''Citharexylum'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

verbena ''Verbena'' (), also known as vervain or verveine, is a genus in the family Verbenaceae. It contains about 150 species of annual and perennial herbaceous or semi-woody flowering plants. The majority of the species are native to the Americas a ...

family,

Verbenaceae The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell. The ...

. It contains

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

and

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, ranging from southern

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

and

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 ...

in the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The highest diversity occurs in

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

and the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

. The generic name is derived from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

words κιθάρα (''

kithara The kithara (or Latinized cithara) ( el, κιθάρα, translit=kithāra, lat, cithara) was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the yoke lutes family. In modern Greek the word ''kithara'' has come to mean "guitar", a word which etymologic ...

''), meaning "

lyre The lyre () is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute-family of instruments. In organology, a lyre is considered a yoke lute, since it is a lute in which the strings are attached to a yoke ...

", and ξύλον (''xylon''), meaning "wood," referring to the

use Use may refer to: * Use (law), an obligation on a person to whom property has been conveyed * Use (liturgy), a special form of Roman Catholic ritual adopted for use in a particular diocese * Use–mention distinction, the distinction between using ...

of the wood in the

sounding board A sounding board, also known as a tester and abat-voix is a structure placed above and sometimes also behind a pulpit or other speaking platform that helps to project the sound of the speaker. It is usually made of wood. The structure may be spe ...

s of

string instrument String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. Musicians play some string instruments by plucking the ...

s. Several species, especially '' C. caudatum'' and '' C. spinosum'', are cultivated as

ornamentals Ornamental plants or garden plants are plants that are primarily grown for their beauty but also for qualities such as scent or how they shape physical space. Many flowering plants and garden varieties tend to be specially bred cultivars that i ...

. ;Species # '' Citharexylum affine'' D.Don - from northern Mexico to Nicaragua # '' Citharexylum alainii'' Moldenke - Dominican Republic # '' Citharexylum albicaule'' Turcz. - Cuba # ''

Citharexylum altamiranum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Greenm. - northeastern Mexico # ''

Citharexylum andinum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Moldenke - Bolivia, Jujuy Province of Argentina # ''

Citharexylum argutedentatum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Moldenke - Peru # ''

Citharexylum berlandieri ''Citharexylum berlandieri'' is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae, that is native to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States and Mexico as far south as Oaxaca. Common names include Tamaulipan fiddl ...

'' B.L. Rob. - from Texas to Oaxaca - Berlandier's fiddlewood, Tamaulipan fiddlewood # ''

Citharexylum bourgeauanum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' Greenm. - Veracruz, Oaxaca # ''

Citharexylum brachyanthum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' (A.Gray ex Hemsl.) A.Gray - Texas, Coahuila, Nuevo León - Boxthorn fiddlewood, Mexican fiddlewood # '' Citharexylum bullatum'' Moldenke - Colombia # '' Citharexylum calvum'' Moldenke - Quintana Roo # ''

Citharexylum caudatum ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' L. - southern Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Colombia, Peru - Juniper berry # '' Citharexylum chartaceum'' Moldenke - Peru, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum cooperi'' Standl. - Costa Rica, Panama, Guatemala # '' Citharexylum costaricense'' Moldenke - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras # '' Citharexylum crassifolium'' Greenm - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras # '' Citharexylum danirae'' León de la Luz & F.Chiang - Revillagigedo Islands of Baja California # '' Citharexylum decorum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Citharexylum dentatum'' D.Don - Peru # '' Citharexylum discolor'' Turcz. - Cuba, Hispaniola # '' Citharexylum donnell-smithii'' Greenm. - Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America # '' Citharexylum dryanderae'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum ekmanii'' Moldenke - Cuba # '' Citharexylum ellipticum'' Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - Veracruz, Campeche, Tabasco; naturalized in Cuba + Cayman Islands # '' Citharexylum endlichii'' Moldenke - northeastern Mexico # '' Citharexylum flabellifolium'' S.Watson - Sonora, Baja California # '' Citharexylum flexuosum'' (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don - Bolivia, Peru # '' Citharexylum fulgidum'' Moldenke - Veracruz, northeastern Mexico # '' Citharexylum gentryi'' Moldenke - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum glabrum'' (S.Watson) Greenm - Oaxaca # '' Citharexylum glaziovii'' Moldenke - eastern Brazil # '' Citharexylum grandiflorum'' Aymard & Rueda - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum guatemalense'' (Moldenke) D.N.Gibson - Guatemala, Nicaragua # '' Citharexylum herrerae'' Mansf. - Peru # '' Citharexylum hexangulare'' Greenm. - from northern Mexico to Costa Rica # '' Citharexylum hidalgense'' Moldenke - Mexico # '' Citharexylum hintonii'' Moldenke - México State # '' Citharexylum hirtellum'' Standl. - from Veracruz to Panama # '' Citharexylum ilicifolium'' Kunth - Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum iltisii'' Moldenke - Peru # '' Citharexylum × jamaicense'' Moldenke - Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico ''(C. caudatum × C. spinosum)'' # '' Citharexylum joergensenii'' (Lillo) Moldenke - Argentina, Bolivia # '' Citharexylum karstenii'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Citharexylum kerberi'' Greenm. - Veracruz # '' Citharexylum kobuskianum'' Moldenke - Peru # '' Citharexylum krukovii'' Moldenke - eastern Brazil # '' Citharexylum kunthianum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum laetum'' Hiern - southern Brazil # '' Citharexylum laurifolium'' Hayek - Bolivia, Peru # '' Citharexylum lemsii'' Moldenke - Guanacaste Province in Costa Rica # '' Citharexylum × leonis'' Moldenke - Cuba ''(C. caudatum × C. tristachyum)'' # '' Citharexylum ligustrifolium'' (Thur. ex Decne.) Van Houtte - Mexico # '' Citharexylum lojense'' Moldenke - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum lucidum'' Cham. & Schltdl. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum lycioides'' D.Don - Mexico # '' Citharexylum macradenium'' Greenm. - Panama, Costa Rica # '' Citharexylum macrochlamys'' Pittier - Panama, Colombia # '' Citharexylum macrophyllum'' Poir. - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guianas, northwestern Brazil # '' Citharexylum matheanum'' Borhidi & Kereszty - Cuba # '' Citharexylum matudae'' Moldenke - Chiapas # '' Citharexylum mexicanum'' Moldenke - Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca # '' Citharexylum microphyllum'' (DC.) O.E.Schulz - Hisipaniola # '' Citharexylum mirifolium'' Moldenke - Colombia, Venezuela # ''

