''Cibicides'' is a genus of cosmopolitan
benthic
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "t ...
foraminifera
Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular Ectoplasm (cell biology), ectoplasm for catching food and ot ...
known from at least as far back as the Paleocene (
Loeblich &
Tappan, 1988) that extends down to the present.
The test, or shell, of Cibicides, which is commonly found attached, is multichambered, plano-convex, trochospiral, with a flat or dished-out evolute spiral side and a strongly arched, involute umbilical side. The test wall is calcareous, perforate, bilamellar, with a radial microstructure. The flat or nearly flat spiral side is coarsely perforate while the arched umbilical side is finely perforate. The apertural face and peripheral keel, where the two faces meet, are imperforate. Sutures on the spiral side are thickened and may be elevated, but are narrow and depressed on the umbilical side. The aperture a low interior-marginal equatorial opening that extends a short distance onto the umbilical side but continues along the spiral suture on the spiral side.
''Cibicides'', named by Montfort, 1808, is included in the subfamily Cibicidinae, family Cibicididae, superfamily Planorbulinacea; suborder Rotaliina in Loeblich and Tappan, 1987 and order Rotaliida in Loeblack and Tappan, 1992. It was put, instead, in the
Orbitoidacea in Loeblcih and Tappan, 1964, in the Treatise Part C, and in the
Anomalinidae in
Cushman, 1950.
References
* Joseph A. Cushman, 1950. Foraminifera, their classification and economic use. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 4th edition, 1950
* Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. and Helen Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina, chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida.
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and co ...
, Part C, Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 1964.
* Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr and Helen Tappan, 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their classification
* Geological Survey of Iran, (e-book) 2005
* Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr. and Helen Tappan, 1992. Systematics of Modern Foraminifera, revised in Sen Gupta (ed) 2002, Modern Foraminifer
Further reading
*
External links
*
*
''Cibicides''at the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5119228
Cibicididae
Rotaliida genera
Extant Paleocene first appearances