Claude-François Ménestrier (9 March 1631 – 21 January 1705) was a French
heraldist
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...
, writer, member of the
Society of Jesus
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders ...
esuit and attendant of the royal court.
Ménestrier was born in Lyon. He composed numerous books on heraldry, in which he was one of the greatest authorities of his age, the professor of the colleges in
Chambéry
Chambéry (, , ; Arpitan: ''Chambèri'') is the prefecture of the Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. The population of the commune of Chambéry was 58,917 as of 2019, while the population of the Chambér ...
,
Vienne
Vienne (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Viéne'') is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.[Grenoble
lat, Gratianopolis
, commune status = Prefecture and commune
, image = Panorama grenoble.png
, image size =
, caption = From upper left: Panorama of the city, Grenoble’s cable cars, place Saint- ...]
, and
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of t ...
. During 1669-70 he traveled to Germany and Italy, but reached Paris and lived there to his death. Menestrier's early treatises clearly show the influence of
Emanuele Tesauro's theoretical work, and in particular the content of his best-known treatise, the ''Cannocchiale aristotelico''. He was the most widely known heraldist of his time, and was from 1622 in close correspondence with
Philipp Jakob Spener
Philipp Jakob Spener (23 January 1635 – 5 February 1705), was a German Lutheran theologian who essentially founded what would become to be known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main works, '' ...
, the founder of the German scientific
heraldry
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...
who refused the merely symbolic interpretation of arms. Ménestrier maintained that we can know the essence of
heraldry
Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...
only from the
sources
Source may refer to:
Research
* Historical document
* Historical source
* Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence
* Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...
from the age of living heraldry but he was also influenced by the heraldic view of his age. Thus, his researches were abortive.
Ménestrier's essays "On Ancient and Modern Musical Productions" (''Des Représentations en musique anciennes et modernes'', 1681) and "On Ancient and Modern Ballets, After The Rules of Theatre" (''Des Ballets anciens et modernes selon les règles du théâtre'', 1682) were influential in the development of
ballet
Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread and highly technical form of ...
as a dramatic
concert dance
Concert dance (also known as performance dance or theatre dance in the United Kingdom) is dance performed for an audience. It is frequently performed in a theatre setting, though this is not a requirement, and it is usually choreographed and p ...
style capable of expressing a wide range of emotion and narrating a complex story, drawing upon accounts of ancient Roman
pantomime
Pantomime (; informally panto) is a type of musical comedy stage production designed for family entertainment. It was developed in England and is performed throughout the United Kingdom, Ireland and (to a lesser extent) in other English-speaking ...
.
Ménestrier was also a
numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist in numismatics ("of coins"; from Late Latin ''numismatis'', genitive of ''numisma''). Numismatists include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholars who use coins and other currency in object-based research. Altho ...
and
antiquary
An antiquarian or antiquary () is an fan (person), aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artifact (archaeology), artifac ...
. In 1689 he published his ''Histoire du Roy Louis le Grand par les médailles. emblêmes, devises, jettons, inscriptions, armoiries, et autres monumens publics''. The book was the first antiquarian history of a modern individual, and largely used medals drawn from the collection of Père
François de la Chaise
François de la Chaise (August 25, 1624 – January 20, 1709) was a French Jesuit priest, the father confessor of King Louis XIV of France.
Biography
François de la Chaise was born at the Château of Aix in Aix-la-Fayette, Puy-de-Dôme, Auverg ...
. It also covered jettons and heraldic devices.
Unfortunately for Ménestrier a pirated 1691 Dutch edition included five pages of anti-Louis medals, harming Ménestrier's position at court.
Works
''L'Autel de Lyon, consacré a Louys Auguste, et placé dans le temple de la gloire. Ballet dédié à Sa Majesté en son entrée à Lyon'' Lyon, Jean Molin, 1658
* ''Le véritable art du blason et l'origine des armoiries'', Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1659
''Les Réjouissances de la paix, avec un recueil de diverses pièces sur ce sujet'' Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1660
* ''Abbrégé méthodique des principes héraldiques, ou du Véritable art du blason'', Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1661
''L'Art des emblèmes'' Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1662
* ''Éloge historique de la Ville de Lyon et sa grandeur consulaire sous les romains & sous nos rois'', Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1669
''Traité des tournois, joustes, carrousels et autres spectacles publics'' Lyon, Jean Muguet, 1669
''Le Chemin de l'honneur, jeu d'armoiries'' Lyon, Benoît Coral, 1672
* ''Les diverses especes de noblesse, et les manieres d'en dresser les preuves'', Paris, Amaulry et Guignard, 1681
* ''Lettre d'un gentilhomme de province à une dame de qualité, au sujet de la comète'', Paris, Michallet, 1681
''Des Représentations en musique anciennes et modernes'' Paris, René Guignard, 1681
''Des Ballets anciens et modernes selon les règles du théâtre'' Paris, René Guignard, 1682
''La Philosophie des images, composée d'un ample recueil de devises'' Paris, de La Caille, 1682
* ''De la Chevalerie ancienne et moderne avec la manière d'en faire les preuves'', Paris, de La Caille, 1683
''Des Décorations funèbres, où il est amplement traité des tentures, des lumières, des mausolées, catafalques, inscriptions et autres ornemens funèbres'' Paris, de La Caille, 1683
* ''L'art des Emblèmes, où s'enseigne la morale par les figures de la fable, de l'histoire, & de la nature.'' Paris, de La Caille, 1684.
* ''La méthode du blason'', Paris, Michallet, 1688
* ''Réfutation des prétendues
prophéties de St Malachie'', Paris, 1689
* ''Histoire du règne de Louis-Le-Grand par les médailles, emblèmes, devises, jetons, inscriptions, armoiries et autres monuments publics'', Paris, B. Nolin, 1689
Online text
/small>
Lyon, Thomas Amaulry, 1692
''Les Divers Caractères des ouvrages historiques, avec le plan d'une nouvelle histoire de la ville de Lyon''
Paris, J. Colombat, 1694
''La Philosophie des images énigmatiques, où il est amplement traité des énigmes, hiéroglyphiques, oracles, prophéties, sorts, divinations, loteries, talismans, songes…''
Lyon, Jaques Lions, 1694
''Histoire civile ou consulaire de la ville de Lyon, justifiée par chartres, titres, chroniques, manuscrits, autheurs anciens & modernes, & autres preuves, avec la carte de la ville, comme elle étoit il y a environ deux siécles''
Lyon, Jean-Baptiste & Nicolas de Ville, 1696
* ''La Nouvelle méthode raisonnée du blason, pour l'apprendre d'une manière aisée, réduite en leçons par demandes et par réponses'', Lyon, Amaulry, 1696
* ''Décorations faites dans la ville de Grenoble, pour la réception de Mgr le duc de Bourgogne et de Mgr le duc de Berry, avec des réflexions et des remarques sur la pratique et les usages des décorations'', Grenoble, A. Fremon, 1701 Online text
/small>
''Médaille présentée au Roi le jour de la fête de Saint Loüis l'an 1703, la LXIVe de son âge''
s. l., 1703
''Bibliothèque curieuse et instructive des divers ouvrages anciens et modernes de littérature et des arts''
Paris, Trevoux, 1704
References
External links
*
*Claude-François Ménestrier
Claude-François Ménestrier (9 March 1631 – 21 January 1705) was a French heraldist, writer, member of the Society of Jesus esuit and attendant of the royal court.
Ménestrier was born in Lyon. He composed numerous books on heraldry, in ...
on French Wikipedia
Ella Hassett, Library Assistant, The Edward Worth Library, Dublin - ''LOUIS XIV’S MEDALS''
(the book referred to in this article may be the pirated Dutch edition, though the article does not say this)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menestrier, Claude-Francois
1631 births
1705 deaths
Clergy from Lyon
French heraldists
17th-century French Jesuits
French antiquarians
18th-century French Jesuits
French male non-fiction writers
History of ballet
Writers from Lyon