''Cistus heterophyllus'' is a
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
by
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
of
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
in the family
Cistaceae
The Cistaceae are a small family of plants (rock-rose or rock rose family) known for their beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom. This family consists of about 170(-200) species in nine genera that are ...
.
Description
''Cistus heterophyllus'' grows up to tall, forming an erect, much-branched
shrub
A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...
. Its leaves are elliptical to lanceolate in shape, usually long, the upper surfaces being dark green with stellate and simple hairs, and the lower surfaces whitish with a coating of short hairs. The leaf margins are slightly turned under (revolute) and the veins are much more obvious on the underside. The leaves are of two kinds: the upper are without stalks (
petioles), the lower have short stalks. The flowers are arranged in
cymes
An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed on ...
of one to five individual flowers, each with five purplish-pink petals, usually with a yellow spot at the base. Like the leaves, the five
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...
s have stellate hairs, plus some longer simple hairs. The fruit capsule is about high containing angular brownish seeds.
[
The two described subspecies differ in the distribution of hairs. In ''C. h.'' subsp. ''heterophyllus'', the young stems have both many stellate hairs and many longer simple hairs, and the leaves have scattered long simple hairs. In ''C. h.'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'', the young stems and leaves have fewer simple hairs. The outer two sepals of ''C. h.'' subsp. ''heterophyllus'' average about long by wide, whereas those of ''C. h.'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'' are smaller, averaging about long by wide. The petals of ''C. h.'' subsp. ''heterophyllus'' are about long by wide, making the flower diameter typically . Although there is considerable variation and the size ranges overlap, the petals of ''C. h.'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'' may be as small as long and wide, making the flower diameter typically .][
]
Taxonomy and phylogeny
''Cistus heterophyllus'' was first described by René Louiche Desfontaines
René Louiche Desfontaines (14 February 1750 – 16 November 1833) was a French botanist.
Desfontaines was born near Tremblay, Ille-et-Vilaine , Tremblay in Brittany. He attended the Collège de Rennes and in 1773 went to Paris to study medi ...
in 1798.[ The specific epithet ''heterophyllus'' means "with leaves of different shapes",][ the upper being unstalked, the lower shortly stalked.
Two subspecies are accepted:][
* ''Cistus heterophyllus'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'' (Pau) M.B.Crespo & Mateo – mainland ]Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, i ...
* ''Cistus heterophyllus'' subsp. ''heterophyllus'' – north Africa
The two subspecies have been artificially crossed forming a hybrid subspecies called ''C. h.'' nothosubsp. ''marzoi''.[
A 2011 molecular phylogenetic study placed ''C. heterophyllus'' in the purple and pink flowered clade (PPC) of ''Cistus'' species, in a subclade with '' C. albidus'' and '' C. creticus''.][
]
Distribution
''Cistus heterophyllus'' has a disjoint distribution. ''C. h.'' subsp. ''heterophyllus'' is native to western North Africa, along the coastal Mediterranean region from the Spanish island of Peñón de Alhucemas
The Alhucemas Islands ( es, Islas Alhucemas, ar, جزر الحسيمة) is a group of islands and one of the Spanish ''plazas de soberanía'' just off the Moroccan coast in the Alboran Sea.
Overview
Peñón de Alhucemas, together with th ...
and Targuist
Targuist (Tarifit: Targist, ⵜⴰⵔⴳⵉⵙⵜ; Arabic: تارجيست) is a town in Al Hoceïma Province, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb ...
in Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
to Algiers
Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...
.[ ''C. h.'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'' is found only in two locations in mainland Spain: near ]La Pobla de Vallbona La Pobla de Vallbona () is a municipality in the Provinces of Spain, province of Province of Valencia, Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain.
History of the shield of La Pobla de Vallbona
The shield of La Pobla de Vallbona was mainly create ...
in Valencia
Valencia ( va, València) is the capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, Valencia and the Municipalities of Spain, third-most populated municipality in Spain, with 791,413 inhabitants. It is ...
and in the Calblanque Regional Park
Calblanque Regional Park, Monte de las Cenizas y Peña del Águila is a regional park in the south-east of Spain, and in this country in the autonomous community Región de Murcia. In this region, it is located in the municipalities Cartagena and ...
in Murcia
Murcia (, , ) is a city in south-eastern Spain, the capital and most populous city of the autonomous community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country. It has a population of 460,349 inhabitants in 2021 (about one ...
.[
]
Conservation
''Cistus heterophyllus'' subsp. ''carthaginensis'' is listed as critically endangered (CR) in the IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...
.[ Fewer than 30 individuals were known in 2011 (only one at the Valencian site) and some appear to be hybrids with '']Cistus albidus
''Cistus albidus'', the grey-leaved cistus, is a shrubby species of flowering plant in the family Cistaceae, with pink to purple flowers, native to south-western Europe and western north Africa.
Description
''Cistus albidus'' grows up to tall. ...
''.[ The subspecies is threatened by fires and human disturbance. Seeds have been stored in seedbanks, and attempts are being made to increase plants in cultivation, both from seed and in vitro.][
]
References
External links
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q8346474
heterophyllus