''Clanculus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

of sea snail, marine gastropod molluscs of the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resemb ...

, the top shells.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Clanculus Montfort, 1810. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138587 on 2011-04-07

Distribution

''Clanculus'' is an old genus. Fossils found in Italy date from the

Pliocene The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 The distribution of this genus is worldwide, individuals of some species sometimes occur in great numbers, from the intertidal zone up to depths of 200 m. Many species can be found in Australia, New Zealand, the Indo-Pacific, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Seychelles, Japan, South Africa, Zanzibar, Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, West Africa, Angola, North Africa and Europe.

Shell description

These top shells are wide-conical and low spired. Their spirally ribbed

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...

consists of conspicuous regular rows of robust, round beads. The

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s show a profile with a deep suture and the final whorl inflated. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

of the shell is oval, with a strongly ridged lip. The umbilicus is generally deep. The color of the shell varies between orange, dark red, and chocolate brown.

Species

The type species, ''Clanculus pharaonius'', was described by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his Nobility#Ennoblement, ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalise ...

in 1758 as ''Trochus pharaonius''. Subgenus ''Clanculus (Paraclanculus)'' Finlay, 1926 * '' Clanculus (Paraclanculus) peccatus'' (Finlay, 1926) * † '' Clanculus adesus'' (Marwick, 1931) * '' Clanculus albanyensis'' Jansen, 1995 * '' Clanculus albinus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus albugo'' (Watson, 1880) * '' Clanculus aloysii'' Tenison Woods, 1876 * '' Clanculus ater'' Pilsbry, 1911 * '' Clanculus atricatena'' J.R. Tomlin, 1921 * '' Clanculus atropurpureus'' A.A. Gould 1849 * '' Clanculus atypicus'' Iredale, 1912 * † '' Clanculus baccatus'' (Defrance 1824) * '' Clanculus bathyraphe'' ( E. A. Smith, 1862) * ''

Clanculus berthelotii ''Clanculus berthelotii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 5 mm and 11 mm. The small shell has a globose- ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1840) * '' Clanculus bicarinatus'' Angas, 1880 * '' Clanculus boyeti'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * † '' Clanculus brebioni'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * ''

Clanculus bronni ''Clanculus bronni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus bronni'' (Dunker, 1860). Accessed through: World Register of Mar ...

'' (R.W. Dunker, 1860) * '' Clanculus brunneus'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus buijsei'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * '' Clanculus ceylonicus'' G.& H. Nevill, 1869 * '' Clanculus clanguloides'' Wood, 1828 * '' Clanculus clangulus'' (Wood, 1828) * '' Clanculus cognatus'' (Pilsbry, 1903) * '' Clanculus comarilis'' Ch. Hedley, 1912 * ''

Clanculus consobrinus ''Clanculus consobrinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus consobrinus'' Tate, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://w ...

'' R. Tate, 1893 * ''

Clanculus corallinus ''Clanculus corallinus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The umbilicate shell has a globose-conic shape. ...

'' (

Gmelin Gmelin may refer to: * Gmelin's test, a chemical test * Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin People * Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...

, 1791) * '' Clanculus cristinae'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * ''

Clanculus cruciatus ''Clanculus cruciatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 10 mm. The narrowly umbilicate shell has a globose-coni ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, 1758) * '' Clanculus denticulatus'' (Gray, 1827) * '' Clanculus depictus'' A. Adams, 1854 * '' Clanculus dunkeri'' (Koch, 1843) * ''

Clanculus edentulus ''Clanculus edentulus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the bottom snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus edentulus'' (A. Adams, 1853). Accessed through: World Regi ...

'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus escondidus'' Poppe, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2009 * '' Clanculus eucarinatus'' Monfort 1810 * '' Clanculus euchelioides'' R. Tate, 1893 * ''

Clanculus flagellatus ''Clanculus flagellatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Rosenberg, G. (2012). ''Clanculus flagellatus'' (Philippi, 1848). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' ( Philippi, 1848) * '' Clanculus floridus'' ( Philippi, 1850) * '' Clanculus flosculus'' Fischer, 1880 * ''

Clanculus gemmulifer ''Clanculus gemmulifer'' is a species of sea snail, a marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Clanculus gemmulifer'' Pilsbry, 1901. Accessed through: World Register ...

