''Clavatula'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s, marine
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Clavatulidae
Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. The family is not well differentiated morphologically.
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family ...
.
Description
In this genus, the shell is fusiform, with a well-produced
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...
. The
whorls
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
are coronated with tubercles or short spines at the suture;. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An opt ...
is oval. The
columella
Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire.
His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the wo ...
r lip is smooth, arcuate, and callous behind. The
outer lip is thin and arcuated, with the anal sinus situated below the sutural coronal. The
operculum is semioval with its nucleus about the middle, on the inner side.
The foot is large, short and obtuse behind. The eyes are placed externally near the extremity of the tentacles. The
radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
contains a small unicuspid central tooth with single sharp laterals (formula :1-1-1).
The species mostly inhabits the west coast of Africa.
Species
Species within the genus ''Clavatula'' include:
* ''
Clavatula ahuiri''
Cossignani & Ardovini, 2014
* †''
Clavatula aralica''
(Luković, 1924) (an extinct species from the
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
in western
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
(Tshegan Formation) )
* ''
Clavatula asamusiensis''
Nomura & Zinbo, 1940
* †''
Clavatula asperulata''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Clavatula bimarginata''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Clavatula boreointerrupta''
Kautsky, 1925
* ''
Clavatula caerulea''
(Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875)
* †''
Clavatula carinifera''
Grateloup, 1832
* ''
Clavatula christianae''
Nolf, 2011
* ''
Clavatula colini''
Von Maltzan, 1883
* †''
Clavatula concatenata''
(Grateloup, 1832)
* ''
Clavatula congoensis''
Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008
* ''
Clavatula coronata''
Lamarck, 1801
* ''
Clavatula cossignanii''
Ardovini, 2004
* ''
Clavatula debilis''
(R.B. Hinds, 1843)
* ''
Clavatula decorata''
Sowerby III, 1916
* ''
Clavatula delphinae''
Nolf, 2008
* ''
Clavatula diadema''
(Kiener, 1840)
* ''
Clavatula filograna''
Odhner, 1923
* ''
Clavatula flammulata''
Knudsen, 1952
* ''
Clavatula gabonensis''
Melvill, 1923
* †''
Clavatula glaberrima praecedens''
(Peyrot, 1931)
* ''
Clavatula gracilior'' Sowerby II, 1870
* ''
Clavatula hattenbergeri''
Nolf & Verstraeten, 2008
* ''
Clavatula helena''
Bartsch, 1915
* †''
Clavatula helwerdae''
Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018
* ''
Clavatula imperialis''
Lamarck, 1816
* ''
Clavatula knudseni''
Nolf & Verstraeten, 2007
* ''
Clavatula kraepelini
''Clavatula kraepelini'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 25 mm and 37 mm.
The shiny shell has a maroon color. Sometimes its bo ...
''
(Strebel, 1914)
* ''
Clavatula lelieuri''
(Récluz, 1851)
* ''
Clavatula luctuosa''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''
Clavatula malala''
Bozzetti, 2018
* ''
Clavatula martensi''
Von Maltzan, 1883
* ''
Clavatula matthiasi''
Nolf, 2008
* ''
Clavatula milleti''
(Petit de la Saussaye, 1851)
* ''
Clavatula muricata''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''
Clavatula mystica''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Clavatula nathaliae''
Nolf, 2006
* ''
Clavatula perronii''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Clavatula petzyae''
Boyer & Ryall, 2006
* ''
Clavatula pseudomystica''
Nolf, 2008
* ''
Clavatula quinteni''
Nolf & Verstraeten, 2006
* ''
Clavatula regia''
(Röding, 1798)
* †''
Clavatula reginae''
Hoernes & Auinger, 1891
* ''
Clavatula rubrifasciata''
(Reeve, 1845)
* ''
Clavatula sacerdos''
(Reeve, 1845)
* ''
Clavatula smithi''
Knudsen, 1952
* ''
Clavatula solangeae''
Bozzetti, 2006
* ''
Clavatula strebeli''
Knudsen, 1952
* ''
Clavatula taxea''
(Röding, 1798)
* ''
Clavatula tripartita''
(Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1876)
* ''
Clavatula virgineus''
(Dillwyn, 1817)
* ''
Clavatula xanteni''
Nolf & Verstraeten, 2006
;
Nomen dubium
In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application.
Zoology
In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...
:
* ''Clavatula erecta''
W. H. Turton, 1932
;Species brought into synonymy :
* ''Clavatula albicans''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Splendrillia albicans''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula amabilis''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Tritonoturris amabilis
''Tritonoturris amabilis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.
This species was placed in this genus by A.W.B. Powell in 1966.
Description
The length of the shell attains 22 mm.
The thin, w ...
''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula argillacea''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Etrema argillacea''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula auriculifera''
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1816: synonym of ''
Clavus canalicularis
''Clavus canalicularis'', common name the ear turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
Description
The shell grows to a length of 27 mm.
The white shell shows a broad chestnut band below t ...
''
(Röding, 1798)
* ''Clavatula bella''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Bellacythara bella''
(Hinds, 1843)
*'' Clavatula candida''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Glyphostoma candida''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula candida''
(Philippi, 1848): synonym of ''
Pusionella valida''
(Dunker, 1852)
*'' Clavatula coelata''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Crassispira coelata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula crenularis''
Lamarck, 1816: synonym of ''
Ptychobela nodulosa''
(Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Clavatula echinata''
Lamarck, 1816: synonym of ''
Clavus flammulatus''
Montfort, 1810
* ''Clavatula ericea''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Lioglyphostoma ericea
''Lioglyphostoma ericea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 12 mm and 15 mm.
The light brown shell is s ...
