Cliotides are a group of related
peptides that have been isolated from the heat-stable fraction of ''
Clitoria ternatea'' (Cliotides) extracts.
Cliotides belong to a larger classification of peptides, the
cyclotides.
Preliminary studies show that cliotides display a variety of biochemical properties which have attracted scientific interest in the possibility of developing antimicrobial and anti-cancer agents from them.
Cliotides display ''
in vitro'' antimicrobial activity against ''
E. coli
''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus ''Escher ...
'', ''
K. pneumoniae
''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It appears as a mucoid lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar.
Although found in the normal flora of the mouth ...
'', and ''
P. aeruginosa P. is an abbreviation or acronym that may refer to:
* Page (paper), where the abbreviation comes from Latin ''pagina''
* Paris Herbarium, at the ''Muséum national d'histoire naturelle''
* ''Pani'' (Polish), translating as Mrs.
* The ''Pacific Repo ...
'' and
cytotoxicity
Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are an immune cell or some types of venom, e.g. from the puff adder (''Bitis arietans'') or brown recluse spider (''Loxosceles reclusa'').
Cell physiology
Treating cells ...
against
HeLa cells.
Cliotides also possess immunostimulating activity. At a concentration of 1 μM, cationic cliotides are capable of augmenting the secretion of various
cytokines and
chemokines in human monocytes at both resting and LPS-stimulated states. Chemokines such as RANTES, MIP-1β, MIP-1α, IP-10, IL-8 and TNF-α were among the most upregulated with up to 129-fold increase in secretion level.
Different cyclotides have
protein sequences which engender different biophysical and functional properties, to be expressed in different organs.
For example, cyclotides from aerial organs possess tighter binding activity to insect-like membranes, whereas cyclotides from roots and seed, two organs that contact soil, have relatively higher effectiveness against juveniles of the model nematode ''Caenorhabditis elegans''.
[ The isolated Cter M cyclotide that is highly expressed in aerial organs was shown to effectively slow the growth and kill moth larvae.
The enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis and backbone cyclization of cliotides has recently been isolated. It was named 1 in accordance with its local name in Malaysia and Singapore (''bunga telang'' ligase). Butelase 1 is the fastest peptide ligase known capable of catalyzing peptide cyclization at an extraordinary efficiency.]
References
{{reflist
Cyclic peptides