Claude Jacquand, known as Claudius (; 11 December 1803,
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...
– 2 April 1878,
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
) was a French painter of historical tableaus,
genre
Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other for ...
scenes and religious subjects.
Biography
He came from a family devoted to handicrafts and his father was a comb-maker. He had his first art lessons at the
École nationale des beaux-arts de Lyon with
Fleury François Richard
Fleury François Richard (25 February 1777, Lyon – 14 March 1852, Écully), sometimes called Fleury-Richard, was a French painter of the École de Lyon. A student of Jacques-Louis David, Fleury-Richard and his friend Pierre Révoil were precur ...
. Following his mother's death in 1836, he moved to Paris and began exhibiting.
In 1839, he became a Knight in the
Legion d'Honneur and, a year later, he was awarded the Gold Medal at an exposition in
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
. The following year, at an exhibition in
The Hague
The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...
, he won another Gold Medal and was decorated with the
Order of Leopold Order of Leopold may refer to:
* Order of Leopold (Austria), founded in 1808 by emperor Francis I of Austria and discontinued in 1918
* Order of Leopold (Belgium), founded in 1832 by king Leopold I of Belgium
* Order of Leopold II, founded in Congo ...
. His father died shortly after, leaving him several valuable properties that enabled him to marry the aristocratic Lydia de Forbin, daughter of
Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin
Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste, comte de Forbin (La Roque-d'Anthéron, Bouches-du-Rhône, 19 August 1779 – Paris, 23 February 1841) was the French painter and antiquary who succeeded Vivant Denon as curator of the Musée du Louvre and the other ...
and widow of the Viscount Alexandre Paul de Pinelli.
[Jacques du Chayar]
Histoire d'Émeringes
, From a thesis by Dominique Richard (Cultural Advisor of the Conseil Général de Savoie
Savoie (; Arpitan: ''Savouè'' or ''Savouè-d'Avâl''; English: ''Savoy'' ) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Southeastern France. Located in the French Alps, its prefecture is Chambéry. In 2019, Savoie had a population of ...
) He taught painting to his son-in-law , who also became a well-known artist.
He and his family settled at her hometown of
Émeringes, where he built a mansion inspired by a castle he had seen in Paris. He was chosen to be Mayor in 1844.
A year later, he exhibited at the
Salon
Salon may refer to:
Common meanings
* Beauty salon, a venue for cosmetic treatments
* French term for a drawing room, an architectural space in a home
* Salon (gathering), a meeting for learning or enjoyment
Arts and entertainment
* Salon (P ...
, where
Charles Baudelaire
Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poetry, French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist and art critic. His poems exhibit mastery in the handling of rhyme and rhythm, contain an exoticis ...
characterized him as a painter of the "twentieth quality".
[Charles Baudelaire, "Salon de 1845", in ''Curiosités esthétiques. L'art romantique et autres œuvres critiques'', éd. H. Lemaître, Paris, 196]
page 280 et note 156
/ref>
After the French Revolution of 1848
The French Revolution of 1848 (french: Révolution française de 1848), also known as the February Revolution (), was a brief period of civil unrest in France, in February 1848, that led to the collapse of the July Monarchy and the foundation ...
, his income began to shrink dramatically and he sought paid employment. An effort to obtain the post of Director at the Musée de l'Histoire de France at Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...
was not successful. He and Lydia moved to Boulogne-sur-Mer
Boulogne-sur-Mer (; pcd, Boulonne-su-Mér; nl, Bonen; la, Gesoriacum or ''Bononia''), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a coastal city in Northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne lies on the ...
in 1852 and sold their properties in Émeringes to help maintain their life style. Nevertheless, in 1856, they were forced to seek less expensive quarters in Paris. Lydia died in 1863, amid worsening financial problems. He continued to exhibit regularly, earning merely enough to get by. He died in 1878.
Selected paintings
File:The Count of Comminges Recognizing Adélaide by Claudius Jacquand.JPG, ''The Count of Comminges Recognizing Adélaide'', a scene from a novel by Claudine Guérin de Tencin
Claudine Alexandrine Guérin de Tencin, Baroness of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (27 April 1682 – 4 December 1749) was a French salonist and author. She was the mother of Jean le Rond d'Alembert, who later became a prominent mathematician, '' philosophe ...
, 1836)
File:Cinq-Mars rendant son épée à Louis XIII - Claudius Jacquand - MBA Lyon 2014 (cropped).jpg, '' Cinq-Mars Surrendering his Épée to Louis XIII
Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown ...
'' (1836–37)
File:Les adieux de Cinq-Mars à Marie d'Entraigues ou le Baiser du départ by Claudius Jacquand.jpg, '' Cinq-Mars' Farewell to Marie d'Entraigues'' 1836
File:Pérugin peignant pour des moines à Pérouse-Claudius Jacquand-MBA Lyon 2014.jpg, ''Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino (, ; – 1523), born Pietro Vannucci, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, painter of the Umbrian school, who developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael was his most famous pup ...
Painting for the Monks of Perugia
Perugia (, , ; lat, Perusia) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber, and of the province of Perugia.
The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part o ...
'' (1857)
File:Le Jeune Gaston, dit l'ange de Foix - Claudius Jacquand - MBA Lyon 2014.jpg, ''The Young Gaston
Gaston is a masculine given name of French origin and a surname. The name "Gaston" may refer to:
People
First name
*Gaston I, Count of Foix (1287–1315)
*Gaston II, Count of Foix (1308–1343)
*Gaston III, Count of Foix (1331–1391)
*Gaston ...
, Called the Angel of Foix'' (1838)
File:Henri de Bourgogne reçoit l'investiture du comté de Portugal, 1094 (Claude Jacquand, dit Claudius; 1841).png, '' Henri de Bourgogne is invested the County of Portugal, 1094'' (1841)
References
Further reading
* Dominique Lobstein, ''Claudius Jacquand: les derniers moments de Christophe Colomb'', Somogy Éditions d'Art 2011
* Dominique Richard, ''Biographie et catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre peint de Claudius Jacquand'', Université Lyon II 1980
External links
ArtNet: More works by Jacquand
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jacquand, Claudius
1803 births
1878 deaths
French history painters
Artists from Lyon
19th-century French painters