''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula fimbriata''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Daphnellopsis fimbriata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula flammea''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Daphnella flammea''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula flavidula''
(Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''
Clathrodrillia flavidula
''Clathrodrillia flavidula'', common name the javelin turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
Description
The shell is rather thin, turreted, longitudinally obliquely ribbed and crossed by revolvi ...
''
(Lamarck, 1822)
* ''Clavatula fulva''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Clavus fulva''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula gravis''
(Hinds, 1843): synonym of ''
Makiyamaia gravis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula griffithii''
Gray, 1834: synonym of ''
Ptychobela griffithii''
(Gray, 1834)
* ''Clavatula haliplex''
Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''
Toxiclionella haliplex''
(Bartsch, 1915)
* ''Clavatula halistrepta''
Bartsch, 1915: synonym of''
Clionella halistrepta
''Clionella halistrepta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
Description
The size of the shell varies between 25 mm and 42 mm.
(Original description) The shell has a fusiform shape. The ...
''
(Bartsch, 1915)
* ''Clavatula hottentota''
(E. A. Smith, 1882): synonym of ''
Clavus hottentotus''
(E. A. Smith, 1882)
* ''Clavatula impressa''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Kylix impressa''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula kraussii''
(E. A. Smith, 1877): synonym of ''
Clionella kraussii
''Clionella kraussii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
This species was named after Ferdinand Krauss (1812–1890), author oKrauss (1848), Die südafrikanischen Mollusken, ein Beitrag zur Kennt ...
''
(E. A. Smith, 1877)
* ''Clavatula laeta''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Splendrillia laeta''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula lineata''
Lamarck, 1816: synonym of ''
Perrona lineata''
(Lamarck, 1816)
* ''Clavatula lobatopsis''
Barnard, 1963: synonym of ''
Clionella lobatopsis
''Clionella lobatopsis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
''Clavatula lobatopsis'' Barnard, 1963, was transferred to ''Gemmula (Ptychosyrinx)'' in the Turrinae by Kilburn (1983)
Description
Di ...
''
(Barnard, 1963)
* ''Clavatula marmarina''
(Watson, 1881): synonym of ''
Fenimorea marmarina''
(Watson, 1881)
* ''Clavatula merita''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Tenaturris merita''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula metula''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Anarithma metula''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula micans''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Globidrillia micans''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula neglecta''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Glyphostoma neglecta''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula nitens''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Agladrillia nitens''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula obesa''
Reeve: synonym of ''
Perrona obesa''
(Reeve, 1842)
* ''Clavatula occata''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Diptychophlia occata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula pardalis''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Anachis pardalis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula parilis''
E. A. Smith, 1902: synonym of ''Clavatula tripartita''
(Weinkauff, 1876)
* ''Clavatula pfefferi''
(Strebel, 1912): synonym of ''
Fusiturris pfefferi''
(Strebel, 1912)
* ''Clavatula plumbea''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Kurtziella plumbea
''Kurtziella plumbea'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.
Description
The length of the shell attains 10 mm.
The small shell is yellowish, with on the body whorl a faint dark ...
''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula pudica''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Agladrillia pudica''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula pungens''
Gould, 1860: synonym of ''
Veprecula pungens''
(Gould, 1860)
* ''Clavatula pyramis''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Pseudorhaphitoma pyramis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula quisqualis''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Leptadrillia quisqualis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula rava''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Clathurella rava''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula rigida''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Clathurella rigida''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula robusta''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Cheungbeia robusta''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula rubida''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Lienardia rubida''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula rubiginosa''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of''
Otitoma rubiginosa''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula rubrofasciata''
Reeve: synonym of ''
Clavatula rubrifasciata''
(Reeve, 1845)
* ''Clavatula scalaris''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Tritonoturris scalaris
''Tritonoturris scalaris'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Tritonoturris scalaris (Hinds, 1843). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: ht ...
''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula sculpta''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Rimosodaphnella sculpta''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula semicostata''
(Kiener, 1840): synonym of ''
Clionella semicostata
''Clionella semicostata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 15 mm and 32 mm. The whorls are with shallow channel above. The shoulde ...
''
(Kiener, 1840)
* ''Clavatula sinensis''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Crassispira sinensis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula sinuata''
(Born, 1778): synonym of ''
Clionella sinuata
''Clionella sinuata'', common name the ribbed turrid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clavatulidae.
Fossils of this species have been reported from Pleistocene localities on the west coast of South Africa.
D ...
''
(Born, 1778)
* ''Clavatula spicata''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Inquisitor spicata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula spirata''
Lamarck: synonym of ''
Perrona spirata''
(Lamarck, 1816)
* ''Clavatula spurca''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Etrema spurca''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula striata''
Gray, 1826: synonym of ''
Epideira striata''
(Gray, 1826)
* ''Clavatula subspirata''
(von Martens, 1902):
synonym of ''
Perrona subspirata''
(von Martens, 1902)
* ''Clavatula subventricosa''
(E. A. Smith, 1877): synonym of ''
Clionella subventricosa''
(E. A. Smith, 1877)
* ''Clavatula taxus'' : synonym of ''Clavatula taxea''
(Röding, 1798) (incorrect subsequent spelling)
* ''Clavatula tessellata''
Hinds, 1843: synonym of ''
Kermia tessellata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Clavatula tumida''
Sowerby II, 1870: synonym of ''
Toxiclionella tumida''
(Sowerby II, 1870)
* ''Clavatula turriplana''
(G.B. Sowerby III, 1903): synonym of ''
Turricula turriplana''
(Sowerby III, 1903)
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q3722726