![Général Claude Juste Alexandre Legrand](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_Claude_Juste_Alexandre_Legrand.jpg)
Claude Juste Alexandre Louis Legrand (23 February 1762,
Le Plessier-sur-Saint-Just,
Oise
Oise ( ; ; pcd, Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,41 ...
– 8 January 1815, Paris) was a French general. He commanded French divisions at several notable battles of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He rose to senator on 5 April 1813, then Pair de France on 4 June 1814 and
chevalier de Saint-Louis on 27 June 1814. He organised the defence of
Chalon-sur-Saône in 1814 and died in Paris in 1815 of wounds received beside the
River Berezina.
Life
Revolution and Republic
His military career started when he enlisted in 1777. During the French Revolution he rose rapidly in rank to lieutenant colonel. He received promotion to
''général de brigade'' in 1793 and fought at the
Battle of Fleurus (1794)
The Battle of Fleurus, on 26 June 1794, was an engagement during the War of the First Coalition, between the army of the First French Republic, under General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, and the Coalition Army ( Britain, Hanover, Dutch Republic, and ...
. As part of the
Army of the Danube, he also fought at the
Battle of Ostrach
The Battle of Ostrach, also called the Battle by Ostrach, occurred on 20–21 March 1799. It was the first non-Italy-based battle of the War of the Second Coalition. The battle resulted in the victory of the Austrian forces, under the command of ...
and the
Battle of Stockach (1799)
The Battle of Stockach occurred on 25 March 1799, when French and Austrian armies fought for control of the geographically strategic Hegau region in present-day Baden-Württemberg.There was a second battle the following year—see Second Batt ...
. As a
''général de division'' he fought under
Jean Victor Marie Moreau at the
Battle of Hohenlinden (1800), successfully holding the left flank.
Empire
Under Emperor
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
, he commanded a division in Marshal
Nicolas Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult. Soult was one of only six officers in Frenc ...
's IV Corps in the 1805 campaign. At the
Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz i ...
, his division helped to fend off the massive Austro-Russian left wing long enough for
Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult. Soult was one of only six officers in Frenc ...
's other two divisions to break through the Russian center.
Still in the corps of
Soult
Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (; 29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult. Soult was one of only six officers in Frenc ...
, Legrand fought at the battles of
Jena
Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...
in 1806 and
Eylau in 1807. During the 1809 campaign, he led a division under Marshal
Andre Massena in the battles of
Ebelsberg,
Aspern-Essling and
Wagram
Deutsch-Wagram (literally "German Wagram", ), often shortened to Wagram, is a village in the Gänserndorf District, in the state of Lower Austria, Austria. It is in the Marchfeld Basin, close to the Vienna city limits, about 15 km (9 mi) northeas ...
. In
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
's 1812 invasion of Russia, he fought in Marshal
Oudinot
Nicolas Charles Oudinot, 1st Count Oudinot, 1st Duke of Reggio (25 April 1767 in Bar-le-Duc – 13 September 1847 in Paris), was a Marshal of the Empire. He is known to have been wounded 34 times in battle, being hit by artillery shells, sabers, ...
's II Corps at Polotsk. He was badly wounded during the crossing of the
Berezina
The Berezina or Biarezina ( be, Бярэ́зіна; ) is a river in Belarus and a right tributary of the Dnieper. The river starts in the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve. The length of the Berezina is 613 km. The width of the river is 15-20 m, the ...
River but survived the disastrous winter retreat.
Legrand was employed in minor commands during the 1814 campaign in France. He died from the effects of his Russian wound on 9 January 1815.
Bibliography
* Arnold, James, ''Marengo & Hohenlinden.'' Pen & Sword, 2005.
* Chandler, David, ''The Campaigns of Napoleon.'' Macmillan, 1978.
* Chandler, David, ''Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars.'' Macmillan, 1979.
* Smith, Digby, ''The Napoleonic Wars Data Book.'' Greenhill, 1998.
References
*
*
* Service historique de la défense (
Vincennes
Vincennes (, ) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is next to but does not include the Château de Vincennes and Bois de Vincennes, which are attache ...
), 7 Yd 316
Leonore databaseof the French ''
Légion d'honneur
The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour ('), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil. Established in 1802 by Napoleon ...
''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Legrand, Claude Juste Alexandre
1762 births
1815 deaths
People from Oise
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
French military personnel killed in the Napoleonic Wars