''Citrus macroptera'', also known as Shatkora or hatkhora ( syl, ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣ, ) cabuyao,Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 ''Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition''. Springer
in Google Books
/ref> Melanesian papeda, or wild orange,Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: ''Citrus'' (citrus) and ''Fortunella'' (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family)
pdf
/ref> is a semi-wild species of

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as Orange (fruit), oranges, Lemon, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and lim ...

native to Sylhet region (South Asia),

Malesia Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom. It has been given different definitions. The ...

and

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from Indonesia's New Guinea in the west to Fiji in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Va ...

. Some authorities consider ''C. macroptera'' to be a

taxonomic synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnae ...

of ''C. hystrix'' (kaffir lime), while others consider ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' to be a synonym of ''C. hystrix'', but not ''C. macroptera'' var. ''macroptera''.

Description

''Citrus macroptera'' is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf. The tree, which has

thorns Thorn(s) or The Thorn(s) may refer to: Botany * Thorns, spines, and prickles, sharp structures on plants * ''Crataegus monogyna'', or common hawthorn, a plant species Comics and literature * Rose and Thorn, the two personalities of two DC Com ...

, can reach in height. Its fruit is about in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.

Varieties

The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia

/ref> * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''macroptera'' * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf. * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''combara'' (Raf.) Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf. * ''C. macroptera'' var. ''kerrii'' Swingle -> ''C. kerrii'' ( Swingle) Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka

Cultivation

A cultivar of ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' known as 'Sat Kara',M. N. Miah, Sahina Islam, and Syed Hadiuzzaman 2002. Regeneration of plantlets through somatic embryogenesis from nucellus tissue of ''Citrus macroptera'' Mont. var. ''anammensis'' (‘Sat Kara’). ''Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology'' 12(2):167-17
pdf
/ref> is grown primarily in the

Sylhet Division Sylhet Division ( bn, সিলেট বিভাগ) is the northeastern division of Bangladesh. It is bordered by the Indian states of Meghalaya, Assam and Tripura to the north, east and south respectively, and by the Bangladeshi divisions of ...

of northeastern

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

where it is called "hatkhora".

Uses

Culinary uses

In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of the ''Citrus macroptera'' is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish

curries A curry is a dish with a sauce seasoned with spices, mainly associated with South Asian cuisine. In southern India, leaves from the curry tree may be included. There are many varieties of curry. The choice of spices for each dish in tradit ...

. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also a primary ingredient in satkora/shatkora

pickles Pickles may refer to: Dogs * Pickles (dog) (died 1967), a dog that found the stolen World Cup trophy in 1966 * Pickles (pickleball), a dog often cited as the name origin for the sport of pickleball * Mr. Pickles, the titular demonic dog in an ...

. It is also used in

doner kebab Doner kebab (, ; tr, döner or , ), also spelled döner kebab, is a type of kebab, made of meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie. Seasoned meat stacked in the shape of an inverted cone is turned slowly on the rotisserie, next to a vertical co ...

s in

British Bangladeshi British Bangladeshis ( bn, বিলাতী বাংলাদেশী, Bilatī Bangladeshī) are people of Bangladeshi origin who have attained citizenship in the United Kingdom, through immigration and historical naturalisation. The term ...

fast-food restaurants.

Perfumery

Many of the ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' fruits are exported from Bangladesh, exacting a high price because their oil is used in the

perfume Perfume (, ; french: parfum) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Th ...

industry.

References

External links

USDA PLANTS profile
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5122910 macroptera Agriculture in Bangladesh Bangladeshi cuisine Bengali cuisine Economy of Bangladesh Flora of tropical Asia Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of Oceania Sylheti cuisine