Clifton, York
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Clifton is a suburb of
York York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England, with Roman Britain, Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Foss, Foss. It has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a Yor ...
in the
unitary authority A unitary authority is a type of local government, local authority in New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Unitary authorities are responsible for all local government functions within its area or performing additional functions that elsewhere are ...
area of the
City of York The City of York, officially simply "York", is a Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area with City status in the United Kingdom, city status in the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. ...
, in
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in Northern England.The Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas of City of York, York and North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire are in Yorkshire and t ...
, England about miles from the city centre. The A19, passes north out of York through Clifton. The old village area was made a
conservation area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewoo ...
in 1968. Nestle Foods Factory and the Public School of St Peter's and the former Queen Anne's Grammar School are located in Clifton. The name Clifton is derived from the
Old English Old English ( or , or ), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. It developed from the languages brought to Great Britain by Anglo-S ...
pre-7th century ''clif'', meaning a gentle slope, or more usually a riverbank, and ''tun'', an enclosure or settlement.


History

During Roman times a road through Clifton approached the Roman fortress in York from the north-west and headed towards the river crossing. A second road that left the fortress's north-west gate may eventually have joined the other. The evidence from early timber buildings from the museum gardens and early burials from Bootham and Clifton suggest the roads existed from the 1st century. Sporadic 2nd century Roman occupation material and fragments of streets indicate that by that time expansion may have begun in Clifton. This development was not sustained and evidence indicates that from the 3rd century onwards the area beyond St Mary's was given over to cemeteries. Records show Clifton or Lady Windmill existed from the late-14th to the early-19th centuries in Burton Stone Lane. Between 1374 and 1413 it belonged to John de Roucliff. Other owners were Sir William Ingleby in the mid-15th century, and Sir William Robinson in the early-18th century. The last record of the mill being operational was in 1852, but there is no trace of the building now. The district was badly damaged during the
Siege of York The siege of York in 1644 was a prolonged contest for York during the First English Civil War, between the Scottish Covenanter army and the Parliamentarian armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association, and the Royalist Ar ...
. On the street named Clifton, the timber-framed Old Manor House was rebuilt after the siege but is now grade II* listed. Horse racing began in York towards the end of the 17th century. In 1708 the corporation recognised the potential for profit from horse racing and after Clifton landowner, Sir William Robinson, offered his land on Clifton and Rawcliffe Ings as a racecourse and donated £15 a year towards a plate. Following the winter of 1730 racing moved to the recently drained
Knavesmire The Knavesmire is one of a number of large, marshy undeveloped areas within the city of York in North Yorkshire, England, which are collectively known as ''Strays of York, Strays''. Knavesmire, together with Hob Moor, comprises Micklegate Str ...
. The York Diocesan Church Building Society, founded in 1861, contributed to building the parish church between 1867 and 1869.


Governance

Clifton is a ward in the Unitary Authority of the City of York. As of 2015, it is represented by Danny Myers and Margaret Wells, both of whom are members of the local Labour Party. Clifton was a
township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
in the parish of St Olave-Mary-Gate, in 1866 Clifton became a
civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
, in 1894 the parish was abolished and the part in the County Borough of York became Clifton Within and that in the
rural district A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. I ...
became
Clifton Without Clifton Without is a suburb and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of York, North Yorkshire, England. It consists of those parts of Clifton that lie outside, i.e. Without, the (pre-1996) city boundaries and Clifton Moor. I ...
. In 1891 the parish had a population of 7770. Until 1974 Clifton was in the
North Riding of Yorkshire The North Riding of Yorkshire was a subdivision of Yorkshire, England, alongside York, the East Riding and West Riding. The riding's highest point was at Mickle Fell at . From the Restoration it was used as a lieutenancy area, having b ...
.


