Das.
* '' Coelogyne remediosae'' Ames & Quisumb.
* '' Coelogyne renae'' Gravend. & de Vogel.
* ''Coelogyne rhabdobulbon'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne rigida'' C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne rigidiformis'' Ames & C.Schweinf.
* '' Coelogyne rochussenii'' de Vriese
* '' Coelogyne rumphii'' Lindl.
* ''Coelogyne rupicola'' Carr.
* '' Coelogyne salmonicolor'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne sanderae'' Kraenzl. ex O'Brien
* ''Coelogyne sanderiana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne schilleriana'' Rchb.f. & K.Koch.
* '' Coelogyne schultesii'' S.K.Jain & S.Das.
* '' Coelogyne septemcostata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne sparsa'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne speciosa'' (Blume) Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''fimbriata'' (J.J.Sm.) Gravend.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''incarnata'' Gravend.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''speciosa''
* '' Coelogyne squamulosa'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne steenisii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne stenobulbum'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne stenochila'' Hook.f.
* ''Coelogyne stricta'' (D.Don) Schltr.
* ''Coelogyne suaveolens'' (Lindl.) Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne susanae'' P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis
* '' Coelogyne swaniana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne tenasserimensis'' Seidenf.
* '' Coelogyne tenompokensis'' Carr.
* '' Coelogyne tenuis'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne testacea'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne tiomanensis'' M.R.Hend.
* ''Coelogyne tomentosa'' Lindl. : Necklace Orchid
* '' Coelogyne tommii'' Gravend. & P.O'Byrne
* '' Coelogyne trilobulata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne trinervis'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne triplicatula'' Rchb.f.
* ''Coelogyne triuncialis'' P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
* ''Coelogyne tumida'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne undatialata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne usitana'' Roeth & O.Gruss.
* '' Coelogyne ustulata'' C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
* ''Coelogyne vanoverberghii'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne veitchii'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne velutina'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne venusta'' Rolfe
* ''Coelogyne vermicularis'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne verrucosa'' S.E.C.Sierra
* ''Coelogyne virescens'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne viscosa'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne weixiensis'' X.H.Jin (2005)
* '' Coelogyne xyrekes'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne yiii'' Schuit. & de Vogel
* ''Coelogyne zhenkangensis'' S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang
* '' Coelogyne zurowetzii'' Carr

Hybrids

''Coelogyne'' hybrids include:
*''Coelogyne'' Memoria W. Micholitz (''C. mooreana'' × ''C. lawrenceana'')
*''Coelogyne'' Linda Buckley (''C. mooreana'' × ''C. cristata'')
*''Coelogyne'' Burfordiense (''C. pandurata'' × ''C. asperata'').
*''Coelogyne'' South Carolina (''C. pandurata'' × ''C. burfordiense''), sometimes called "the black orchid" because of the black coloration of the heavily patterned and structured lip.

Cultivation

The wide distribution of this genus has resulted in a wide variety of temperature requirements from species to species, some requiring cool to cold conditions to grow and bloom reliably, while others need decidedly warmer temperatures to achieve the same.

The orchids in this genus require a decided rest period during winter in which they receive no feed, very little water (enough to prevent pseudobulbs shrivelling), cool to cold temperatures and high light. These conditions seem to aid flowering in spring for some growers, though others report that more constant conditions can also produce regular flowering.

References

Further reading

* Teuscher, H. 1976. ''Coelogyne and Pleione''. American Orchid Society Bulletin 45(8):688.

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2206870

Arethuseae genera
Epiphytic orchids