This article contains a list of cinematic techniques that are divided into categories and briefly described.
Basic definitions of terms
;
180-degree rule
:A continuity editorial technique in which sequential shots of two or more actors within a scene are all shot with the camera on one side of the two actors so that a coherent spatial relationship and
eyeline match are maintained.
;Airborne shot
:A shot taken from an aerial device, generally while moving. This technique has gained popularity in recent years due to the popularity and growing availability of drones.
;Arc
:A dolly shot where the camera moves in an arc along a circular or elliptical radius in relation to the subject ("arc left" or "arc right")
;
Backlighting (lighting design)
:The main source of light is behind the subject, silhouetting it, and directed toward the camera.
;Bridging shot
:A shot used to cover a jump in time or place or other discontinuity. Examples are a clock face showing advancing time, falling calendar pages, railroad wheels, newspaper headlines and seasonal changes. Bridge shots are also used to avoid jump cuts when inserting a
pick-up.
;
Camera angle
:The point of view or viewing position adopted by the camera with respect to its subject. Most common types are
:*
High-angle shot (the camera is higher than its subject)
:*
Low-angle shot (the camera is lower than its subject)
;
Close-up
: A frame depicting the human head or an object of similar size.
;Cut
: An editorial transition signified by the immediate replacement of one shot with another.
;
Cross-cutting
:Cutting between different events occurring simultaneously in different locations. Especially in narrative filmmaking, cross-cutting is traditionally used to build suspense or to suggest a thematic relationship between two sets of actions.
;
Continuity editing
:An editorial style that preserves the illusion of undisrupted time and space across editorial transitions (especially cuts).
;
Deep focus
Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field. Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in an image, or how much of it appears sharp and clear. In deep focus, the foreground, middle ground, and ...
:A technique in which objects in the extreme foreground and objects in the extreme background are kept equally in focus.
;
Dissolve
:An editorial transition overlapping a fade in and a fade out in such a way that one image gradually disappears while another simultaneously emerges. This transition generally suggest a longer period of narrative elapses than is suggested by cuts.
;
Camera Dolly
:A wheeled cart or similar device upon which a movie camera is mounted to give it smooth, horizontal mobility.
;Dollying or Dolly shot
:A shot in which the camera moves horizontally either toward or away from its subject, or right or left in relation to the subject. Traditionally dolly shots are filmed from a
camera dolly but the same motion may also be performed with a
Steadicam,
gimbal
A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis. A set of three gimbals, one mounted on the other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow an object mounted on the innermost gimbal to remain independent of ...
, etc. A dolly shot is generally described in terms of "dollying in" or "dollying out". Also known as
trucking
Road transport or road transportation is a type of transport using roads. Transport on roads can be roughly grouped into the transportation of goods and transportation of people. In many countries licensing requirements and safety regulations e ...
in and out, or right and left.
;
Dolly zoom
:A powerful and dramatic effect produced by simultaneously trucking in or out while synchronously zooming out or in.
;
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, photographic, visual, audible, or cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, ...
:The selection and organization of shots into a series, usually in the interest of creating larger cinematic units. Adding music is also a great way to make it more cinematic
;
Ellipsis (linguistics)
In linguistics, ellipsis (from el, ἔλλειψις, ''élleipsis'' 'omission') or an elliptical construction is the omission from a clause of one or more words that are nevertheless understood in the context of the remaining elements. There a ...
:A term referring to "chunks" of time left out of a narrative, signaled in filmmaking by editorial transitions
;
Establishing shot
An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of ...
:A shot, often a long shot, usually placed at the beginning of a scene to establish the general location of the specific action to follow. This shot is also known as an Extreme Long Shot.
;
Eyeline match
:A type of continuity editorial match involving two or more, sequential shots in which the preceding shot contains an agent (a person, animal, etc.) gazing in the direction of some unseen, off-screen vision, and following shot(s) contains an image presumed by the spectator to be the object of the agent's gaze. This technique is an important consideration in dialogues where actors are talking to each other. (Contrast with
Over the shoulder shot; See also
180 degree rule)
;Extreme close-up
:A shot framed so closely as to show only a portion of the face or of some object.