Demography

The figures below were taken from the Census 2001 Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales, from the Office for National Statistics on 29 April 2001. The population in Clifton Ward was 12,017 of which 91.1% were born in England and 4.9% from outside the United Kingdom. The largest age group, 22.2%, were between 30 and 44 years old. Of the total population, 94.6% described their ethnic origin as White-British. The figures show that 67.8% declared they were Christian, whilst 30.2% declared no religious belief. Of the population aged between 16 and 74 years old, 59.7% declared they were in some form of employment and 10.5% said they were retired. Of the 5,337 households, 21% lived in semi-detached and 57.5% in terraced houses. The level of household ownership was 58%. In 2011, the population of Clifton rose to 13,548 in 5,652 houses.


Geography

Clifton is bounded by the parish of Rawcliffe and
Clifton Without Clifton Without is a suburb and civil parish in the unitary authority area of the City of York, North Yorkshire, England. It consists of those parts of Clifton that lie outside, i.e. Without, the (pre-1996) city boundaries and Clifton Moor. I ...
to the north, Holgate to the south-west, Heworth to the east and Guildhall Ward to the south-east. The Ward boundary runs from the River Ouse in the west, opposite Acomb Landing, along the back of the Homestead Park and York Sports Club and across the A19 following Water Lane and Lilbourne Drive. It continues north-east along the Bur Dike to behind Burton Green Primary School before heading south-east and then east across Bootham Stray, the B1363 and the Nestle Factory to the
River Foss The River Foss is in North Yorkshire, England. It is a tributary of the River Ouse. It rises in the Foss Crooks Woods near Oulston Reservoir close to the village of Yearsley and runs south through the Vale of York to the Ouse in the centre of ...
. The river forms the eastern boundary as far as Diamond Street and Walpole Street, where it heads west and then south to the junction of Clarence Street with the Haxby and Wigginton Roads. It heads west past the York District Hospital and then south along the York to Scarborough Railway Line until it reaches the River Ouse at Scarborough Bridge. The remainder of the boundary follows the river north-west to Acomb Landing.


Economy

Most of the population find employment in the city centre or the many retail and industrial parks on the outskirts of York such as Clifton Moor in the nearby area of Clifton Without. Employment can be found within the ward at the Nestle Foods Factory on Haxby Road, and the York District Hospital on Wigginton Road.


Community

The City of York General Hospital was built by the city corporation in 1938, but was work suspended during the war. The building, comprising half of the intended scheme cost about £100,000, it was opened in 1941 between Huntington Road and Haxby Road. The hospital was next to the Grange and shared facilities, including the nurses' home. The hospital was expanded and renamed York District Hospital in 1977 and from 2010 is now known as The
York Hospital York Hospital is a teaching hospital in York, England. It is managed by York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, an NHS foundation trust, NHS Foundation Trust which also runs several other hospitals in North Yorkshire and ...
. The North Riding Lunatic Asylum joined the
National Health Service The National Health Service (NHS) is the term for the publicly funded health care, publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom: the National Health Service (England), NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care (Northern ...
as Clifton Hospital in 1948 but closed in 1994. Clifton Cinema was built for Mr J Prendergast and Mr Mawson to the designs of Frederick Dyer. It is of Georgian style and the designers were responsible for the Rialto Cinema, now a bingo hall, in Fishergate. The Clifton opened on 17 November 1937 with the film “Edge of the World” starring John Laurie, Finlay Currie and Campbell Robson, directed by Michael Powell. The cinema seated 1,150 in the stalls and balcony. It was equipped with a two manual Compton organ, first played in 1938 but removed in the early 1960s. The Clifton survived longer than many of York's cinemas, but closed on 17 October 1964 with the final film being ''Valley of the Eagle''. As of 2010, it is the home of Clifton Bingo and Social Club.
Bootham Crescent Bootham Crescent in York, England, was the home of York City F.C., York City Football Club and York City Knights, York City Knights rugby league club. With a capacity of 8,256, it was near the city centre, just over a mile from York railway sta ...
, the old home of
York City F.C. York City Football Club is a professional association football club based in the city of York, North Yorkshire, England. The team competes in the National League (division), National League, the fifth level of the English football league syste ...
, was located in Clifton before it was demolished to make way for a housing estate. Homestead Park on Water End has a Youth Hostel in its grounds. The park was given to the people of the city by Seebohm Rowntree, son of Joseph. It is maintained by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. There are council run allotments at Crichton Avenue and Wigginton Terrace, just off Wigginton Road.


