Chudovsky District (russian: Чу́довский райо́н) is an administrative
[Law #559-OZ] and municipal
[Law #368-OZ] district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
twenty-one in
Novgorod Oblast
Novgorod Oblast (russian: Новгоро́дская о́бласть, ''Novgorodskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Veliky Novgorod. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
. It is located in the north of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdom of ...
and borders with
Kirishsky District
Kirishsky District (russian: Ки́ришский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #49-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southern part of the ob ...
of
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...
in the northeast,
Malovishersky District
Malovishersky District (russian: Малови́шерский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #356-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and b ...
in the southeast,
Novgorodsky District
Novgorodsky District (russian: Новгородский район) is an administrativeLaw #559-OZ and municipalLaw #400-OZ district (raion), one of the twenty-one in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borde ...
in the southwest, and with
Tosnensky District
Tosnensky District (russian: То́сненский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #116-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central southwestern part of ...
of Leningrad Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
is the
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
of
Chudovo
Chudovo (russian: Чудово) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
;Urban localities
*Chudovo, Chudovsky District, Novgorod Oblast, a town of district significance in Chudovsky District of Novgorod Oblast
;Rural localities
* ...
.
Population: 25,829 (
2002 Census);
The population of Chudovo accounts for 70.0% of the district's total population.
Geography
The district is located in the Ilmen Lowlands and is crossed by the
Volkhov River
The Volkhov (russian: Во́лхов) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. It connects Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga and forms pa ...
from southwest to northeast, dividing the district into approximately equal areas. The highest point in the district is
above sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''.
The comb ...
.
All rivers in the district drain into the Volkhov and its main
tributaries
A tributary, or affluent, is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage b ...
, including the
Oskuya (right), the
Pchyozhva (right), the
Kerest (left), and the
Tigoda
The Tigoda () is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Tosnensky and Kirishsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volkhov. The length of the river is , and the area of its drain ...
(left).
Over 70% of the district's territory is covered by forests. There are also many swamps, which cover 8% of the territory. The biggest one, Bor Swamp, is located in the valley of the Pchyovzha and is protected as a ''
zakaznik
Zakaznik (russian: зака́зник, зака́зники, transliterated: ''zakaznik, zakazniki''; uk, singular: заказни́к or зака́зник; plural: заказники́ or зака́зники, transliterated: ''zakaznyk'', ''zak ...
''.
History
The
Volkhov River
The Volkhov (russian: Во́лхов) is a river in Novgorodsky and Chudovsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Kirishsky and Volkhovsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. It connects Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga and forms pa ...
served as a major waterway, a part of the
trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire. The route allowed merchants along its length to establish a direct prosperous trade with the Empir ...
, since medieval times. Chudovo was first mentioned as a village in 1539. By the 18th century, it developed into a big ''
selo'' with a postal service station. The development of the district was further aided by the construction of the
Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, which opened in 1851. The railway to Novgorod was completed in 1871. A match factory, two
cement
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel ( aggregate) together. Cement mix ...
-making factories, and a number of
porcelain
Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises mainl ...
factories were built later.
In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
). In 1727, separate
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate (Pre-reformed rus, Новгоро́дская губе́рнія, r=Novgorodskaya guberniya, p=ˈnofɡərətskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə, t=Government of Novgorod), was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Ru ...
was split off. In 1776, the area was transferred to
Novgorod Viceroyalty
Novgorod Viceroyalty (russian: Новгоро́дское наме́стничество) was an administrative division (a '' namestnichestvo'') of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1776–1796. The seat of the Viceroyalty was located in Novg ...
. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and the area was transferred to Novgorod Governorate. In 1917, Chudovo was the administrative center of
Chudovskaya Volost of
Novgorodsky Uyezd Novgorodsky Uyezd (''Новгородский уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Novgorod Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Veliky Novgorod.
Dem ...
.
In August 1927, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Chudovsky District, with the administrative center in the settlement of Chudovo,
[Snytko et al., pp. 145–147] was established within
Novgorod Okrug
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
of
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, a ...
effective October 1, 1927.
[Snytko et al., p. 85] It included parts of Novgorodsky and
Malovishersky Uyezd Malovishersky (masculine), Malovisherskaya (feminine), or Malovisherskoye (neuter) may refer to:
*Malovishersky District, a district in Novgorod Oblast, Russia
* Malovishersky Uyezd (1918–1927), an administrative division of Novgorod Governorate i ...
s of Novgorod Governorate and of
Volkhovsky Uyezd of
Leningrad Governorate.
On June 25, 1928, Chudovo was granted
work settlement status.
On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.
[Snytko et al., pp. 87–88] On January 4, 1931, one
selsoviet
Selsoviet ( be, сельсавет, r=sieĺsaviet, tr. ''sieĺsaviet''; rus, сельсовет, p=ˈsʲelʲsɐˈvʲɛt, r=selsovet; uk, сільрада, silrada) is a shortened name for a rural council and for the area governed by such a cou ...