;Extreme long shot
:A shot in which the human figure would be extremely insignificant compared to its surroundings.
:A panoramic view photographed from a considerable distance and made up essentially of landscape or distant background.
;Fade in/out
:An editorial transition in which the image either gradually appears out of ("fade in") or gradually fades into ("fade out") a black screen.
;
Fill light
:An auxiliary light placed to the side of the subject that softens shadows and illuminates areas not lit by the key light (see "key light").
;
Flashback
:A scene or sequence inserted into a scene set in the narrative present that images some event set in the past.
;
Flash forward
:A scene or sequence inserted into a scene set in the narrative present that images some event set in the future.
;Focus
:The optical clarity or precision of an image relative to normal human vision. Focus in photographic images is usually expressed in terms of depth.
;Framing
:The placement of subjects and other visual content with respect to the boundaries of the image.
;Hand-held shot
:A shot where the camera is hand-carried, either with or without a
Steadicam. If done without a steadicam, the effect is a shaky image which conveys an amateurish or urgent affect.
;
Inter-title
:A piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (i.e. inter-) the photographed action at various points. Most commonly used in silent movies to convey elements of dialogue and other commentary.
;Iris in/out
:An editorial transition popular during the silent period utilizing a diaphragm placed in front of the lens and which, when opened (iris in) or closed (iris out), functions like a fade in or fade out. A partially opened iris can also be used to focus attention on a detail of the scene in the manner of
vignetting
In photography and optics, vignetting is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. The word '' vignette'', from the same root as '' vine'', originally referred to a decorative bor ...
.
;
Jump cut
:An editorial transition between two shots in which the illusion of temporal continuity is radically disrupted.
;Key light
:The main light on a subject, usually placed at a 45 degree angle to the camera-subject axis. In high-key lighting, the key light provides all or most of the light in the scene. In low-key lighting, the key light provides much less of the total illumination.
;
Long shot
:A shot in which the human figure would be relatively insignificant compared to its surroundings.
;
Master shot
:A shot, often a
medium shot or
longer, which shows all the important action in a scene. In editing, the master can be used to a greater or lesser extent as the 'skeleton' of the edit, which is fleshed out by replacing parts of the master with tighter coverage such as
closeup
A close-up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography, and the comic strip medium is a type of shot that tightly frames a person or object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium and lon ...
s and
cutaways.
;Match cut
:One of various editorial devices used to preserve a sense of spatio-temporal integrity or continuity between cuts.
;Medium close-up
:A shot depicting the human figure from approximately the chest up.
;Medium shot
:A shot depicting the human figure from approximately the waist up.
;
Mise en scène
:Everything that has been placed in front of or is revealed by the camera while shooting.
;
Over the shoulder shot
:A shot where the camera is placed above the back of the shoulder and head of a subject. This shot is most commonly used to present conversational back and forth between two subjects. With the camera placed behind one character, the shot then frames the sequence from the perspective of that character
;Pan
:A shot in which the camera is made to pivot horizontally left or right (about its vertical axis) while filming. Pans are always described in terms of "panning left" or "panning right". It is incorrect to discuss pans in terms of vertical, "up"/"down" movement, which is properly called tilting.
;
Point of view shot
A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera). It is usually established by being positio ...
:(Often abbreviated as 'POV'). A shot which shows an image from the specific point of view of a character in the film.
;
Racking focus
A focus puller or first assistant camera (1st AC) is a member of a film crew's camera department whose primary responsibility is to maintain the camera lens's optical focus on whatever subject or action is being filmed.
"Pulling focus" refers to ...
:A shot employing shallow focus in which the focal distance changes so that the background is gradually brought into focus while the foreground is gradually taken out of focus or visa versa.
;Reverse angle
:In a dialogue scene, a shot of the second participant understood as the opposing or "reverse" view of the shot showing the first participant.
