![Houghton HEW 14](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Houghton_HEW_14.7.6_-_Habit_of_an_Ottawa_an_Indian_Nation_of_N._America%2C_1757.jpg)
Cobmoosa (1768 - 1866), or Weebmossa meaning "Great Walker",
was an
Odawa
The Odawa (also Ottawa or Odaawaa ), said to mean "traders", are an Indigenous American ethnic group who primarily inhabit land in the Eastern Woodlands region, commonly known as the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. They ha ...
leader
who lived in a Native American village at the mouth of the
Flat River at the present-day city of
Lowell, Michigan
Lowell is a city in Kent County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,783 at the 2010 census.
Lowell is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is about east of the city of Grand Rapids. The city is mostly surrounded by ...
until 1858.
From the mid-1830s, there was a wave of white people wanting to settle in Michigan. At that time, much of the land was the ancestral homeland of several Native American tribes. The federal government negotiated with the state's tribal leaders beginning in 1836, but were unable to secure a viable treaty to relocate them. Cobmoosa was one of 54 Odawa and
Chippewa leaders involved in the successful negotiations of the 1855 Treaty of Detroit, where Odawa and Chippewa people stayed in Michigan, rather than relocating to Kansas as the government had negotiated with some, but not all, of the leaders in 1836. As a result of the 1855 treaty, Cobmoosa's tribe relocated from its ancestral lands to
Elbridge Township in
Oceana County, Michigan
Oceana County ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 26,659. The county seat is Hart. Long known as part of the large Ojibwe territory, the county was founded by European Americans in 18 ...
. There was compensation for the tribal chiefs and headmen, but most of the approximately $540,000 in cash and goods went to white "friends" involved in the negotiation process.
Cobmoosa lived 98 years and spent his last years in a log cabin that had been built by the government along Cobmoosa Lake. He was known for his eloquence and majestic walk and manner. The poem ''Cobmoosa's Lament'' was written in his memory, the town of Cobmoosa was named for him, and a stone monument was erected in his honor in
Hart, Michigan
Hart is a city and county seat of Oceana County, Michigan The population was 2,126 at the time of the 2010 census. The city is located within Hart Township, but is politically independent.
Hart is also home to the north end of the Hart-Montagu ...
.
Early and family life
Cobmoosa was born in 1768 at a Rapids of Grand River village.
He is believed to be the son of
Antoine Campau and his wife, who was said to have been the daughter of an Odawa chief.
Cobmoosa said of his father, a Frenchman from Montreal named Antoine, "At an early period of the Revolution my father espoused the cause of liberty with the Americans and remained firm to the end."
He grew into a tall man, with "long strides."
He had four
to six wives, three of whom were the daughters of his fellow leader
Wabiwindego.
Cobmoosa had three daughters: Ne-gance, Mrs. Cub-as-ka and Mrs. Ne-gak. His sons were Henry, Antoine, and James.
Ojibwe chief
![Flat River Map US MI](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Flat_River_Map_US_MI.svg)
Cobmoosa was well-respected among the natives of the Grand River Valley
and was generally known for his eloquence and majestic presence.
He lived in an Odawa village near the mouth of the
Flat River,
where the current town of
Lowell, Michigan
Lowell is a city in Kent County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,783 at the 2010 census.
Lowell is part of the Grand Rapids metropolitan area and is about east of the city of Grand Rapids. The city is mostly surrounded by ...
is located.
Cobmoosa was the second-in-command of the Flat River
band
Band or BAND may refer to:
Places
*Bánd, a village in Hungary
*Band, Iran, a village in Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
* Band, Mureș, a commune in Romania
*Band-e Majid Khan, a village in Bukan County, West Azerbaijan Province, I ...
s of Native Americans in 1833. That year, the village of Ionia was founded by 63 people from Eastern New York and needed a place to live while they built their log cabins. Cobmoosa's village moved about three miles away to another place along the river and the newcomers took over Cobmoosa's village after they bought the tribe's
wigwam
A wigwam, wickiup, wetu (Wampanoag), or wiigiwaam (Ojibwe, in syllabics: ) is a semi-permanent domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American tribes and First Nations people and still used for ceremonial events. The term ''wickiup'' ...
s.
Merchant
Cobmoosa operated a trading post at the mouth of the Flat River.
Over time, he came to be known as a man of "sterling character" and "great dignity".
Cobmoosa moved into a house in Lowell, where he lived with his wife, Sophia. On Main Street, he operated a grocery store.