(
Alexandrovsky) was granted ethnic German status, and two others (
Derevolatyshsky and
Kolomovsky) were granted Latvian ethnic status.
On July 20, 1937, Chudovo was granted town status.
On April 14, 1939, Kolomovsky Latvian Selsoviet was abolished and merged into
Chudovsky Selsoviet and Alexandrovsky German Selsoviet was transformed into a regular selsoviet.
Derevolatyshsky Latvian Selsoviet was abolished on September 19, 1939 and merged into
Rogachyovsky Selsoviet.
Between August and November 1941, during
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, the whole area of the district was occupied by
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
troops.
Whereas the right bank of the Volkhov was liberated by the Soviet Army between December 1941 and February 1942, battles were fought for a long time for the left bank of the Volkhov.
The town of Chudovo and the rest of the district were liberated in January and February 1944.
On July 5, 1944, Chudovsky District was transferred to newly established Novgorod Oblast,
where it remained ever since.
Economy
Industry
The most developed industries in the district are chemical, food, and timber industries. The former glass-making factory in Chudovo was converted to production of thermoisolating materials. There are enterprises producing
match
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matc ...
es,
plywood
Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another. It is an engineered wood from the family of manufactured ...
, and
railroad tie
A railroad tie, crosstie (American English), railway tie (Canadian English) or railway sleeper (Australian and British English) is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks. Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer ...
s.
Agriculture
The main agriculture specializations in the district are cattle breeding (beef and milk production), as well as production of pork, poultry, and eggs.
Transportation
The
Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
crosses the district from southeast to northwest. Chudovo is the most important railway station, where a railroad to
Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ol ...
branches off south, and the railway line to
Murmansk
Murmansk (Russian: ''Мурманск'' lit. "Norwegian coast"; Finnish: ''Murmansk'', sometimes ''Muurmanski'', previously ''Muurmanni''; Norwegian: ''Norskekysten;'' Northern Sámi: ''Murmánska;'' Kildin Sámi: ''Мурман ланнҍ'') i ...
via
Volkhov
Volkhov (russian: Во́лхов) is an industrial town and the administrative center of Volkhovsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the river Volkhov east of St. Petersburg. Population:
It was previously known as ''Zvanka ...
stroy and
Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (russian: Петрозаводск, p=pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk; Karelian, Vepsian and fi, Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . The population ...
runs north.
The
M10 highway connecting
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
and
St. Petersburg also crosses the district, first following the left bank of the Volkhov River from Novgorod, and in Chudovo turning northwest parallel to the railroad. Roads connect the highway with
Malaya Vishera
Malaya Vishera (russian: Ма́лая Ви́шера) is a town and the administrative center of Malovishersky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia. Population:
History
The name of the town originates from the Malaya Vishera River, a tributary ...
and Chudovo with
Budogoshch
Budogoshch (russian: Бу́догощь) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Kirishsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Pchyovzha River. Municipally, it serves as the administrative center of Budog ...
. Close to the border with Leningrad Oblast, there is a T-shaped intersection with
A115 highway, which runs to Volkhov via
Kirishi
Kirishi (russian: Ки́риши, ) is a town and the administrative center of Kirishsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volkhov River, southeast of St. Petersburg. Population:
It was previously kno ...
and joins the
M18 highway to Petrozavodsk and Murmansk. There are also local roads.
The Volkhov River is navigable for nearly all its length, including in Chudovsky District. However, there is no regular passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
![Nekrasov museum Chudovo 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Nekrasov_museum_Chudovo_1.jpg)
The district contains nine cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally sixty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments include the ensemble of the military installations for Count Arakcheyev Grenadier Regiment located in the ''selo'' of
Selishchi, the house of the author
Gleb Uspensky
Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky ( rus, Глеб Иванович Успенский; October 25, 1843 April 6, 1902), was a Russian Empire writer, and a prominent figure of the Narodnik movement.
Biography Early life
Gleb Uspensky was born in Tula, t ...
in the village of
Syabrenitsy, the house of the poet
Nikolay Nekrasov
Nikolay Alexeyevich Nekrasov ( rus, Никола́й Алексе́евич Некра́сов, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ nʲɪˈkrasəf, a=Ru-Nikolay_Alexeyevich_Nekrasov.ogg, – ) was a Russian poet, writer, critic and publi ...
and the school building constructed by him, both located in Chudovo.
There are several museums in the district. The Chudovo District Museum was opened in 1987 and displays collections of local interest. The house of Nikolay Nekrasov is located in Chudovo. This house was bought by Nekrasov to use for hunting. Nekrasov was visited by his friends, some of whom were notable Russian authors. The house of Gleb Uspensky in Syabrenitsy also became a museum.
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012
Districts of Novgorod Oblast
States and territories established in 1927