genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 The distribution of this genus is worldwide, individuals of some species sometimes occur in great numbers, from the

intertidal zone The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species o ...

up to depths of 200 m. Many species can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Japan, South Africa, Zanzibar, Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, West Africa, Angola, North Africa and Europe.

Shell description

These top shells are wide-conical and low spired. Their spirally ribbed

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

consists of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s show a profile with a deep suture and the final whorl inflated. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

of the shell is oval, with a strongly ridged lip. The umbilicus is generally deep. The color of the shell varies between orange, dark red, and chocolate brown.

Species

The type species, ''Clanculus pharaonius'', was described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

in 1758 as ''Trochus pharaonius''. Subgenus ''Clanculus (Paraclanculus)'' Finlay, 1926 * '' Clanculus (Paraclanculus) peccatus'' (Finlay, 1926) * † '' Clanculus adesus'' (Marwick, 1931) * ''

Clanculus albanyensis ''Clanculus albanyensis'', common name the yellow top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus albanyensis'' Jansen, 1995. Accessed through: World R ...

'' Jansen, 1995 * '' Clanculus albinus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus albugo'' (Watson, 1880) * '' Clanculus aloysii'' Tenison Woods, 1876 * '' Clanculus ater'' Pilsbry, 1911 * '' Clanculus atricatena'' J.R. Tomlin, 1921 * '' Clanculus atropurpureus'' A.A. Gould 1849 * '' Clanculus atypicus'' Iredale, 1912 * † '' Clanculus baccatus'' (Defrance 1824) * '' Clanculus bathyraphe'' ( E. A. Smith, 1862) * ''

Clanculus berthelotii ''Clanculus berthelotii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 11 mm. The small shell has a globose- ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1840) * '' Clanculus bicarinatus'' Angas, 1880 * '' Clanculus boyeti'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * † '' Clanculus brebioni'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * ''

Clanculus bronni ''Clanculus bronni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus bronni'' (Dunker, 1860). Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (R.W. Dunker, 1860) * '' Clanculus brunneus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus buijsei'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * ''

Clanculus ceylonicus ''Clanculus ceylonicus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus ceylonicus'' G. & H. Nevill, 1869. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' G.& H. Nevill, 1869 * '' Clanculus clanguloides'' Wood, 1828 * ''

Clanculus clangulus ''Clanculus clangulus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus clangulus'' (W. Wood, 1828). Accessed through: World Regist ...

'' (Wood, 1828) * '' Clanculus cognatus'' (Pilsbry, 1903) * '' Clanculus comarilis'' Ch. Hedley, 1912 * ''

Clanculus consobrinus ''Clanculus consobrinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus consobrinus'' Tate, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://w ...

'' R. Tate, 1893 * ''

Clanculus corallinus ''Clanculus corallinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The umbilicate shell has a globose-conic shape. ...

'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

, 1791) * '' Clanculus cristinae'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * ''

Clanculus cruciatus ''Clanculus cruciatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a globose-coni ...

'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * '' Clanculus denticulatus'' (Gray, 1827) * '' Clanculus depictus'' A. Adams, 1854 * '' Clanculus dunkeri'' (Koch, 1843) * ''

Clanculus edentulus ''Clanculus edentulus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the bottom snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus edentulus'' (A. Adams, 1853). Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus escondidus'' Poppe, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2009 * '' Clanculus eucarinatus'' Monfort 1810 * '' Clanculus euchelioides'' R. Tate, 1893 * ''

Clanculus flagellatus ''Clanculus flagellatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus flagellatus'' (Philippi, 1848). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1848) * ''

Clanculus floridus ''Clanculus floridus'', common name the florid clanculus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus floridus'' (Philippi, 1850). Accessed through: World Reg ...

'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1850) * ''

Clanculus flosculus ''Clanculus flosculus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 9 mm and 15 mm. The thick, narrowly perforate shell has a conoid sh ...

'' Fischer, 1880 * ''

Clanculus gemmulifer ''Clanculus gemmulifer'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus gemmulifer'' Pilsbry, 1901. Accessed through: World Register ...

'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1901 * '' Clanculus granti'' Ch. Hedley, 1907 * ''

Clanculus guineensis ''Clanculus guineensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. The very solid shell has a conical shape. It i ...

''

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

, 1791 * '' Clanculus johnstoni'' Ch. Hedley, 1917 * '' Clanculus jucundus'' Gould, 1861 * ''

Clanculus jussieui ''Clanculus jussieui'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. The species was named in honor of M. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, "professeur au Jardin du Roi." Description Th ...

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * '' Clanculus kinzelbachi'' F. Nordsieck, 1982 * '' Clanculus korkosi'' Singer et al., 2000 * '' Clanculus kraussii'' (Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus largillierti'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1849) * ''

Clanculus laurae ''Clanculus laurae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia. References

Clan ...