'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1901 * '' Clanculus granti'' Ch. Hedley, 1907 * ''

Clanculus guineensis ''Clanculus guineensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 15 mm and 25 mm. The very solid shell has a conical shape. It i ...

, 1791 * '' Clanculus johnstoni'' Ch. Hedley, 1917 * '' Clanculus jucundus'' Gould, 1861 * ''

Clanculus jussieui ''Clanculus jussieui'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. The species was named in honor of M. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, "professeur au Jardin du Roi." Description Th ...

'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * '' Clanculus kinzelbachi'' F. Nordsieck, 1982 * '' Clanculus korkosi'' Singer et al., 2000 * '' Clanculus kraussii'' (Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus largillierti'' ( Philippi, 1849) * ''

Clanculus laurae ''Clanculus laurae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia. References

Clan ...

'' Cecalupo, Buzzurro & Mariani, 2008 * '' Clanculus leucomphalus'' Verco, 1905 * '' Clanculus limbatus'' ( Quoy &

Gaimard Joseph Paul Gaimard (31 January 1793 – 10 December 1858) was a French naval surgeon and naturalist. Biography Gaimard was born at Saint-Zacharie on January 31, 1793. He studied medicine at the naval medical school in Toulon, subsequent ...

, 1834) * '' Clanculus margaritarius'' ( Philippi, 1849) * '' Clanculus mariaemaris'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * '' Clanculus maugeri'' (Wood, 1828) * '' Clanculus mauritianus'' Melvill, 1909 * '' Clanculus maxillatus'' (C.T. Menke, 1843) * '' Clanculus microdon'' Monfort 1810 * '' Clanculus miniatus'' (H.E. Anton, 1839) * '' Clanculus minor'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus mixtus'' E.A. Smith, 1903 * '' Clanculus multipunctatus'' Jansen, 1995 * '' Clanculus natalensis'' Herbert, 1993 * '' Clanculus nigricans'' A. Adams, 1853:

Incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

* '' Clanculus ormophorus'' A. Adams, 1854 * '' Clanculus persicus'' Habe & Shikama, 1964 * '' Clanculus personatus'' ( Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus petziae'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * ''

Clanculus pharaonius ''Clanculus pharaonius'', common name the strawberry topshell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. It is the type species of this genus. Description The size of the shell varies bet ...

'' (

, 1758) * '' Clanculus philippii'' (Koch, 1843) * ''

Clanculus pini ''Clanculus pini'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell attains 11 mm. Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Senegal and G ...

'' Rubio & Rolan, 2002 * '' Clanculus plebejus'' ( Philippi, 1851) * '' Clanculus providentiae'' (Melvill, 1909) * '' Clanculus pseudocorallinus'' Gofas, 1984 * ''

Clanculus puniceus ''Clanculus puniceus'', common names the strawberry top shell or purplish clanculus, is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top shells.WoRMS (2011). Clanculus puniceus (Philippi, 1846). Acce ...

'' (Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus quadricingulatus'' Ludbrook N.H., 1941 * '' Clanculus rarus'' (Dufo, 1840) ( nomen dubium) * ''

Clanculus richeri ''Clanculus richeri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclas ...

'' Vilvens, 2000 * '' Clanculus ringens'' C.T. Menke, 1843 * '' Clanculus robertsi''

Pilsbry Henry Augustus Pilsbry (7 December 1862 – 26 October 1957) was an American biologist, malacologist and carcinologist, among other areas of study. He was a dominant presence in many fields of invertebrate taxonomy for the better part of a centu ...

, 1889 * '' Clanculus rubicundus'' Dunker, 1871 * '' Clanculus samoensis'' (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1848) * † '' Clanculus sancticlementensis'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * ''

Clanculus santamariae ''Clanculus santamariae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description Distribution This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Angola , national_anthem = " Ango ...

'' Gofas, 1984 * '' Clanculus scabrosus'' ( Philippi, 1850) * '' Clanculus scotti'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * ''

Clanculus simoni ''Clanculus simoni'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 9.8 mm and 12.7 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off ...

'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 * '' Clanculus spadiceus'' Philippi, 1848 * '' Clanculus stigmatarius'' A. Adams, 1853 * '' Clanculus thomasi'' (Crosse, 1864) * '' Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * † '' Clanculus umbilicovadus'' Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2017 * '' Clanculus undatoides'' J. E. Tennison-Woods, 1879 * '' Clanculus undatus'' (

Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biolo ...