;Scene
:A unit of narration generally composed of a series of shots that takes place in a single location and concerns a central action.
;Shot
:* 1.) The image produced by a motion picture camera from the time it begins shooting until the time it stops shooting.
:* 2.) (in an edited film) the uninterrupted record of time and space depicted between editorial transitions.
;Static Frame
:The camera focus and angle stay completely still, usually with a locked off tripod, and the scene continues motion. Not to be confused with a still frame where the scene is also static or frozen.
;
Steadicam
:A lightweight, highly-mobile camera transportation and stabilization device developed by inventor / cinematographer
Garrett Brown which permits hand-held filming with an image steadiness comparable to tracking or dolly shots. The device involves 1.) a vest redistributing the weight of the camera to the hips of the cameraman and, 2.) a spring-loaded arm working to minimize the effects of camera movement. A video tap simultaneously frees the camera operator from the eyepiece, who is then free to travel through any walkable terrain while filming.
;Story board
:A series of drawings and captions (sometimes resembling a comic strip) that shows the planned shot divisions and camera movements of the film.
;Tilt
:A shot in which the camera is made to pivot vertically up or down (about its horizontal transverse axis) while filming.
;
Tracking shot
A tracking shot is any shot where the camera follows backward, forward or moves alongside the subject being recorded. In cinematography, the term refers to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly that is then placed on rails ...
/traveling shot
:A shot in which the camera moves alongside or parallel to its subject. Traditionally tracking shots are filmed while the camera is mounted on a track dolly and rolled on dedicated tracks comparable to railroad tracks, In recent years, however, parallel camera moves performed with a
Steadicam,
gimbal
A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis. A set of three gimbals, one mounted on the other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow an object mounted on the innermost gimbal to remain independent of ...
, etc. may also be called a tracking shot. Tracking shots often "follow" a subject while it is in motion: for instance, a person walking on a sidewalk seen from the perspective of somebody walking on a parallel path several feet away. Shots taken from moving vehicles that run parallel to another moving object are also referred to as tracking or traveling shots. A tracking shot may also be curved, moving around its subject in a semi-circular rotation, known specifically as an
arc or arc shot.
;Truck
:Truck-right, truck-left, truck-in, truck-out (see
Dolly shot
A tracking shot is any shot where the camera follows backward, forward or moves alongside the subject being recorded. In cinematography, the term refers to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly that is then placed on rails ...
)
;
Two shot
: A shot in which the frame encompasses two people, typically but not exclusively a medium shot.
;
Whip pan
:A type of pan shot in which the camera pans so quickly that the resulting image is badly blurred. It is sometimes used as an editorial transition and is also known as a ''swish pan'' or "flash pan."
;
Whip zoom
:An unusually quick but continuous zoom in or out.
;
Wipe
:An optical editorial transition in which an image appears to be pushed or "wiped" to one aside of the screen to make way for the next.
;
Zoom
:A shot taken from a stationary position using a special
zoom lens that magnifies or de-magnifies the center of the image. This creates an illusion that the camera is moving toward or away from its subject by making the subject more or less prominent in the frame. Not to be confused with ''dollying'' in which the camera itself actually physically moves closer to or further away from its subject.
Cinematography
Movement and expression
Movement can be used extensively by film makers to make meaning. It is how a scene is put together to produce an image. A famous example of this, which uses "dance" extensively to communicate meaning and emotion, is the film,
West Side Story
''West Side Story'' is a musical conceived by Jerome Robbins with music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents.
Inspired by William Shakespeare's play ''Romeo and Juliet'', the story is set in the mid- ...
.
Provided in this alphabetised list of film techniques used in
motion picture
A film also called a movie, motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmospher ...
filmmaking
Filmmaking (film production) is the process by which a motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, starting with an initial story, idea, or commission. It then continues through screenwriting, casti ...
. There are a variety of expressions:
*
Aerial perspective
*
Aerial shot
*
American shot
"American shot" or "cowboy shot" is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, '','' and refers to a medium-long ("knee") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera. The usual arrangeme ...