'' Cecalupo, Buzzurro & Mariani, 2008 * ''

Clanculus leucomphalus ''Clanculus leucomphalus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus leucomphalus'' Verco, 1905. Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' Verco, 1905 * '' Clanculus limbatus'' ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * '' Clanculus margaritarius'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1849) * '' Clanculus mariaemaris'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * '' Clanculus maugeri'' (Wood, 1828) * '' Clanculus mauritianus'' Melvill, 1909 * '' Clanculus maxillatus'' (C.T. Menke, 1843) * '' Clanculus microdon'' Monfort 1810 * '' Clanculus miniatus'' (H.E. Anton, 1839) * '' Clanculus minor'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus mixtus'' E.A. Smith, 1903 * '' Clanculus multipunctatus'' Jansen, 1995 * '' Clanculus natalensis'' Herbert, 1993 * '' Clanculus nigricans'' A. Adams, 1853: Incertae sedis * '' Clanculus ormophorus'' A. Adams, 1854 * ''

Clanculus persicus ''Clanculus persicus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus persicus'' Habe & Shikama n Shikama 1964. Accessed through: ...

'' Habe & Shikama, 1964 * ''

Clanculus personatus ''Clanculus personatus'', common name the masked clanculus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus personatus'' (Philippi, 1849). Accessed through: World ...

'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1846) * '' Clanculus petziae'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * ''

Clanculus pharaonius ''Clanculus pharaonius'', common name the strawberry topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It is the type species of this genus. Description The size of the shell varies bet ...

'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) * '' Clanculus philippii'' (Koch, 1843) * ''

Clanculus pini ''Clanculus pini'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell attains 11 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Senegal and G ...

'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * '' Clanculus plebejus'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1851) * '' Clanculus providentiae'' (Melvill, 1909) * '' Clanculus pseudocorallinus'' Gofas, 1984 * ''

Clanculus puniceus ''Clanculus puniceus'', common names the strawberry top shell or purplish clanculus, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top shells.WoRMS (2011). Clanculus puniceus (Philippi, 1846). Accessed ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus quadricingulatus'' Ludbrook N.H., 1941 * '' Clanculus rarus'' (Dufo, 1840) (

nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

) * ''

Clanculus richeri ''Clanculus richeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclas ...

'' Vilvens, 2000 * ''

Clanculus ringens ''Clanculus ringens'', common name the ringent clanculus, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus ringens'' (Menke, 1843). Accessed through: World Registe ...

'' C.T. Menke, 1843 * '' Clanculus robertsi''

Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...

, 1889 * '' Clanculus rubicundus'' Dunker, 1871 * '' Clanculus samoensis'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848) * † '' Clanculus sancticlementensis'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * ''

Clanculus santamariae ''Clanculus santamariae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Angola , national_anthem = " Ango ...

'' Gofas, 1984 * '' Clanculus scabrosus'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1850) * '' Clanculus scotti'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * ''

Clanculus simoni ''Clanculus simoni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 9.8 mm and 12.7 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off ...

'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * '' Clanculus spadiceus''

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1848 * '' Clanculus stigmatarius'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus thomasi'' (Crosse, 1864) * '' Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * † '' Clanculus umbilicovadus'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * '' Clanculus undatoides'' J. E. Tennison-Woods, 1879 * '' Clanculus undatus'' ( Lamarck, 1816) * ''

Clanculus villanus ''Clanculus villanus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 21 mm. It differs from the typical forms of ''Cla ...

'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1846) * '' Clanculus waltonae'' Sowerby, 1892 * '' Clanculus weedingi'' Cotton, 1938 ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Clanculus alfredensis'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus angeli'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus assabensis'' Caramagna, 1888 : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus becki'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus bicrenatus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''

Trochus bicrenatus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family (biology), fam ...

'' Gould, 1849 * ''Clanculus blainvillii'' Cantraine, 1842: synonym of ''Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Clanculus blandus'' Dunker, 1865 (nomen nudum): synonym of '' Clanculus stigmatarius'' A. Adams, 1853 * ''Clanculus callicoccus'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of '' Trochus callicoccus'' Philippi, 1849 Philippi (1849), "Systematisches Conchylien-cabinet"
/ref> * ''Clanculus capensis'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of

Gibbula capensis ''Gibbula capensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 10 mm and 14 mm. The narrowly umbilicated shell has a conoid-depresse ...

(Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus carinatus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus cariniferus'' (Beck in Reeve, 1842): synonym of '' Trochus cariniferus'' Reeve, 1842 * ''Clanculus clippertonensis'' Hertlein & Emerson 1953: synonym of '' Homalopoma clippertonense'' (Hertlein & Emerson, 1953) * ''Clanculus concavus'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

): synonym of '' Infundibulum concavum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus conspersus'' A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus couturii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus crassilabrum'' Sowerby III,1905: synonym of '' Herpetopoma crassilabrum'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905) * ''Clanculus danieli'' Crosse, 1862: synonym of ''

Eurytrochus danieli ''Eurytrochus danieli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Eurytrochus danieli'' (Crosse, 1862). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' (Crosse, 1862) * ''Clanculus dominicanus'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus elevatus'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus eucosmia'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus gatliffi'' Tomlin, 1924: synonym of ''Clanculus euchelioides'' Tate, 1893 * ''Clanculus gemmatus'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Euchelus gemmatus'' (Gould, 1845) * ''Clanculus gennesi'' Fischer, 1901 : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus gibbonsi'' Sowerby : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus gibbosus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus floridus'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Clanculus granosus'' J. Brazier, 1877 : synonym of ''Clanculus bronni'' Dunker, 1860 * ''Clanculus granoliratus'' Monterosato, 1889 : synonym of ''Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Clanculus hizenensis''

Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...

