Code page 37 (
CCSID 37; label ),
known as "USA/Canada - CECP", is an
EBCDIC code page used on IBM mainframes. It
encodes the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire of graphic characters.
Code page 37 is one of the most-used and best-supported EBCDIC code pages. It is used as the default
z/OS code page in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
and other English speaking countries.
It is considered the "required" EBCDIC code page for the United States,
and also used in
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
,
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...
, the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
,
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
and
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
, and on
ESA/390
The IBM System/390 is a discontinued mainframe product family implementing the ESA/390, the fifth generation of the System/360 instruction set architecture. The first computers to use the ESA/390 were the Enterprise System/9000 (ES/9000) ...
systems in
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
,
but not on Canadian
AS/400
The IBM AS/400 (Application System/400) is a family of midrange computers from IBM announced in June 1988 and released in August 1988. It was the successor to the System/36 and System/38 platforms, and ran the OS/400 operating system. Lower-cost ...
systems, which use
Code page 500
Code page 37 (CCSID 37; label ), known as "USA/Canada - CECP", is an EBCDIC code page used on IBM mainframes. It encodes the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire of graphic characters.
Code page 37 is one of the most-used and best-supported EBCDIC code pag ...
instead.
It is one of four EBCDIC code pages (alongside 500, 875 and 1026) with mapping data supplied by
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...
to the
Unicode Consortium
The Unicode Consortium (legally Unicode, Inc.) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization incorporated and based in Mountain View, California. Its primary purpose is to maintain and publish the Unicode Standard which was developed with the intenti ...
, and one of seven (alongside 273, 424, 500, 875, 1026 and
1140
Year 1140 ( MCXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
* Spring – King Fulk of Jerusalem confronts Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler ('' atabeg'') ...
) supported by
Python
Python may refer to:
Snakes
* Pythonidae, a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia
** ''Python'' (genus), a genus of Pythonidae found in Africa and Asia
* Python (mythology), a mythical serpent
Computing
* Python (pro ...
as standard.
Character set
Code page 37 exists in two versions:
a "base character set" or "DP94" version (GCSGID 101 with CPGID 37, or CCSID 8229), containing only 94 graphical characters,
and a "CECP" (Country Extended Code Page) version (GCSGID 697 with CPGID 37, or CCSID 37) with expansions to support the entire ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire.
Code page translation
Since CP 037 contains all of the standard Latin-1 characters, it is possible to translate the character codes from the CP 037 charset to
ISO 8859-1
ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998, ''Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1'', is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings, first edition published in 1 ...
character codes, so that translation back to the CP 037 charset is an exact value-preserving
round-trip conversion. Likewise, half of the
control character codes can be translated into their exact
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...
equivalents. If the remaining
EBCDIC-only control characters are translated (arbitrarily) into the remaining unused ASCII codes points (hex 80 to 9F) as well, the resulting translation covers all of the 256 character code points. Such a translation table is shown below:
:::
Variants and relation to other code pages
Several other code pages exist, which amount to code page 37 with a few characters swapped. In particular, code page 37 encodes the
hard brackets () at BA and BB, while other variants use other encodings for the hard brackets. For example, code page 1047 is a variant used by the
MVS
Multiple Virtual Storage, more commonly called MVS, was the most commonly used operating system on the System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers. IBM developed MVS, along with OS/VS1 and SVS, as a successor to OS/360. It is unrelated ...
Open Systems compiler.
It differs from code page 37 in six positions: and switch places, as do and , placing the hard brackets at AD and BD; the caret and not sign also switch places This encoding of the brackets was inherited from the 3270 display system.
Although IBM intends code page 1047 to be used to fulfil specific requirements only, and not as a replacement for code pages 37 and 500,
the subset of code page 1047 encoding the
ASCII
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of ...
repertoire was used for the single-byte graphical codes in
UTF-EBCDIC
UTF-EBCDIC is a character encoding capable of encoding all 1,112,064 valid character code points in Unicode using one to five one-byte (8-bit) code units (in contrast to a maximum of four for UTF-8). It is meant to be EBCDIC-friendly, so that legac ...
.
A hybrid of code pages 37 and 1047 used in combination with
code page 310
The programming language APL uses a number of symbols, rather than words from natural language, to identify operations, similarly to mathematical symbols. Prior to the wide adoption of Unicode, a number of special-purpose EBCDIC and non-EBCDIC c ...
on the 3279 system has been acknowledged by
SHARE, but not officially designated as a code page by IBM, and is sometimes referred to as code page 37-2 by
transcoding
Transcoding is the direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another, such as for video data files, audio files (e.g., MP3, WAV), or character encoding (e.g., UTF-8, ISO/IEC 8859). This is usually done in cases where a target devic ...
software.
It mostly matches code page 1047, except that the caret and the not sign are inverted to match code page 37.
Code page 500, known as "International EBCDIC",
"International Latin-1" or "International Number 5",
is the other major EBCDIC encoding for the ISO/IEC 8859-1 repertoire. It is used in
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
,
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
and on
AS/400
The IBM AS/400 (Application System/400) is a family of midrange computers from IBM announced in June 1988 and released in August 1988. It was the successor to the System/36 and System/38 platforms, and ran the OS/400 operating system. Lower-cost ...
systems in
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
.
It is related to code page 37 and has the same repertoire, but differs in seven positions; in particular, it encodes and at 4A and 5A respectively, which are used for the
cent sign
The cent is a monetary unit of many national currencies that equals of the basic monetary unit.
Etymologically, the word 'cent' derives from the Latin word meaning hundred.
The cent sign is commonly a simple minuscule (lower case) letter . ...
() and
exclamation point () in code page 37. The caret () is also encoded at 5F, similarly to code page 1047. The is encoded at B0, the at BA, the at 4F and the
pipe character (
,
) at BB. Code page 500 is in turn related to the German code page 273, which swaps several character pairs in a manner corresponding to the differences between
DRV8 and ISO/IEC 8859-1, resulting in placement of the hard brackets at 63 and FC.
A variant of code page 37 with the
euro sign
The euro sign () is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the eurozone and unilaterally adopted by Kosovo and Montenegro. The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. It consists ...
() character added at the 9F
hex position, replacing the
universal currency sign
The currency sign is a character used to denote an unspecified currency. It can be described as a circle the size of a lowercase character with four short radiating arms at 45° (NE), 135° (SE), 225° (SW) and 315° (NW). It is raised slightly ...
() is code page 1140. Similarly, code page 1148 makes the same change to code page 500, and code page 1141 does so to code page 273.
An EBCDIC code page with the
ISO/IEC 8859-15 repertoire, including the euro sign, is code page 924; this is related to code page 1047 but with the ISO/IEC 8859-1 characters replaced with their ISO/IEC 8859-15 replacements, with ¢ and ¬ moved to their code page 500 locations at B0
hex and BA
hex respectively, and with Ý moved to 4A
hex.
See also
*
EBCDIC
References
External links
Longpela ASCII - EBCDIC 37 code converter
{{Character encoding
IBM mainframe operating systems
EBCDIC code pages