Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of
cod
Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus '' Gadus'', belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gadus'' is commonly not call ...
-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in
tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in
the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...
and
subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...
waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches only in length.
Etymology
Their scientific name is from
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
''bregma'' meaning the top of the head, and ''keras'' meaning "horn"; this refers to their occipital ray (a spine emerging from the top of the head).
Fossil record
Fossils of ''Bregmaceros'' are found from the
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
to the
Quaternary
The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.58 million years ...
(age range: from 37.2 to 0.0 million years ago.). They are known from various localities in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
,
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
and
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...
.
Species
Currently, 14 species in this genus are recognized:
* ''
Bregmaceros arabicus
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
D'Ancona & Cavinato, 1965
* ''
Bregmaceros atlanticus
The antenna codlet, ''Bregmaceros atlanticus'', is a species of codlet found in the subtropical zones of the oceans. This species grows to in total length
Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomi ...
''
Goode & Bean
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food. They can be cooked in many different ways, including boiling, frying, and baking, and are used in many traditional dishes th ...
, 1886 (antenna codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros bathymaster
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros cantori
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
Milliken & Houde, 1984 (striped codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros cayorum
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
Nichols Nichols may refer to:
People
*Nichols (surname)
*Nichol, a surname
Places Canada
* Nichols Islands, Nunavut
United States
* Nichols, California, an unincorporated community
* Nichols Canyon, Los Angeles, California
* Nichols, Connecticut
* Nich ...
, 1952
* ''
Bregmaceros houdei
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
Saksena & Richards
Richards may refer to:
*Richards (surname)
In places:
* Richards, New South Wales, Australia
* Richards, Missouri, United States
* Richards, Texas, United States
In other uses:
* Richards (lunar crater)
Richards is a small lunar impact crate ...
, 1986 (stellate codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros japonicus
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
S. Tanaka (I), 1908 (Japanese codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros lanceolatus
Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus ''Bregmaceros'' found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, ''B. lanceolatus'', reaches on ...
''
S. C. Shen, 1960
* ''
Bregmaceros mcclellandi''
W. Thompson, 1840 (spotted codlet, Macclelland's unicorn-cod, unicorn cod)
* ''
Bregmaceros nectabanus''
Whitley, 1941 (smallscale codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros neonectabanus''
S. Masuda, Ozawa Ozawa (written: or lit. "small swamp") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Eitaro Ozawa (1909-1988), Japanese actor
*Ichirō Ozawa (born 1942), Japanese politician
*Hideaki Ozawa (born 1974), Japanese football goalkee ...
& Tabeta, 1986
* ''
Bregmaceros pescadorus''
S. C. Shen, 1960
* ''
Bregmaceros pseudolanceolatus''
Torii
A is a traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, where it symbolically marks the transition from the mundane to the sacred.
The presence of a ''torii'' at the entrance is usually the simplest ...
, Javonillo & Ozawa Ozawa (written: or lit. "small swamp") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*Eitaro Ozawa (1909-1988), Japanese actor
*Ichirō Ozawa (born 1942), Japanese politician
*Hideaki Ozawa (born 1974), Japanese football goalkee ...
, 2004 (false lance codlet)
* ''
Bregmaceros rarisquamosus''
Munro
A Munro () is defined as a mountain in Scotland with a height over , and which is on the Scottish Mountaineering Club (SMC) official list of Munros; there is no explicit topographical prominence requirement. The best known Munro is Ben Nevis ...
, 1950 (big-eye unicorn-cod)
References
*
Bregmacerotidae
{{Gadiformes-stub