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Clara Arnheim (24 April 1865 – 28 August 1942) was a German painter of Jewish ancestry; best known for her depictions of life among the fishermen on the Baltic coast. Her younger brother, Fritz Arnheim, was a noted historian.


Biography

She was born in Berlin. Despite her family's resistance to the idea of a woman being a professional painter, she studied with
Franz Skarbina Franz Skarbina (24 February 1849 - 18 May 1910) was a German impressionist painter, draftsman, etcher and illustrator. Life Born in Berlin, he was the son of a goldsmith from Zagreb. From 1865 to 1869, he studied at the Prussian Academy of Ar ...
in Berlin and
Edmond Aman-Jean Edmond Aman-Jean (13 January 1858, Chevry-Cossigny – 25 January 1936, Paris) was a French symbolist painter, who co-founded the Salon des Tuileries in 1923. Life His father was the owner and operator of an industrial lime kiln. He had hi ...
in
Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
.Brief biography
@ Lexikon VdBK.
Among the many organizations of which she was a member, the " Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen" (an artists' society for women) and the
Deutscher Künstlerbund The Deutscher Kuenstlerbund (Association of German Artists) was founded in 1903 the initiative of Count Harry Kessler, promoter of arts and artists, Alfred Lichtwark, director of the Hamburg Art Gallery and the famous painters Lovis Corinth, Ma ...
are especially notable. In 1914, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the
Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig The Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst (HGB) or Academy of Fine Arts Leipzig is one of the oldest art schools in Germany, dating back to 1764. The school has four colleges specializing in fine arts, graphic design, photography and new media a ...
, she displayed two graphic works at the "Internationalen Ausstellung für Buchgewerbe und Grafik" (BUGRA) and was awarded a gold medal. At the beginning of the 1920s, she helped
Henni Lehmann Henriette Lehmann, née Straßmann, known as Henni (10 October 1862, Berlin – 18 February 1937, Berlin) was a politically and socially active German painter and writer of Jewish ancestry. Biography Her father, Wolfgang Straßmann, was a do ...
create the Blaue Scheune, an exhibition venue in
Hiddensee Hiddensee () is a car-free island in the Baltic Sea, located west of Germany's largest island, Rügen, on the German coast. The island has about 1,000 inhabitants. It was a holiday destination for East German tourists during German Democratic ...
, where she later took up residence.Clara Arnheim
@ Galerie Der Panther.
An organization known as the "" was established, which numbered
Elisabeth Andrae Louise Elisabeth Andrae (3 August 1876, Leipzig – 1945, Dresden) was a German Post-Impressionist landscape painter and watercolorist. Biography She studied with two landscape painters; in Dresden and Hans von Volkmann in Karlsruhe. She set ...
,
Käthe Loewenthal Käthe Frida Rosa Loewenthal (27 March 1878, in Berlin – 26 April 1942, in Izbica Ghetto, Izbica) was a German Modern art, Modernist landscape painter of Jewish ancestry. She was murdered in the The Holocaust, Shoah. The Painter Susanne Ritsche ...
, and
Elisabeth Büchsel Elisabeth Büchsel (1867–1957) was a German painter known for her Impressionist portraits and landscapes. Biography Büchsel was born on 29 January 1867 in Stralsund, Germany. She studied in Berlin, Paris, and Munich. Her teachers included Luci ...
among its members. Following the
Nazi seizure of power Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in the newly established Weimar Republic in September 1919 when Hitler joined the '' Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' (DAP; German Workers' Party). He rose to a place of prominence in the early years of the party. Be ...
, she was served with a
Berufsverbot is an order of "professional disqualification" under German law. Berufsverbot may be translated into English as "professional ban". A disqualifies the recipient from engaging in certain professions or activities on the grounds of their criminal ...
and was unable to exhibit or accept commissions. Over the years, the harassment worsened until she found it almost impossible to obtain
ration stamp A ration stamp, ration coupon or ration card is a stamp or card issued by a government to allow the holder to obtain food or other commodities that are in short supply during wartime or in other emergency situations when rationing is in forc ...
s. Luckily, her friends in Hiddensee were able to supply her with food in secret. The establishment of a ban against travel by Jews came while she was on a visit. Unable to return home, her resources dwindled and, in July 1942, she was transported to
Theresienstadt Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the Schutzstaffel, SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German occupation of Czechoslovakia, German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstad ...
, where she was put to death a few weeks later.


References


Further reading

* Ruth Negendanck: ''Hiddensee. Die besondere Insel für Künstler'', Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 2005, . * Ilka Wonschik: ''"Es war wohl ein anderer Stern, auf dem wir lebten …" : Künstlerinnen in Theresienstadt''. Berlin : Hentrich & Hentrich, 2014


External links

* *
Clara Arnheim
@ Der Hiddensoer Künstlerinnenbund {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnheim, Clara 1865 births 1942 deaths 19th-century German painters 20th-century German painters 20th-century German women artists 19th-century German women artists Jewish artists Jewish women artists Artists from Berlin German people who died in the Theresienstadt Ghetto German people executed in Nazi concentration camps