*
Angle of view
The angle of view is the decisive variable for the visual perception of the size or projection of the size of an object.
Angle of view and perception of size
The perceived size of an object depends on the size of the image projected onto the ...
*
Bird's eye shot
*
Bird's-eye view
A bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object or location from a very steep viewing angle, creating a perspective as if the observer were a bird in flight looking downwards. Bird's-eye views can be an aerial photograph, but also a dr ...
*
Boom shot
*
B-roll
In film and television production, B-roll, B roll, B-reel or B reel is supplemental or alternative footage intercut with the main shot. The term ''A-roll'', referring to main footage, has fallen out of use.
Film and video production
Films and ...
*
Camera angle
*
Camera coverage
*
Camera dolly
*
Camera operator
A camera operator, or depending on the context cameraman or camerawoman, is a professional operator of a film camera or video camera as part of a film crew. The term "cameraman" does not imply that a male is performing the task.
In filmmakin ...
*
Camera tracking
*
Close-up
*
Crane shot
Crane or cranes may refer to:
Common meanings
* Crane (bird), a large, long-necked bird
* Crane (machine), industrial machinery for lifting
** Crane (rail), a crane suited for use on railroads
People and fictional characters
* Crane (surname), ...
*
Dolly zoom
*
Dutch angle
*
Establishing shot
An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of ...
*
Film frame
In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many '' still images'' which compose the complete '' moving picture''. The term is derived from the historical development of film stock, in which the sequ ...
*
Filmmaking
Filmmaking (film production) is the process by which a motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, starting with an initial story, idea, or commission. It then continues through screenwriting, casti ...
*
Follow shot
*
Forced perspective
*
Freeze-frame shot
*
Full frame Full frame may refer to:
* 35mm format
* Full frame (cinematography)
* Full-frame type charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor
See also
* Full-frame digital SLR
* Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
A mirrorless camera ...
*
Full shot
*
Hanging miniature
*
Head shot
A head shot or headshot is a modern (usually digital) portrait in which the focus is on the person. The term is applied usually for professional profile images on social media, images used on online dating profiles, the 'about us page' of a co ...
*
High-angle shot
*
Long shot
*
Long take
In filmmaking, a long take (also called a continuous take or continuous shot) is a shot with a duration much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general. Significant camera movement and elaborate bl ...
*
Low-angle shot
*
Master shot
*
Medium shot
*
Money shot
A money shot is a moving or stationary visual element of a film, video, television broadcast, or print publication that is disproportionately expensive to produce or is perceived as essential to the overall importance or revenue-generating potenti ...
*
Multiple-camera setup
The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production. Several cameras—either film or professional video cameras—are employed on the set and simultaneo ...
*
One shot (music video)
*
Over the shoulder shot
*
Panning (camera)
In cinematography and photography panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position.
This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. In the resulting ...
*
Point of view shot
A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera). It is usually established by being positio ...
*
Rack focusing
A focus puller or first assistant camera (1st AC) is a member of a film crew's camera department whose primary responsibility is to maintain the camera lens's optical focus on whatever subject or action is being filmed.
"Pulling focus" refers to ...
*
Reaction shot
*
Shot (filmmaking)
*
Shot reverse shot
*
Single-camera setup
The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as portable single camera, is a method of filmmaking and video production.
The single-camera setup originally developed during the birth of the classical Hollywood cinema i ...
*
SnorriCam
*
Stalker vision
Stalker vision or monster vision is a cinema technique used to convey a sense of being watched. Often used in horror movies to inspire dread of what one is watching, this shot-framing incorporates a few techniques for effect.
A point-of-view sh ...
*
Tilt (camera)
Tilting is a cinematographic technique in which the camera stays in a fixed position but rotates up/down in a vertical plane. Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone raising or lowering their head to look up or down. It i ...
*
Top-down perspective
A variety of computer graphic techniques have been used to display video game content throughout the history of video games. The predominance of individual techniques have evolved over time, primarily due to hardware advances and restrictions ...