, 1816) * ''

Clanculus villanus ''Clanculus villanus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The size of an adult shell varies between 10 mm and 21 mm. It differs from the typical forms of ''Cla ...

'' ( Philippi, 1846) * '' Clanculus waltonae'' Sowerby, 1892 * '' Clanculus weedingi'' Cotton, 1938 ;Species brought into synonymy : * ''Clanculus alfredensis'' Bartsch, 1915: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus angeli'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus assabensis'' Caramagna, 1888 : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus becki'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus bicrenatus'' Gould, 1849: synonym of ''

Trochus bicrenatus ''Trochus'' is a genus of medium-sized to large, top-shaped sea snails with an operculum (gastropod), operculum and a pearly inside to their shells, Marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Trochinae of the family (biology), fam ...

'' Gould, 1849 * ''Clanculus blainvillii'' Cantraine, 1842: synonym of ''Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Clanculus blandus'' Dunker, 1865 (nomen nudum): synonym of '' Clanculus stigmatarius'' A. Adams, 1853 * ''Clanculus callicoccus'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of '' Trochus callicoccus'' Philippi, 1849 Philippi (1849), "Systematisches Conchylien-cabinet"
/ref> * ''Clanculus capensis'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Gibbula capensis (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus carinatus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus cariniferus'' (Beck in Reeve, 1842): synonym of ''

Trochus cariniferus ''Trochus cariniferus'' is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P.; Rosenberg, G. (2014). Trochus cariniferus Reeve, 1842. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' Reeve, 1842 * ''Clanculus clippertonensis'' Hertlein & Emerson 1953: synonym of '' Homalopoma clippertonense'' (Hertlein & Emerson, 1953) * ''Clanculus concavus'' (

): synonym of '' Infundibulum concavum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus conspersus'' A. Adams, 1853 : synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus couturii'' Payraudeau, 1826: synonym of ''Clanculus corallinus'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Clanculus crassilabrum'' Sowerby III,1905: synonym of ''

Herpetopoma crassilabrum ''Herpetopoma crassilabrum'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chilodontidae. Distribution This marine species occurs off Sri Lanka. References Gastropods described in 1905 crassilabrum ''Crassilabru ...

'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1905) * ''Clanculus danieli'' Crosse, 1862: synonym of ''

Eurytrochus danieli ''Eurytrochus danieli'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Eurytrochus danieli'' (Crosse, 1862). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www ...

'' (Crosse, 1862) * ''Clanculus dominicanus'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus elevatus'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus eucosmia'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus gatliffi'' Tomlin, 1924: synonym of ''Clanculus euchelioides'' Tate, 1893 * ''Clanculus gemmatus'' Gould, 1845: synonym of '' Euchelus gemmatus'' (Gould, 1845) * ''Clanculus gennesi'' Fischer, 1901 : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus gibbonsi'' Sowerby : synonym of ''Clanculus tonnerrei'' (G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1874) * ''Clanculus gibbosus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus floridus'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Clanculus granosus'' J. Brazier, 1877 : synonym of ''Clanculus bronni'' Dunker, 1860 * ''Clanculus granoliratus'' Monterosato, 1889 : synonym of ''Clanculus jussieui'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * ''Clanculus hizenensis''

, 1901: synonym of ''Clanculus bronni'' Dunker, 1860 * ''Clanculus howeinsulae'' Salisbury, 1936: synonym of ''Clanculus thomasi'' (Crosse, 1862) * ''Clanculus kochii'' Philippi, 1844: synonym of ''

Trochus kochii ''Trochus kochii'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2014). Trochus kochii Philippi, 1844. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...

'' Philippi, 1844 * ''Clanculus kowiensis'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus kraussi'' Philippi in Martini & Chemnitz, 1849 : synonym of ''Clanculus atricatena'' Tomlin, 1921 * ''Clanculus laceyi'' G. B. Sowerby, 1889: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus maculosus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus limbatus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Clanculus microdon ater'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1911 : synonym of ''Clanculus ater'' Pilsbry, 1901 * ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) sensu Macnae & Kalk, 1969: synonym of ''Clanculus puniceus'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Clanculus miniatus'' auct.: synonym of ''Clanculus waltonae'' Sowerby III, 1892 * ''Clanculus nodiliratus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus nodulosus'' A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Trochus ferreirai'' Bozzetti, 1996 * ''Clanculus ochroleucus'' ( Philippi, 1853): synonym of ''Clanculus albanyensis'' Jansen, 1995 * ''Clanculus omalomphalus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus brunneus'' Adams, 1853 * ''Clanculus patagonicus''

d'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthrop ...

