The 1896 A. C. KREBS system car
"''since we know that three points are enough to determine a plane.''"
"''To these sides '' f the frame of the car' I fix or suspend at three points provided with pivoted joints, the motor mechanism which is thereby placed out of the influence of the deformations to which the frame of the car is liable to be subjected during the motion.''"* The electromagnetic constant mesh gear box
"''I had imagined this arrangement to avoid the brutal shocks that the gears undergo when changing gear, a solution that seemed barbaric to me.''"* The speed shifting at the steering device
"''For the purpose of operating the electro-magnetic clutch, I employ a commutator arranged preferably under the handle bar and adapted to be operated in such a manner as to establish, according to five different positions, the electrical connections that correspond respectively to: rest ; forward movement at low speed ; forward movement at medium speed ; forward movement at high speed ; and movement in the rearward direction.''"* The damped steering and the rack and pinion steering gear
"''Upon the turntable of the fore-carriage is fixed a toothed sector in which engages a pinion mounted on the upper turntable and whose axle carries a toothed wheel situated in a box connected by two tubes to the box of the car. A second toothed wheel mounted on the steering spindle is connected to the first one by means of a chain passing through thses two tubes. Elastic rods, consisting for example of coiled springs, are substituted for the links of the chain in the straightportions of the said tuges. By this means the chain is always taut and the springs neutralize the vibrations transmitted to the chain by the jolting of the fore-carriage and so prevent the said vibrations from being transmitted to the steering spindle.''"* The forward (positive)
"''To ensure the stability of direction by the means of a special arrangement of the fore-carriage, that is to say, to re-establish automatically the parallélism of the two axles of the vehicle when there is no tendancy to keep them in any other direction, or after a temporary effort has caused them to diverge from said parallélism ; ..The axle of the fore-carriage is situated behind the projection of the axis of the pivot pin in order to ensure the stability of direction above referred to [of a quantity which can vary from 1/7 to 1/8 of the distance which separates the points of contact of the two front wheels with the ground.''"* The metallic wheel hub system
Levassor to Krebs: "''You would kindly give us permission to use your wheel hub system for which, since you say it is very good, it might be worth patenting.''"* Aesthetic
"''The car of Commander Krebs, resulting from very personal and new ideas, has a particular and original aspect. We will add that this aspect is very satisfying and more elegant than any car that we have been allowed to see so far.''"
The 1898 ''Voiture Clément-Panhard'' (VCP) model
"''One may wonder why this arrangement, generally considered defective for high-speed cars, was adopted for this cart. This is due to the fact that the manufacturer had above all in view to establish a car of a moderate price, essentially maneuverable, able to make turns on the spot and never having to exceed the speed of 30 kilometers per hour. Under these conditions the steering by rigid axle was perfectly admissible.''": - Apply the
"''The swivel pin extending up from the front, axle for carrying the front end of the vehicle body, is connected to the axle spring by a bracket pivoted horizontally to the spring, and the swivel pin is slightly inclined backward at its upper end so that a downward extension of its axial line will pass at a slight angle in front of the wheel axle. By this arrangement when the front axle has been turned more or less out of its position parallel with the rear axle for lateral steering or turning, and is then released, it will, automatically move-back into the parallel position.''"* The metallic wheel hub system A. C. KREBS generalizes his metallic wheel hub system to the entire Panhard & Levassor range. * Aesthetic
Mr. de Nève said of his VCP in 1950: "''It's a small Duke Clément-Panhard of 3 hp. A low, open, two-seater car, engine in the back, well made to show off, with a lady by its side.''"* The Krebs cone clutch The Levassor cone clutch improved by A. C. KREBS (see patent above). * Engine regulation on admission A. C. KREBS introduce the Engine regulation on admission, instead of the exhaust (see patent above). * 1899 – The constant level carburetor
Engine
Chassis and body
Steel tubing was welded for the chassis, allowing it to be kept light yet strong. The suspension consists of a front transverse leaf spring, which accommodates the vertical steering pin and rotates with the complete front axle when steering, and a pair of longitudinally arranged elliptic springs on the rear axle. At first there was only a two-seater body as Phaeton. In 1900 variants were added that had a narrow rear-facing seat, making it a three-seater in a Glossary of French words and expressions in English#V, vis-Ã -vis arrangement. The vehicle weighs 350 kg and 30 km/h is the maximum speed. The first bodies were made of the aluminum alloy called "Partinium".Steering
The driver sits on the right and steers using a steering wheel. Instead of Ackermann steering A. C. KREBS chose center-pivot steering operated by a gear wheel at the lower end of the steering column and a rack. The device worked satisfactorily on this light and lightly motorized car (see above).Production
Estimates are from around 500 to around 600 vehicles produced. The first production car was given the engine number 101. Production may have officially ended in 1902, but it cannot be ruled out that a few more copies were made from existing parts by 1903. Stirling Motor Carriages ofNew VCP 1901 models
"''The ignition advance lever makes it possible to obtain all the speeds between two speeds of the gear change by suitably varying the engine speed.''"
