Coastal Strawberry on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
''Fragaria chiloensis'', the beach strawberry, Chilean strawberry, or coastal strawberry, is one of two species of wild strawberry that were hybridized to create the modern garden strawberry (''F. × ananassa''). It is native to the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America.
There are a number of subspecies and forms:
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''chiloensis''
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''patagonica'' ( Argentina, Chile)
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''lucida'' (E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt (coast of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''pacifica''
The plant's natural range is the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America, and also Hawaii, where it grows mostly on sand beaches above the tidal zone in temperate to warm-temperate regions. Migratory birds are thought to have dispersed ''F. chiloensis'' from the Pacific coast of North America to the mountains of Hawaii, Chile, and Argentina.
Amédée-François Frézier (1682–1773) was the first to bring back specimens of the species to the
Jepson Manual Treatment – ''Fragaria chiloensis''
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q149467 chiloensis Berries Flora of the West Coast of the United States Flora of Alaska Flora of Argentina Flora of British Columbia Flora of southern Chile Flora of Hawaii Garden plants of North America Garden plants of South America Groundcovers Taxa named by Philip Miller Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Description
It is an evergreen plant growing to 15–30 centimetres (6–12 inches) tall. The relatively thickleaves
A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...
are glossy green and trifoliate, each leaflet around 5 cm (2 in) long. The flowers are white, produced in spring and early summer. The fruit, a strawberry
The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; ''Fragaria × ananassa'') is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus '' Fragaria'', collectively known as the strawberries, which are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. The fruit is widely ap ...
, is edible, red on the surface and white inside.
Genetics
All strawberries have a basehaploid
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively ...
count of 7 chromosomes. ''F. chiloensis'' is octoploid, having eight sets of these chromosomes for a total of 56. These eight genomes pair as four distinct sets, of two different types, with little or no pairing between sets. The genome composition of the octoploid strawberry species has generally been indicated as AAA'A'BBB'B'. The genomes were likely contributed by diploid ancestors related to '' F. vesca'' or similar species, while the genomes seem to descend from a close relative of '' F. iinumae''. The exact process of hybridization and speciation which resulted in the octoploid species is still unknown, but it appears that the genome compositions of both ''F. chiloensis'' and '' F. virginiana'' (and by extension the cultivated octoploid strawberry as well) are identical.
Subspecies
There are a number of subspecies and forms:
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''chiloensis''
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''chiloensis'' forma ''patagonica'' ( Argentina, Chile)
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''lucida'' (E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt (coast of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''pacifica'' Staudt
Staudt is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a community belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'' – in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Geography
The municipal area lies at elevations from 260 to 285 m above sea level. The community ...
(coast of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California)
* ''Fragaria chiloensis'' subsp. ''sandwicensis'' ( Decne.) Staudt – ''ʻŌhelo papa'' ( Hawaii)
Distribution and habitat
The plant's natural range is the Pacific Ocean coasts of North and South America, and also Hawaii, where it grows mostly on sand beaches above the tidal zone in temperate to warm-temperate regions. Migratory birds are thought to have dispersed ''F. chiloensis'' from the Pacific coast of North America to the mountains of Hawaii, Chile, and Argentina.
Amédée-François Frézier (1682–1773) was the first to bring back specimens of the species to the Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...
.
Ecology
'' Chaetosiphon fragaefolii'', the strawberry aphid, is a bug species found feed on ''F. chiloensis'' in Chile. It is a vector of thestrawberry mild yellow-edge virus
Strawberry mild yellow-edge virus (SMYEV) is a pathogenic plant virus.
Transmission
The virus is transmitted by aphid species in the genus '' Chaetosiphon'', mainly '' C. fragaefolii'', '' C. thomasi'', ''C. thomasi jacobi''. The virus cannot b ...
.
Uses
Its fruit is sold as a local delicacy in some South American produce markets.References
External links
* * *Jepson Manual Treatment – ''Fragaria chiloensis''
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q149467 chiloensis Berries Flora of the West Coast of the United States Flora of Alaska Flora of Argentina Flora of British Columbia Flora of southern Chile Flora of Hawaii Garden plants of North America Garden plants of South America Groundcovers Taxa named by Philip Miller Flora without expected TNC conservation status