, 1835: synonym of '' Tegula patagonica'' (d'Orbigny, 1835) * ''Clanculus peccatus'' (Finlay, 1927): synonym of '' Clanculus (Paraclanculus) peccatus'' (Finlay, 1926) * ''Clanculus philomenae'' Tenison-Woods, 1876: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus plabeius'' Pritchard & Gatliff, 1902: synonym of ''Clanculus plebejus'' (Philippi, 1852) * ''Clanculus puniceus'' (

, 1758): synonym of ''Clanculus atricatena'' Tomlin, 1921 * ''Clanculus purpuratus'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus radiatus''

, 1791: synonym of ''

Trochus radiatus ''Trochus radiatus'', common name the radiate top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails. Description The thick, rather solid, trochoidal shell has a moderately elevated spire and ...

'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Clanculus raphaeli'' Tenison-Woods, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus philippi'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus rotellina'' A. A. Gould, 1849 : synonym of '' Camitia rotellina'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Clanculus rubens'' ("A. Adams") Angas, 1865: synonym of ''Clanculus dunkeri'' Koch in Philippi, 1843 * ''Clanculus samoensis'' Rousseau in Hombron, J.B. & C.H. Jacquinot, 1877: synonym of ''Clanculus atropurpureus'' (Gould, 1849) * ''Clanculus septenarius'' (Melvill & Standen, 1899): synonym of '' Pulchrastele septenaria'' (Melvill & Standen, 1899) * ''Clanculus trochiformis'' Turton, 1932: synonym of ''Clanculus miniatus'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Clanculus unedo'' ( A. Adams, 1853): synonym of ''Clanculus margaritarius'' (Philippi, 1846) * ''Clanculus variegatus'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus limbatus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * ''Clanculus yatesii'' Crosse, 1863: synonym of '' Clanculus philippii'' (Koch in Philippi, 1843) * ''Clanculus zebrides'' A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Clanculus brunneus'' Adams, 1853

References

NZ Mollusca
* Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Checklist
* Blainville, H.M.D., 1817. ''Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature''. * Pilsbry, H.A., 1889. ''Manual of Conchology vol. XI'' Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Philadelphia. 1-519, pls 1-67 * Satyamurti, S.T., 1952. ''Mollusca of Krusadai Is. I. Amphineura and Gastropoda''. Bull. Madras Govt. Mus.; Nat. Hist.n.s., 1(2)(6):1-267. * Ludbrook, N. H., 1956. T''he molluscan fauna of the Pliocene strata underlying the Adelaide Plains. Part 3. Scaphopoda, Polyplacophora, Gastropoda (Haliotidae to Tornidae).'' Trans. R. Soc. SA, 79:1-36 * Cotton, B.C., 1959. ''South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda'' . South Australian Government Printer, Adelaide. 1-449. * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F., 1962 1/Dec/1962 ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Mem. Aust. Mus., 11:0-0 * Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J., 1962. ''Marine Mollusca of Victoria''. Melbourne Univ. Press, Melbourne. 475. * Ladd, H.S., 1966 1/Dec/1966 ''Chitons and gastropods (Haliotidae through Adeorbidae) from the western Pacific Islands''. United States Geological Survey, Professional Pape, 531:0-0 * Rajagopal, A.S. & Mookherjee, H.P., 1978. ''Contributions to the molluscan fauna of India. Pt. I. Marine molluscs of the Coromandel Coast, Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar - Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda''. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, 12:1-48 * Herbert G.G. (1993). ''Revision of the Trochinae, tribe Trochini (Gastropoda: Trochidae) of southern Africa''. Annals of the natal Museum 34(2):239-308 * Wilson, B., 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA * Jansen, P., 1995 uly 1995 ''A review of the genus Clanculus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies and the introduction of a nomen novum.'' Vita Marina, 43(1-2):39-62. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 {{Taxonbar, from=Q2975416 Trochidae Gastropod genera