/blockquote> * A. C. KREBS irreversible worm gear steering and Ackermann system
* Front suspension with two tweezer springs
* Detachable gearbox locks
The Stirling Motor VCP models
From 1901 John Stirling buys Clément-Panhard chassis to sell them in many countries with his own bodies. To prove the robustness of the Clément-Panhards, in July 1901 John Stirling broke the record for crossing the United Kingdom from John-O'-Groat's to Land's End in 59 hours and 15 minutes
File:1901 VCP=Stirling Parisian Phaeton.png, 1901 – VCP Stirling: Parisian Phaeton. File:1901 VCP=Stirling delivery van.png, 1901 – VCP Stirling: delivery van. File:1901 VCP=Stirling miniature brougham.png, 1901 – VCP Stirling: miniature brougham File:1901 VCP=Stirling light dogcart.png, 1901 – VCP Stirling: light dogcart. File:MHV Stirling light dog-cart 1901.jpg, 1901 - Stirling light dog-cart.
Technological analogies between the VCP (1898) and th
FORD N
(1906)File:Clement-Panhard Phaeton VGP (1900) jm63702.jpg, 1900 - Clément-Panhard (VCP) Phaeton. File:Ford N.jpg, 1906 - Ford model N. It should be noted the many similarities in principle between the Clément-Panhard car of 1898 (see above) and the Ford Model N, Ford model N of 1906, forerunner of the Ford model T: * Intended for the general public; * Solid and safe; * Generalization of the suspension by 3 points and triangulations; * Transverse spring on the front axle, so the VCP waddles as does the Ford T; * A quasi-automatic gearbox etc. Also the use of vanadium steel by Ford comes from a Panhard & Levassor racing car that crashed during a race in America.
The surviving and famous VCP cars
File:1900 Clement-Panhard Phaeton VCP, 765cc 3,5cv 35kmh (inv 1901) photo 2.jpg, Side view of the 1900 Clément-Panhard Phaeton (VCP), 765cc 3,5cv, achieving a top speed of 35kmh. File:1900 Clement-Panhard Phaeton VCP, 765cc 3,5cv 35kmh (inv 1901) photo 5.jpg, The 1900 Clément-Panhard Phaeton (VCP). File:1900 Clement-Panhard Phaeton VCP, 765cc 3,5cv 35kmh (inv 1901) photo 6.jpg, Front view of the 1900 Clément-Panhard Phaeton (VCP). According to a website specializing in this model, 17 vehicles still exist.
Documentation
* Bernard Vermeylen: ''Panhard & Levassor. Entre tradition et modernité.'' E-T-A-I, Boulogne-Billancourt 2005, ISBN 2-7268-9406-2.
References
External links
* 1901 â€
1898 and 1901 VCP versions exposed at the Clément stand
at the Paris Motor Show. Panhard-Levassor Light Two-Passenger Car. * 1901 â€
The Stirling cars: The light car DE LUXE, The "''John O' Groater''".
* 1901 â€
"''The record for crossing England from the North to the South West, from John O' Groats to Land's End, has just been beaten by M. J. Stirling. Leaving on July 30 in the morning from John O' Groats, he arrived 59 hours later at Land's End which is 847 miles from the start.''"
* 1901 â€
Automobiles in the Glasgow International Exposition: Stirling Parisian Phaeton
* 1902 â€
The Stirling Miniature Brouham, the 1902 Stirling Light Dogcart.
* 1902 â€
The Stirling Light Delivery van: "''Simple, Reliable, Attractive, Economical, Expeditious.''" – The Stirling Parisian Phaeton: "''Up-to-date, the fashionable light car, can be driven by a Lady''".
* 1902 â€
The 1902 Stirling Light Dogcart: "''Up-to-date, latest improvements''".
* 1902 â€
"''If you value your life ... don't buy an Experimental or untried car.''"
* 1904 â€
Self-propelled vehicles.
from rbmn.free.fr.
Clément-Panhard on the web
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clement-Panhard Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1898 Companies based in Paris Vintage vehicles Brass Era vehicles Arthur Constantin Krebs