*
Tracking shot
A tracking shot is any shot where the camera follows backward, forward or moves alongside the subject being recorded. In cinematography, the term refers to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly that is then placed on rails ...
*
Trunk shot
*
Two shot
*
Video production
Video production is the process of producing video content for video. It is the equivalent of filmmaking, but with video recorded either as analog signals on videotape, digitally in video tape or as computer files stored on optical discs, hard dri ...
*
Walk and talk
Walk and talk is a storytelling technique used in filmmaking and television production in which a number of characters have a conversation while walking somewhere. Walk and talk often involves a walking character who is then joined by another cha ...
*
Whip pan
*
Worm's-eye view
Lighting technique and aesthetics
*
Background lighting
*
Cameo lighting
*
Fill light
*
Flood lighting
A floodlight is a broad-beamed, high-intensity artificial light. They are often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields while an outdoor sports event is being held during low-light conditions. More focused kinds are often used as a stag ...
*
High-key lighting
High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene. This was originally done partly for technological reasons, since early film and television did not deal we ...
*
Key lighting
*
Lens flare
A lens flare happens when light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable artifact in the image. This happens through light scattered by the imaging mechanism itself, for exa ...
*
Low-key lighting
Low-key lighting is a style of lighting for photography, film or television. It is a necessary element in creating a chiaroscuro effect. Traditional photographic lighting ( three-point lighting) uses a key light, a fill light and a back light ...
*
Mood lighting
*
Rembrandt lighting
*
Stage lighting
Stage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theater, dance, opera, and other performance arts.
*
Soft light
To achieve the results mentioned above, a Lighting Director may use a number or combination of Video Lights. These may include the Redhead or Open-face unit, The Fresnel Light, which gives you a little more control over the spill, or The Dedolight, which provides a more efficient light output and a beam which is easier to control.
Editing and transitional devices
*
A-roll
*
B-roll
In film and television production, B-roll, B roll, B-reel or B reel is supplemental or alternative footage intercut with the main shot. The term ''A-roll'', referring to main footage, has fallen out of use.
Film and video production
Films and ...
*
Cross-cutting
*
Cutaway
*
Dissolve
*
Establishing shot
An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes, the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long or extreme-long shot at the beginning of ...
*
Fast cutting
*
Flashback
*
Insert
*
J cut ("Split edit")
*
Jump cut
*
Keying
Keying may refer to:
* Keying (electrical connector), used by electrical connectors to prevent mating in incorrect orientation
* Keying (graphics), a technique for compositing two full frame images together
* Keying (official) (1787–1858), a M ...
*
L cut ("Split edit")
*
Master shot
*
Match cut
In film, a match cut is a cut from one shot to another where the composition of the two shots are matched by the action or subject and subject matter. For example, in a duel a shot can go from a long shot on both contestants via a cut to a medi ...
*
Montage
*
Point of view shot
A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera). It is usually established by being positio ...
*
Screen direction
In film editing, video editing and post production, screen direction is the direction that actors or objects appear to be moving on the screen from the point of view of the camera or audience. A rule of film editing and film grammar is that movem ...
*
Sequence shot
*
Smash cut
*
Slow cutting
*
Split screen
*
SMPTE timecode
SMPTE timecode ( or ) is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode. The system is defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers in the SMPTE 12M specification. SMPTE revised t ...
*
Shot reverse shot
*
Wipe
Special effects (FX)
*
3D computer graphics
3D computer graphics, or “3D graphics,” sometimes called CGI, 3D-CGI or three-dimensional computer graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data (often Cartesian) that is stored in the computer for t ...
*
3D film
3D films are motion pictures made to give an illusion of Three-dimensional space, three-dimensional solidity, usually with the help of Stereoscopy#3D viewers, special glasses worn by viewers. They have existed in some form since 1915, but had been ...
for movie history
*
Bluescreen/
Chroma key
Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a visual-effects and post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on colour hues ( chroma range). The technique has been used in many fields to ...