Treaty of 1855
More white settlers moved into the area over the next several years and there was pressure to make a treaty for Native American land.
Cobmoosa was among those who went with 24 Ottawa and Chippewa leaders to Washington, D.C. to negotiate a treaty with the president. The federal government wanted the tribes to relinquish all land north of the Grand River.
He attended the negotiations, but was not one of the signers of the treaty.
The treaty of 1836 was not abided once the tribes learned that they were required to relocate to Kansas, which was a problem due to the distance and change in habitat. The treaty then was renegotiated for members of the Ottawa and Chippewa tribes to relocate to
Oceana and
Mason Counties in Michigan.
In 1855, Cobmoosa signed the Treaty of Detroit with the federal government which meant that his tribe would relocate to
Oceana County, Michigan
Oceana County ( ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 26,659. The county seat is Hart. Long known as part of the large Ojibwe territory, the county was founded by European Americans in 18 ...
.
The treaty was signed by 54 other leaders of Odawa and Chippewa tribes in Detroit.
In exchange for their ancestral lands, roughly $540,000 in cash and goods were split among all of the represented tribes.
It was to be paid out over 10 years.
Much of it went to white friends, like Cobmoosa's uncle
Louis Campau
Louis Campau (August 11, 1791 – April 13, 1871), also spelled Louis Campeau, was an important figure in the early settlement of Saginaw and Grand Rapids - two important Michigan cities in which he had established trading posts. Campau was also i ...
; $500 went to the chiefs and $100 to headmen.
Cobmoosa's people relocated to Elbridge Township. The government built a log cabin for him in
Cobmoosa, Michigan Cobmoosa was a location in Oceana County, Michigan. It was named for Cobmoosa, the Odawa leader who the federal government built a log cabin for here in 1858 during the relocation of the Odawa here from Ionia County, Michigan.
There was a store o ...
and he along with 1300 others were relocated by 1858.
Reluctant to move to the reservation in
Elbridge Township, Michigan
Elbridge Township is a civil township of Oceana County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,233 at the 2000 census.
History
Elbridge Township was part of the Ottawa Indian Reservation created by treaty in 1855. The township was o ...
, he waited until all of the tribe had relocated and stayed near the graves of his forefathers as long as he could.
He did, though, make trips to Oceana County to be with members of his tribe.
Later years and death
Cobmoosa's cabin was located on 80 acres allotted to him in Oceana County along
Cobmoosa Lake,
about three miles west of the Cobmoosa post office.
He lived at his cabin with one of this daughters and her husband, Joe Bailey. He also lived part of the time with another daughter Wassia and her husband Jerome Ne-gake, who had a farm across the lake from his cabin.
He died at 98 years of age in 1866
and was buried in
Elbridge Township, Michigan
Elbridge Township is a civil township of Oceana County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,233 at the 2000 census.
History
Elbridge Township was part of the Ottawa Indian Reservation created by treaty in 1855. The township was o ...
on a knoll near his cabin.
A monument was erected to Cobmoosa at the location of the initial schoolhouse that had been built by the government. The
Daughters of the American Revolution
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence.
A non-profit group, they promote ...
's Ionia chapter had the monument created with the inscription: "Ottawa Indian Chief and Great Speaker of the Tribe. Born at the Rapids of the Grand River, 1768. Died on this reservation, 1866."
Legacy
''Cobmoosa's Lament'' was written in memory of the chief by Alden Jewell of Grand Rapids. It was published in an article by Lewis Bates in 1854 in the ''Grand Rapids Eagle''. The "Cobmoosa Stone", a stone monument in his honor at
Hart, Michigan
Hart is a city and county seat of Oceana County, Michigan The population was 2,126 at the time of the 2010 census. The city is located within Hart Township, but is politically independent.
Hart is also home to the north end of the Hart-Montagu ...
, was dedicated by the
Daughters of the American Revolution
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence.
A non-profit group, they promote ...
's Ionia chapter in 1927. He was recognized in part for his role in the Treaty of Detroit of 1855 that required the Odawa people to move to Mason and Oceana counties of Michigan.
A commemorative monument was erected at the Ionia Fairgrounds by the local chapter of the
Daughters of the American Revolution
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence.
A non-profit group, they promote ...
in 1922. The plaque says that Cobmoosa's band lived in a seasonal village near the present town of Ionia.
Notes
References
{{reflist
Further reading
History of Cobmoosa Kent County, Michigan genealogy site
1768 births
1866 deaths
Odawa people
Campau family
People from Lowell, Michigan
Native American people from Michigan