''Cladonia wainioi'' or the Wainio's cup lichen is a species of

cup lichen A cup is an open-top used to hold hot or cold liquids for pouring or drinking; while mainly used for drinking, it also can be used to store solids for pouring (e.g., sugar, flour, grains, salt). Cups may be made of glass, metal, china, clay, ...

found in

boreal Boreal may refer to: Climatology and geography *Boreal (age), the first climatic phase of the Blytt-Sernander sequence of northern Europe, during the Holocene epoch *Boreal climate, a climate characterized by long winters and short, cool to mild ...

and

arctic The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...

regions of the

Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admini ...

and northern North America.

Taxonomy

''Cladonia wainioi'' was described as a new species by Russian lichenologist

Vsevolod Savich Vsevolod Pavlovich Savich (; 19 February 1885 – 25 May 1972) was a Soviet lichenologist. He headed the Section of Cryptogamic Plants of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Savich died in Leningrad ...

(1885–1972) in 1914. The first scientific specimens were collected in the

Kamchatka Peninsula The Kamchatka Peninsula (russian: полуостров Камчатка, Poluostrov Kamchatka, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and we ...

. The

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

honours Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Wainio. In early

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis of genus ''

Cladonia ''Cladonia'' is a genus of moss-like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. ''Cladonia'' species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets ...

'', ''Cladonia wainioi'' was positioned as basal to the rest of the Cladoniae. Stenroos and colleagues proposed placing it in subdivision I of ''Cladonia'', a deviation from the placement in ''Cladonia'' section ''Ascyphiferae'' proposed by

Teuvo Ahti Teuvo ("Ted") Tapio Ahti (born 1934) is a Finnish botanist and lichenologist. He has had a long career at the University of Helsinki that started in 1963, and then following his retirement in 1997, at the Botanical Museum of the Finnish Museum ...

a couple of years before. They suggested that ''C. wainioi'' is "rather distinct in its cladinioid branching and its production of

merochlorophaeic acid Merochlorophaeic acid is a depside A depside is a type of polyphenolic compound composed of two or more monocyclic aromatic units linked by an ester bond. Depsides are most often found in lichens, but have also been isolated from higher plants, ...

Description

''Cladonia wainioi'' has greenish to brownish mineral-grey

podetia A podetium (plural: podetia) is the upright secondary thallus in ''Cladonia'' lichens. It is a hollow stalk extending from the primary thallus. Podetia can be pointed stalks, club like, cupped, or branched in shape and may or may not contain the a ...

that are covered with small scales (squamulate). The axils (the inner junction of a branchlet with a branch or with another branchlet) are open. Pycnidia are common, while apothecia are rare. ''Cladonia wainioi'' is highly branched, and similar in form to the common species '' Cladonia multiformis'' and '' Cladonia furcata''. The latter two species, however, have a

lichen spot test A spot test in lichenology is a spot analysis used to help identify lichens. It is performed by placing a drop of a chemical on different parts of the lichen and noting the colour change (or lack thereof) associated with application of the chemical ...

of PD+ red, while ''C. wainioi'' is PD−.

Habitat and distribution

''Cladonia wainioi'' grows in

bogs A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main Wetland#Types, types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, ...

and rocks in

regions of eastern Asia and northern North America. Its Asian range extends south to Japan, while the North American distribution extends from

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S., ...

Newfoundland Newfoundland and Labrador (; french: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; frequently abbreviated as NL) is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region ...

south to mountains in

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q21248449 wainioi Lichen species Lichens described in 1914 Lichens of Asia Lichens of North America Lichens of the Arctic Lichens of the Russian Far East Taxa named by Vsevolod Savich

Taxonomy

Description

Habitat and distribution

See also

References