Transport

Because the A19 and Clifton Retail Park are within the ward boundary, Clifton is served by many bus routes. As of 2013 they are: * Rawcliffe Bar Park & Ride to the City Centre run by First Transport Group * Clifton Moor to Osbaldwick run by First Transport Group * York to Easingwold via Linton-On-Ouse run by Stephensons of Easingwold Ltd * York to Easingwold via Alne and Tollerton run by Stephensons of Easingwold Ltd * York to Kirbymoorside via Easingwold and Helmsley run by Stephensons of Easingwold Ltd * York to Helmsley run by Stephensons of Easingwold Ltd * City Centre to Skelton via Burton Stone Lane, Leeman Road (Towards City), Bur Dyke Avenue, Brompton Road & Rawcliffe run by Reliance * Askham Bar to University of York via Acomb, Poppleton, Rawcliffe, Clifton Moor, Wigginton, Haxby, New Earswick, Huntington, Monks Cross & Osbaldwick run by Transdev York * York to Thirsk run by Reliance Motor Services


Education

St. Peter's School, an independent, co-educational secondary school was founded in the 7th century, and is the third oldest school in the world. St Peter's was originally the school attached to
York Minster York Minster, formally the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter in York, is an Anglicanism, Anglican cathedral in the city of York, North Yorkshire, England. The minster is the seat of the archbishop of York, the second-highest of ...
. The school is where
Guy Fawkes Guy Fawkes (; 13 April 1570 – 31 January 1606), also known as Guido Fawkes while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics involved in the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605. He was born and educate ...
was educated. Queen Anne Grammar School for Girls began as the Municipal Secondary School for Girls in 1906, located in Brook Street, and was officially recognised as a secondary school in 1908. The Brook Street premises were closed in 1909 and pupils transferred to a new school building, on a -acre site on Queen Anne's Road, Clifton. New classrooms and additional cloakrooms were erected in 1914. The school closed in 2000 and the campus was taken over by St Olave's School, the junior school of St Peter's. Clifton National School for Girls and Infants or Burton Stone Lane School, was opened in 1841. In 1878 the girls were transferred to the new Clifton girls' school and Burton Lane continued as an infants' school until 1892 when they rejoined the girls' school. The Burton Lane School was closed in 1892 and the building demolished. In 1914, additional accommodation for the infants was obtained in the parochial hall in Water Lane and the school itself was used for girls only. By 1932 the school had been reorganised to provide infant accommodation only. The school became a controlled voluntary primary school in 1950 and is known as Burton Green School. Burton Stone Lane County Secondary Modern School was a girls' school, and sometimes known as Water Lane School, was opened in October 1942. The senior girls' department from Shipton Street School was transferred here and formed the nucleus of the school. The building was completed in 1945. As of 2010, it is the council run Burton Stone Community Centre. Burdyke County Primary School in Kingsway North, on the Water Lane estate, was opened in September 1954. It is now Burton Green Primary School. Clifton Green Primary School is now known as Kingsway Junior School. Clifton is in the secondary school catchment area of the Vale of York Academy in Clifton Without.


Religious sites

The Grade II listed St Philip and St James' Church, Clifton, was built between 1866 and 1867 next to Clifton Green, G.F. Jones of York being the architect. The first Methodist society in Clifton met in a cottage in the 1870s and in April 1884 the Avenue Terrace Chapel was opened. A larger chapel on the site of 'Clifton Cottage' was opened in 1909. St Joseph's Catholic Church is located on the roundabout at the northern end of Kingsway North on Burdyke Avenue.


Notable people

* Will Ashton (1881–1963), impressionist artist, born in Clifton * Margaret Jowett (1921–2014), children's writer, lived in Clifton * Derek Pearsall (1931–2021), medieval historian, had a house in Clifton throughout his career and retired there * Robert Renwick (1937−2024), diplomat and author, born in Clifton


References

{{commons category Villages and areas in the City of York Former civil parishes in North Yorkshire