''Chrysostoma paradoxum'', common name the orange-mouthed top shell, is a
species of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
, a
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk in the
family Trochidae, the top snails.
[Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Chrysostoma paradoxum'' (Born, 1778). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=547321 on 2012-11-23]
Description
The length of the shell varies between 18 mm and 21 mm. The globular shell is imperforate or nearly so, thick and strong, with a porcelaneous texture. The surface of the shell is smooth, with scarcely visible lines of growth. The upper
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
s are microscopically, and densely, spirally striated. The color of the shell is whitish, closely reticulated and mottled all over with red or pinkish, often with a few large darker maculations above. The
spire is very short. The
sutures are linear. They are bordered by a slight concavity of the whorl or margination. The six whorls are convex, the last globular. The
aperture is half-moon shaped and has a reddish or golden-orange color within. The parietal wall is covered with a very thick orange-colored (rarely crimson) callus, which projects in a short tongue-shaped lobe above the slight, often closed, umbilical perforation.
Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
/ref>
Distribution
This marine species occurs on corals in the intertidal zone
The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species o ...
of the East China Sea
The East China Sea is an arm of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. It covers an area of roughly . The sea’s northern extension between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula is the Yellow Sea, separated b ...
, off the Philippines, Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
, New Caledonia
)
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, image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of New Caledonia
, map_caption = Location of New Caledonia
, mapsize = 290px
, subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
and Queensland, Australia.
References
* Crosse, H., 1866. ''Note complémentaire sur l'opercule du Chrysostoma nicobaricum'' . J. de Conch., 14:116-117
* Troschel, F.H., 1879. ''Das Gebiss der Schnecken, zur Begründung einer Natürlichen Classification y J. Thiele'' Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin. 237.
* Watson, R.B., 1886 1/Dec/1886'' Report of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda''. Rep. Scient. Res. Voy. HMS Challenger 1873-76.zoology, 15(42):0-0
* Schepman, M.M., 1908 1/Dec/1908 ''Prosobranchia (excluding Heteropoda and parasitic Prosobranchia). Rhipidoglossa and Docoglossa.'' With an appendix by Prof. R. Bergh ectinobranchiata. Siboga Expedition, 49(1):1-1089
* Allan, J., 1950. ''Australian Shells, with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land''. Georgian House, Melbourne. xix 470 pp
* MacNeil, F.S., 1960. ''Tertiary and Quaternary Gastropoda of Okinawa''. U.S. Geol. S. Professional Pa., 339:0-0.
* Rippingale, O.H. & McMichael, D.F., 1961. ''Queensland and Great Barrier Reef Shells''. Jacaranda Press, Brisbane. 210 pp.
* Habe, T., 1964. ''Shells of the Western Pacific in color II''. Hoikusha, Osaka. 66 pls, 233.
* Hinton, A., 1972. ''Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific.'' Jacaranda Press, Milton
* Coleman, N., 1981. ''What shell is that ?'' Lansdowne Press, Sydney. 1-298.
* Wilson, B., 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
External links
Gastropods.com: ''Chrysostoma nicobaricus''
External links
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (24 publications)
To Encyclopedia of Life
To GenBank (4 nucleotides; 1 proteins)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection
To World Register of Marine Species
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5114949
paradoxum
Gastropods described in 1778