, 1901: synonym of ''Clanculus bronni'' Dunker, 1860 * ''Clanculus howeinsulae'' Salisbury, 1936: synonym of ''Clanculus thomasi'' (Crosse, 1862) * ''Clanculus kochii''

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1844: synonym of ''

Trochus kochii ''Trochus kochii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Trochus kochii Philippi, 1844. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...

'' Philippi, 1844 * ''Clanculus kowiensis'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus kraussi''

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

in Martini & Chemnitz, 1849 : synonym of ''Clanculus atricatena'' Tomlin, 1921 * ''Clanculus laceyi'' G. B. Sowerby, 1889: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus maculosus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus limbatus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Clanculus microdon ater'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1911 : synonym of ''Clanculus ater'' Pilsbry, 1901 * ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) sensu Macnae & Kalk, 1969: synonym of ''Clanculus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Clanculus miniatus'' auct.: synonym of ''Clanculus waltonae'' Sowerby III, 1892 * ''Clanculus nodiliratus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus nodulosus'' A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Trochus ferreirai'' Bozzetti, 1996 * ''Clanculus ochroleucus'' (

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1853): synonym of ''Clanculus albanyensis'' Jansen, 1995 * ''Clanculus omalomphalus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus brunneus'' Adams, 1853 * ''Clanculus patagonicus''

d'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...

, 1835: synonym of ''

Tegula patagonica ''Tegula patagonica'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Tegulidae.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Tegula patagonica'' (d'Orbigny, 1838). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1835) * ''Clanculus peccatus'' (Finlay, 1927): synonym of '' Clanculus (Paraclanculus) peccatus'' (Finlay, 1926) * ''Clanculus philomenae'' Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus plabeius'' Pritchard & Gatliff, 1902: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus puniceus'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

): synonym of ''Clanculus atricatena'' Tomlin, 1921 * ''Clanculus purpuratus'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus radiatus''

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

, 1791: synonym of ''

Trochus radiatus ''Trochus radiatus'', common name the radiate top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The thick, rather solid, trochoidal shell has a moderately elevated spire and ...

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Clanculus raphaeli'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus rotellina'' A. A. Gould, 1849 : synonym of '' Camitia rotellina'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Clanculus rubens'' ("A. Adams") Angas, 1865: synonym of ''Clanculus dunkeri'' Koch in Philippi, 1843 * ''Clanculus samoensis'' Rousseau in Hombron, J.B. & C.H. Jacquinot, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus atropurpureus'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Clanculus septenarius'' (Melvill & Standen, 1899): synonym of '' Pulchrastele septenaria'' (Melvill & Standen, 1899) * ''Clanculus trochiformis'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus unedo'' ( A. Adams, 1853): synonym of ''Clanculus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Clanculus variegatus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus limbatus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Clanculus yatesii'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of '' Clanculus philippii'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus zebrides'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus brunneus'' Adams, 1853

References

NZ Mollusca
* Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Checklist
* Blainville, H.M.D., 1817. ''Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature''. * Pilsbry, H.A., 1889. ''Manual of Conchology vol. XI'' Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Philadelphia. 1-519, pls 1-67 * Satyamurti, S.T., 1952. ''Mollusca of Krusadai Is. I. Amphineura and Gastropoda''. Bull. Madras Govt. Mus.; Nat. Hist.n.s., 1(2)(6):1-267. * Ludbrook, N. H., 1956. T''he molluscan fauna of the Pliocene strata underlying the Adelaide Plains. Part 3. Scaphopoda, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda (Haliotidae to Tornidae).'' Trans. R. Soc. SA, 79:1-36 * Cotton, B.C., 1959. ''South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda'' . South Australian Government Printer, Adelaide. 1-449. * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F., 1962 1/Dec/1962 ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Mem. Aust. Mus., 11:0-0 * Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J., 1962. ''Marine Mollusca of Victoria''. Melbourne Univ. Press, Melbourne. 475. * Ladd, H.S., 1966 1/Dec/1966 ''Chitons and gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from the western Pacific Islands''. United States Geological Survey, Professional Pape, 531:0-0 * Rajagopal, A.S. & Mookherjee, H.P., 1978. ''Contributions to the molluscan fauna of India. Pt. I. Marine molluscs of the Coromandel Coast, Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar - Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda''. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 12:1-48 * Herbert G.G. (1993). ''Revision of the Trochinae, tribe Trochini (Gastropoda: Trochidae) of southern Africa''. Annals of the natal Museum 34(2):239-308 * Wilson, B., 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA * Jansen, P., 1995 uly 1995 ''A review of the genus Clanculus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies and the introduction of a nomen novum.'' Vita Marina, 43(1-2):39-62. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 {{Taxonbar, from=Q2975416 Trochidae Gastropod genera