*
Bullet time
*
Computer-generated imagery
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the use of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, simulators, and visual effects in films, television programs, shorts, commercials, and videos. The image ...
*
Digital compositing
Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display. It is the digital analogue of optical film compositing.
Mathematics
The basic operation u ...
*
Optical effects
*
Stereoscopy
Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopics, or stereo imaging) is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision. The word ''stereoscopy'' derives . Any stereoscopic image i ...
for 3D technical details
*
Stop motion
Stop motion is an animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames ...
*
Stop trick
The substitution splice or stop trick is a cinematic special effect in which filmmakers achieve an appearance, disappearance, or transformation by altering one or more selected aspects of the mise-en-scène between two shots
while maintaining t ...
Sound
Sound is used extensively in filmmaking to enhance presentation, and is distinguished into
diegetic and non-diegetic sound:
*Diegetic sound is heard by both the characters and audience. Also called "literal sound" or "actual sound". Examples include
**Voices of characters;
**Sounds made by objects in the story, e.g. heart beats of a person
**
Source music
Diegetic music or source music is music in a drama (e.g., film or video game) that is part of the fictional setting and so, presumably, is heard by the characters. The term refers to diegesis, a style of storytelling.
The opposite of source mu ...
, represented as coming from instruments in the story space.
**Basic sound effects, e.g. dog barking, car passing; as it is in the scene
**Music coming from reproduction devices such as record players, radios, tape players etc.
* Non-diegetic sound is represented as coming from a source outside the story space, i.e. its source is neither visible on the screen, nor has been implied to be present in the action. Also called "non-literal sound" or "commentary sound". Examples include:
**Narrator's commentary;
**Sound effects added for dramatic effect;
**Mood music
**
Film score
A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to ...
Sound effects
In motion picture and television production, a sound effect is a sound recorded and presented to make a specific storytelling or creative point, without the use of dialogue or music. The term often refers to a process, applied to a recording, without necessarily referring to the recording itself. In professional motion picture and television production, the segregations between recordings of dialogue, music, and sound effects can be quite distinct, and it is important to understand that in such contexts, dialogue, and music recordings are never referred to as sound effects, though the processes applied to them, such as
reverberation
Reverberation (also known as reverb), in acoustics, is a persistence of sound, after a sound is produced. Reverberation is created when a sound or signal is reflected causing numerous reflections to build up and then decay as the sound is abs ...
or
flanging
Flanging is an audio effect produced by mixing two identical signals together, one signal delayed by a small and (usually) gradually changing period, usually smaller than 20 milliseconds. This produces a swept comb filter effect: peaks and no ...
, often are. Necessary incidental units of sound, footsteps, keys, a polishing sound, are created in the
foley studio
In filmmaking, Foley is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to films, videos, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality. These reproduced sounds, named after sound-effects artist Jack Foley, can be anyt ...
.
Techniques in interactive movies
New techniques currently being developed in
interactive movie
Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", but m ...
s, introduce an extra dimension into the experience of viewing movies, by allowing the viewer to change the course of the movie.
In traditional linear movies, the author can carefully construct the plot, roles, and characters to achieve a specific effect on the audience.
Interactivity
Across the many fields concerned with interactivity, including information science, computer science, human-computer interaction, communication, and industrial design, there is little agreement over the meaning of the term "interactivity", but ...
, however, introduces non-linearity into the movie, such that the author no longer has complete control over the story, but must now share control with the viewer. There is an inevitable trade-off between the desire of the viewer for freedom to experience the movie in different ways, and the desire of the author to employ specialized techniques to control the presentation of the story.
Computer technology
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic processes, and development of both hardware and software. Computing has scientific, e ...
is required to create the illusion of freedom for the viewer, while providing familiar, as well as, new cinematic techniques to the author.
See also
*
Glossary of motion picture terms
*
Film industry
The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production company, production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre ...
*
Outline of film
References
External links
Interactive Moviesa
FilmSound.orgCinematic Technique BlogAudiovisual Compendium of Film Terminology
{{Film crew
Filmmaking