Citharexylum mocinoi ''Citharexylum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the verbena family, Verbenaceae. It contains shrub and tree species commonly known as fiddlewoods or zitherwoods. They are native to the Americas, ranging from southern Florida and Texas in the ...

'' D.Don - Mexico, Central America # '' Citharexylum montanum'' Moldenke - Colombia, Ecuador # '' Citharexylum montevidense'' (Spreng.) Moldenke - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay # '' Citharexylum myrianthum'' Cham. - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay # '' Citharexylum obtusifolium'' Kuhlm - Espírito Santo # '' Citharexylum oleinum'' (Benth. ex Lindl.) Moldenke - Mexico # '' Citharexylum ovatifolium'' Greenm. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum pachyphyllum'' Moldenke - Peru # '' Citharexylum pernambucense'' Moldenke - eastern Brazil # '' Citharexylum poeppigii''

Walp. Wilhelm Gerhard Walpers (26 December 1816 in Mühlhausen – 18 June 1853 in Berlin) was a German botanist. This botanist is denoted by the List of botanists by author abbreviation, author abbreviation Walp. when Author citation (botany), citing a ...

- Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil # '' Citharexylum punctatum'' Greenm. - Bolivia, Peru # '' Citharexylum quercifolium'' Hayek - Peru # '' Citharexylum quitense'' Spreng. - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum racemosum'' Sessé & Moc. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum reticulatum'' Kunth - Ecuador, Peru # '' Citharexylum rigidum'' (Briq.) Moldenke - Paraguay, southern Brazil # '' Citharexylum rimbachii'' Moldenke - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum rosei'' Greenm. - Mexico # '' Citharexylum roxanae'' Moldenke - Baja California # '' Citharexylum scabrum'' Moc. & Sessé ex D.Don - northern Mexico # '' Citharexylum schottii'' Greenm. - southern Mexico, Central America # '' Citharexylum schulzii'' Urb. & Ekman - Hispaniola # '' Citharexylum sessaei'' D.Don - Mexico # '' Citharexylum shrevei'' Moldenke - Sonora # '' Citharexylum solanaceum'' Cham. - southern Brazil # '' Citharexylum spinosum'' L. – Spiny fiddlewood - West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, the Guianas; naturalized in India, Mozambique, Fiji, Bermuda # '' Citharexylum stenophyllum'' Urb. & Ekman - Haiti # '' Citharexylum steyermarkii'' Moldenke - Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala # '' Citharexylum suberosum'' Loes. ex Moldenke - Cuba # '' Citharexylum subflavescens'' S.F.Blake - Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru # '' Citharexylum subthyrsoideum'' Pittier - Colombia, Venezuela # '' Citharexylum subtruncatum'' Moldenke - northwestern Brazil # '' Citharexylum sulcatum'' Moldenke - Colombia # '' Citharexylum svensonii'' Moldenke - Ecuador # '' Citharexylum teclense'' Standl. - El Salvador # '' Citharexylum ternatum'' Moldenke - Cuba # '' Citharexylum tetramerum'' Brandegee - Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán in Mexico # '' Citharexylum tristachyum'' Turcz. – Threespike Fiddlewood - Cuba, Jamaica, Leeward Islands # '' Citharexylum ulei'' Moldenke - Colombia, Peru, northwestern Brazil # '' Citharexylum vallense'' Moldenke - Colombia # '' Citharexylum venezuelense'' Moldenke - Venezuela # '' Citharexylum weberbaueri'' Hayek - Peru

Formerly placed here

*'' Rhaphithamnus spinosus'' (Juss.) Moldenke (as. ''C. cyanocarpum'' Hook. & Arn.) * ''Citharexylum elegans'' Phil. ex Miers, a synonym for '' Rhaphithamnus venustus''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2719913 Verbenaceae genera