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''Campanula glomerata'', known by the common names clustered bellflower or Dane's blood, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''
''Campanula glomerata'' is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to a height of , with a maximum of . The stem is simple, erect and shortly pubescent, basal leaves are petiolated, oval-lanceolate and lightly heart-shaped ( cordate), while cauline leaves are lanceolate, sessile and '' amplexicaul''. The inflorescence is formed by 15-20 sessile, actinomorphic and
File:Funchal Botanischer Garten - Campanula glomerata IMG 1758.JPG, Funchal: Botanical garden
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-1.JPG,
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-2.JPG,
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-3.JPG,
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-4.JPG, Cauline leaf with a flower in the axil
File:Campanulaceae - Campanula glomerata-5.JPG, Basal leaf
File: Campanula glomerata at Ludwika, Sweden.jpg,
Biolib
Campanula glomerata
USDA Profile
Missouri Botanical Garden
Kew Plant List
{{Taxonbar, from=Q158045 glomerata Flora of France Flora of China Flora of Denmark Flora of Estonia Flora of Germany Flora of Greece Flora of Iran Flora of Iraq Flora of Italy Flora of Japan Flora of Korea Flora of Latvia Flora of Lithuania Flora of Mongolia Flora of Russia Flora of Spain Flora of Turkey Flora of the United Kingdom Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
''Campanula glomerata'', known by the common names clustered bellflower or Dane's blood, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Campanula
''Campanula'' () is one of several genera of flowering plants in the family Campanulaceae commonly known as bellflowers. They take both their common and scientific names from the bell-shaped flowers — ''campanula'' is Latin for "little bell" ...
'', belonging to the family Campanulaceae. It is the county flower of Rutland
Rutland () is a ceremonial county and unitary authority in the East Midlands, England. The county is bounded to the west and north by Leicestershire, to the northeast by Lincolnshire and the southeast by Northamptonshire.
Its greatest len ...
, England.
Etymology
The etymology of this plant is quite intuitive: the genus Latin name (“campanula”), meaning small bell, refers to the bell-shape of the flower, while the specific name (''glomerata'') refers to the tight grouping of the flowers at the top of the stem.Description
''Campanula glomerata'' is a perennial herbaceous plant growing to a height of , with a maximum of . The stem is simple, erect and shortly pubescent, basal leaves are petiolated, oval-lanceolate and lightly heart-shaped ( cordate), while cauline leaves are lanceolate, sessile and '' amplexicaul''. The inflorescence is formed by 15-20 sessile, actinomorphic and hermaphrodite
In reproductive biology, a hermaphrodite () is an organism that has both kinds of reproductive organs and can produce both gametes associated with male and female sexes.
Many Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic groups of animals (mostly invertebrate ...
single flowers of about 2 to 3 cm. They are in terminal racemes or in the axils of upper leaves, surrounded by an involucre of bracts. The corolla is campanulate and pubescent with five dark violet-blue or purplish-blue petals. Flowering period is from June to September.
Distribution and habitat
The species is native to the North Temperate Zone of Eurasia, from Britain to Japan. In Europe it is present almost everywhere except the extreme north. In North America the plant isnaturalized
Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done automatically by a statute, i.e., without any effort on the part of the in ...
.
This plant can be found in forests or dry grasslands, in scrub and open woodland, in grassy but not too wet places, in the edges of woods and along the margins of roads and trails. It prefers calcareous soils, at an altitude up to above sea level.
Subspecies
According to WCSP, 15subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...
are recognized:
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'' - Europe to NW. China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''cervicarioides'' (Schult.) Arcang. (1882) - S. Europe
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''serotina'' (Wettst.) O.Schwarz (1949) - S. Alps
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'' (Rochel ex Besser) Kirschl. (1852) - Alps to E. Europe to Kazakhstan
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''elliptica'' (Kit. ex Schult.) Kirschl. (1851) - Carpathians to C. Italy and Serbia
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''subcapitata'' (Popov) Fed. (1973) - E. Carpathians
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''hispida'' (Witasek) Hayek (1930) - N. Balkan
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
Pen. to Iran
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''caucasica'' (Trautv.) Ogan. (1995) - NE. Turkey to Caucasus
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''oblongifolia'' (K.Koch) Fed. (1972) - E. Turkey to NE. Iran
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''oblongifolioides'' (Galushko) Ogan. (1995) - Caucasus
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''symphytifolia'' (Albov) Ogan. (1995) - W. Transcaucasus
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''panjutinii'' (Kolak.) Victorov (2002) - W. Transcaucasus
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''krylovii'' Olonova (1999) - W. Siberia
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''daqingshanica'' D.Y.Hong & Y.Z.Zhao (1983) - Inner Mongolia
*''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'' (Hornem. ex Spreng.) Domin (1936) - S. Siberia to Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
(Kyushu
is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surroun ...
)
Cultivation
The plant is widely cultivated in gardens, with flowers in a range of colours including white, pink, blue and purple. Numerouscultivars
A cultivar is a type of Horticulture, cultivated plant that people have selected for desired phenotypic trait, traits and when Plant propagation, propagated retain those traits. Methods used to propagate cultivars include: division, root and st ...
have been developed for garden use, including 'Joan Elliott' (with large violet flowers) and the white-flowered 'Schneekrone'. The vigorous cultivar 'Superba', growing to , with rich blue flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit
The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions.
History
The Award of Garden Merit ...
. The pale purple cluster-flowered 'Caroline' has also won the award.
Gallery
Synonyms
*''Campanula aggregata'' Willd. ex Schlecht. (1813) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula cervicarioides'' Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''cervicarioide'') *''Campanula congesta'' Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula farinosa'' Andrz. in Besser (1821) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''aggregata'' (Willd.) Kirschleger (1851) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''cephalotes'' (Fisch. ex Schrank) D.Y.Hong (1983) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' subsp. ''congesta'' (Roemer & Schultes) Schubler & Martens (1834) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''aggregata'' (Willd.) Koch (1846) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''congesta'' (Roemer & Schultes) Rouy (1908) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''glomerata'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''dahurica'' Fisch. ex Ker-Gawl. (1822) ( synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'') *''Campanula glomerata'' var. ''farinosa'' (Andrz.) Koch (1846) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula glaucophylla'' Schlosser & Vukot. (1875) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''farinosa'') *''Campanula speciosa'' Hornem. (1815) (synonym = ''C. glomerata'' subsp. ''speciosa'')References
* Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. II, pag. 682External links
Biolib
Campanula glomerata
USDA Profile
Missouri Botanical Garden
Kew Plant List
{{Taxonbar, from=Q158045 glomerata Flora of France Flora of China Flora of Denmark Flora of Estonia Flora of Germany Flora of Greece Flora of Iran Flora of Iraq Flora of Italy Flora of Japan Flora of Korea Flora of Latvia Flora of Lithuania Flora of Mongolia Flora of Russia Flora of Spain Flora of Turkey Flora of the United Kingdom Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus