Brag is an 18th century
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
card game
A card game is any game using playing cards as the primary device with which the game is played, be they traditional or game-specific.
Countless card games exist, including families of related games (such as poker). A small number of card ...
, and the British national representative of the vying or "bluffing" family of gambling games. It is a descendant of the Elizabethan game of
Primero
Primero (in English also called Primus, ', or in Italian '' or Spanish ''Primera'')'', is a 16th-century gambling card game of which the earliest reference dates back to 1526. Primero is closely related to the game of primo visto (a.k.a. prima-v ...
and one of the several ancestors to
poker
Poker is a family of comparing card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, however in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game w ...
, the modern version just varying in
betting
Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three eleme ...
style and hand rankings. It has been described as the "longest-standing British representative of the Poker family."
History
The rules of Brag first appear in 1721 in ''
The Compleat Gamester
''The Compleat Gamester'', first published in 1674, is one of the earliest known English-language games compendia. It was published anonymously, but later attributed to Charles Cotton (1630–1687). Further editions appeared in the period up to 1 ...
'' where it is referred to as ''"The Ingenious and Pleasant Game of Bragg"'', but in fact, it originates in an almost identical game called
Post and Pair which is recorded as far back as 1528 (as ''Post'') and which, in turn, was descended from Primero. However, Brag introduced a key innovation over Post and Pair: the concept of
wild cards
''Wild Cards'' is a series of science fiction superhero shared universe anthologies, mosaic novels, and solo novels. They are written by a collection of more than forty authors (referred to as the "Wild Cards Trust") and are edited by George R. ...
known as 'braggers'. Initially there was just one, the
Knave of Clubs; later the Nine of Diamonds was added. In parallel with this early three-stake game, in 1751 Hoyle describes a version of Brag with a
shortened pack that only had a single phase – the vying or 'bragging' round – with special powers for certain Jacks and Nines, thus anticipating the modern single-stake game. In 1825, an early American account of Brag describes a much more elaborate single-stake game with a complex vying procedure. Not until 1860 are rules for both variants published in one compendium, whereby "Three Stake Brag" is virtually unchanged from the earliest rules and the version of "Single Brag" described is less complicated than its American cousin.
In a 1981 survey by
Waddingtons
Waddingtons was a British manufacturer of card games, card and board games. The company was founded by John Waddington of Leeds, England and the manager, actor and playwright Wilson Barrett, under the name ''Waddingtons Limited''. The name was c ...
, Brag was the fourth most popular card game in Britain. In 1992, Parlett stated that the classic three-stake variant (see
Classic Brag
Brag is an 18th century British card game, and the British national representative of the vying or "bluffing" family of gambling games. It is a descendant of the Elizabethan game of Primero and one of the several ancestors to poker, the modern ve ...
below) was defunct; nevertheless, its rules were still being published in 2001.
Classic Brag
The earliest published rules for any form of Brag appear in Richard Seymour's 1721 revision of
Charles Cotton
Charles Cotton (28 April 1630 – 16 February 1687) was an English poet and writer, best known for translating the work of Michel de Montaigne from the French, for his contributions to ''The Compleat Angler'', and for the influential ''The Comp ...
's ''The Compleat Gamester''. They are less than complete, but with the aid of later descriptions, can be reconstructed. The following is based on Seymour, supplemented by ''The New Pocket Hoyle'' (1810).
Classic Brag is a three-stake game and players ante 3 stakes, one for each phase of the game. Eldest hand deals 3 cards to each player in turn, turning the last card dealt to each player face up. The game phases are:
* ''Best Card''. In the first phase the player with the highest face-up card won the stakes, cards ranking in their natural order from Ace downwards, except that the A outranked the other Aces.
* ''Bragging''. In the second phase, players passed or vied. The procedure is not detailed, but based on the 1810 Hoyle, beginning with elder hand, players would pass or say "I brag" and place a stake. If a player bragged, he could be challenged by another player matching or raising the stake. If two players wished to challenge, the elder took precedence. Vying continued between the two players until one passed or said "I'll see you" or the equivalent whereupon both revealed their hands. A ''
Prial
A set or group in card games is a scoring combination consisting of three or more playing cards of the same rank;Parlett (2008) p. 489. in some games, such as Bieten, a set may also comprise just two cards (a 'pair').
Description
Sets are one o ...
'' (or ''
Pair Royal
A set or group in card games is a scoring combination consisting of three or more playing cards of the same rank;Parlett (2008) p. 489. in some games, such as Bieten, a set may also comprise just two cards (a 'pair').
Description
Sets are one o ...
)'' beat a ''
Pair
Pair or PAIR or Pairing may refer to:
Government and politics
* Pair (parliamentary convention), matching of members unable to attend, so as not to change the voting margin
* ''Pair'', a member of the Prussian House of Lords
* ''Pair'', the Frenc ...
'' which beat a single card. Two ''Pair Royals'' were decided by their ranking; likewise two ''Pairs'' and so on. The J was a wild card, which could represent any other card, but a natural hand beat a 'wild' hand i.e. one with the Knave of Clubs. Some circles also admitted the 9 as a wild card.
* ''Thirty One''. In the third phase, players scored their hands and the first player to reach exactly 31 or, if no-one did, was closest to 31, won the stakes. To that end, courts and Aces scored 10 and pips their face value. Players could improve their hand by exchanging a card with the stock, but if they 'drew out', i.e. exceeded 31, they lost. If two or more scored the same, they drew again until a winner was established.
American Brag
In 1825, the first American account of Brag appeared in a New York edition of ''Hoyle's Games Improved''. This was a far more elaborate variant based solely on the bragging phase of classic Brag.
Modern Brag
Modern Brag, often called Three-Card Brag to distinguish it from its variants,
["Three Card Brag" in ] is a single-stake game. Everyone
antes, and players are each dealt three cards face down. There is a single round of betting, with action starting to the left of the dealer. Each player has the option of betting or
folding
Fold, folding or foldable may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''Fold'' (album), the debut release by Australian rock band Epicure
* Fold (poker), in the game of poker, to discard one's hand and forfeit interest in the current pot
*Abov ...
. If there was a previous bet, the player must contribute at least that much more to the pot. (Unlike usual poker betting, a player's previous money contributed to the pot is ignored.) This betting continues until there are only two players left, at which point either player may double the previous bet to
see
See or SEE may refer to:
* Sight - seeing
Arts, entertainment, and media
* Music:
** ''See'' (album), studio album by rock band The Rascals
*** "See", song by The Rascals, on the album ''See''
** "See" (Tycho song), song by Tycho
* Television
* ...
his opponent. At this point, the two hands are revealed, and the player with the better hand takes the entire pot. If there is a tie, the player who is seeing loses.
For example, with four players A, B, C and D, this situation could occur: Player A bets 2 chips, B folds, C bets 2 chips and D bets 2 chips. In order to stay in, A would have to bet another 2 chips (at least).
Hand ranks
Hands generally follow the same sequence as the five-card hands of
poker
Poker is a family of comparing card games in which players wager over which hand is best according to that specific game's rules. It is played worldwide, however in some places the rules may vary. While the earliest known form of the game w ...
with some variation created by the differing odds of a three-card hand. By convention a prial or three of a kind ranks first, above a straight flush. As there are only three cards, four of a kind and a full house are not possible. Note that unlike poker a straight beats a flush, as three-card flushes are more likely than three-card straights, while the reverse is true of five-card poker hands. Special conventions also usually apply that three 3s is the highest-ranking prial, and Ace-2-3 the highest-ranking straight flush. The full probabilities are as follows:
Prial
In Brag, three-of-a-kind is known as a ''
prial
A set or group in card games is a scoring combination consisting of three or more playing cards of the same rank;Parlett (2008) p. 489. in some games, such as Bieten, a set may also comprise just two cards (a 'pair').
Description
Sets are one o ...
'', a word derived from "pair royal". As such, three sevens would be described as "a prial (of) sevens".
In most versions of Brag the highest prial depends on the variant being played, for instance, in three card Brag the highest prial would be a prial of threes, in seven card Brag it would be a prial of sevens and so on. The only exception to this is in four card brag, where the game is played as a three card game, so the highest prial in this instance would be a prial of threes.
Straight
In Brag a straight is more commonly called a "run", and a straight flush is referred to as a "run on the bounce".
Variants
*Four-card Brag: Players are dealt four cards, and must then choose which card to throw away (place at the bottom of the deck) in order to create the best combination. The game is then played in the same way as three-card brag.
*Five-card Brag.
*Seven-card Brag: Seven cards are dealt, players must choose three cards to play from their hands, or make two hands, with only a successful win if both hands win the pot.
*Nine-card Brag: Nine cards are dealt, players sort these into three sets. Four antes are played, one for each set, and a main pot. Each set is then played out, usually without further betting. The winner of each set takes one lot of antes; if a player wins all three sets they receive the main pot as well, otherwise it remains for the next hand. Players must always play the next best available set they have made. Often a player may be able to make two good sets and a poor third (e.g.
prial
A set or group in card games is a scoring combination consisting of three or more playing cards of the same rank;Parlett (2008) p. 489. in some games, such as Bieten, a set may also comprise just two cards (a 'pair').
Description
Sets are one o ...
, straight, ten-high), so players that do not think they will be able to win all three will order their hands to leave themselves with a strong third set to protect the main pot.
*Thirteen-card Brag: Thirteen cards are dealt, from which players must choose three cards to play. Another variation involves making four hands (or the most possible over a certain standard) from the thirteen cards. Four of a kind can also be played, and is usually rewarded by an additional fee to be paid by the other players, apart from any original stake. Players then show their respective best hands, then second best hands, etc., with each winning hand scoring that player a point, or points. Score is kept on a
cribbage board
Cribbage, or crib, is a card game, traditionally for two players, that involves playing and grouping cards in combinations which gain points. It can be adapted for three or four players.
Cribbage has several distinctive features: the cribbag ...
, and is usually either a sprint of 10 or so holes, with one point scored for each winning hand, or played over the full length, or street, of the board, with 4 points awarded to the best highest hand, 3 points to the best second-highest hand, etc. Players not on the board by the time someone wins may have to pay double. Winnings are either a pre-arranged fixed amount from each loser to the winner, or paid proportionate to how far behind the winner they finish. Any player winning all four hands in any round is said to have crashed, and automatically wins the entire game. In some regions the game is known as 'Crash'.
*Fifteen card Brag: A normally non-gambling related variant, played as a family game. Each player is dealt fifteen cards, from which they make five three-card tricks. Each player must then lay their tricks down in order, highest first. The winner is the one who wins the most tricks. This variant has a much higher likelihood of more powerful tricks, due to the extra cards. This version can also be played with 10 cards and one card is discarded.
*
Stop the Bus
Stop the Bus is a simple game, common in England where it is also known as Bastard.
The game uses the hand rankings from Three card brag, Brag. Three of a kind (a ''prial'') is the best hand followed by a running flush, then a run, then a flush, t ...
: Three cards are dealt to each player, and three face-up communal cards are dealt. Players take turns at exchanging one or all (but not two) of their cards for any or all of the communal cards. Play continues until one player 'sticks', or 'knocks', meaning that they are happy with their hand. All the remaining players then exchange one last time before hands are compared. The player with the lowest hand is out, or loses a life.
*Faras or (literally 'three cards' in Hindi). A variant of the game very popular in
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
,
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
and
Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne,
सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
, and played with numerous local variations.
Some of these rules can also lead to games, especially heads-up, becoming tactical, with players avoiding making their best hand until their hand is forced into that last exchange by another player sticking, risking that the card that completes their hand isn't taken by another player in the meantime.
Betting blind
Players also have the option of playing blind (betting without looking at their cards). A blind player's costs are all half as much as an open (non-blind) player's. However, an open player may not raise or see a blind player. If all other players fold to a blind player, the pot remains, everyone re-antes, and the blind player gets to keep his hand for the next round (in addition to the new one he is dealt). At any time, a player with two blind hands may look at one of them and decide whether to keep it or throw it away. If he keeps it, he throws away the other hand and is considered open. If he throws it away, he keeps the other hand and is still blind. If everyone folds to a blind player with two hands, he must throw away one without looking. As with many rules in card games, regional differences apply to this rule.
Shuffling
Another unusual custom of Brag is that the deck is rarely
shuffle
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games. Shuffling is often followed by a cut, to help ensure that the shuffler has not manipulated the outcome.
__TOC__
Techniques
Overha ...
d. Unless a hand is seen and won by a
prial
A set or group in card games is a scoring combination consisting of three or more playing cards of the same rank;Parlett (2008) p. 489. in some games, such as Bieten, a set may also comprise just two cards (a 'pair').
Description
Sets are one o ...
, the cards from the hand are just placed on the bottom of the deck, and the next hand is dealt without shuffling.
See also
*
Gilet
A gilet () or body warmer is a sleeveless jacket resembling a waistcoat or blouse. It may be waist- to knee-length and is typically straight-sided rather than fitted; however, historically, gilets were fitted and embroidered. In 19th-century dre ...
*
Primero
Primero (in English also called Primus, ', or in Italian '' or Spanish ''Primera'')'', is a 16th-century gambling card game of which the earliest reference dates back to 1526. Primero is closely related to the game of primo visto (a.k.a. prima-v ...
*
Put (card game)
Put, occasionally Putt, is an English tavern game first recorded in the 16th century and later castigated by 17th century moralists as one of ill repute.Parlett (1995), pp. 27–28. It belongs to a very ancient family of trick-taking card games and ...
*
Post and Pair
*
Bouillotte
Bouillotte is an 18th-century French gambling card game of the Revolution based on Brelan, very popular during the 19th century in France and again for some years from 1830. It was also popular in America. The game is regarded as one of the games ...
Footnotes
References
Literature
*
*
*
* Robert Hardie was a pseudonym of Eidrah Trebor
*
*
*
*
*
*
External links
Detailed Rules for Bragby John McLeod
The hand-book of games by H.G. Bohnat Google Books
{{Poker footer
18th-century card games
Vying games
Gambling games