The Chrysostom Monastery (russian: Златоустовский монастырь) was a
monastery in
Moscow. It was consecrated to Saint
John Chrysostom (Russian: ''Ivan Zlatoust'').
History
The cloister to the east from the
Kitai-gorod was first mentioned in 1412 when a Novgorod archdeacon was buried there. In 1478,
Grand Prince Ivan III, who had a suburban palace nearby, had the wooden cathedral rebuilt in stone. When a
Crimean Khan Devlet I Giray attacked Moscow in 1571, the monastery was burnt down. It was later restored, only to be damaged again in 1611 during the
Time of Troubles.
In 1660, Ivan III's stone cathedral burnt down and was replaced by a new five-domed cathedral, which survived into the 20th century. In 1706, the monastery
hegumen was raised to the rank of
archmandrite. In 1737, the Chrysostom Monastery was gutted by fire, but it would be restored in 1738–1740.
The monastery subsisted owing to the donations from the noblemen who had their estates nearby, notably the Counts
Apraksin
Apraksin or Apraxin (russian: Апраксин) is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Apraksina or Apraxina. It may refer to
* Fyodor Apraksin (1661–1728), Russian admiral
*Marfa Apraksina (1664–1716), second wife of Tsar ...
and
Rumyantsev
The Rumyantsev family (') were Russian counts prominent in Russian imperial politics in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The family claimed descent from the boyar Rumyanets who broke his oath of allegiance and surrendered Nizhny Novgorod to Vasi ...
. Some members of these families, particularly those who served in the Navy, were buried there:
Matvei Apraksin,
Fyodor Apraksin,
Alexander Rumyantsev Alexander Rumyantsev or Aleksander Rumyantsev may refer to:
*Alexander Rumyantsev (nobleman)
Count Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev (russian: Александр Иванович Румянцев) (1677–1749) was an assistant of Peter the Great ...
,
Ivan Akimovich Senyavin
Ivan () is a Slavic male given name, connected with the variant of the Greek name (English: John) from Hebrew meaning 'God is gracious'. It is associated worldwide with Slavic countries. The earliest person known to bear the name was Bulgari ...
.
In 1742,
Empress Elizabeth visited the Chrysostom Monastery and donated 2,000
rubles for the construction of the Church of
Saint Elizabeth. In 1764, the monastery was granted an annual allowance of 806 rubles and 30 kopecks, which would be increased to 1460 rubles during the reign of
Paul I. During the
Patriotic War of 1812
The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign, the Second Polish War, the Army of Twenty nations, and the Patriotic War of 1812 was launched by Napoleon Bonaparte to force the Russian Empire back into the continental block ...
, the
sacristy
A sacristy, also known as a vestry or preparation room, is a room in Christian churches for the keeping of vestments (such as the alb and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and parish records.
The sacristy is usually located ...
of the monastery was moved to
Vologda. The monastery itself was damaged by the
French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
and then restored in 1816.
By 1907, there had been an archimandrite, 11
monks and 2
novices in the monastery. In the early 20th century, a parish school was opened on the grounds.
In 1933, the buildings of the Chrysostom Monastery were dismantled by the
Soviets
Soviet people ( rus, сове́тский наро́д, r=sovyétsky naród), or citizens of the USSR ( rus, гра́ждане СССР, grázhdanye SSSR), was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union.
Nationality policy in th ...
under pretext of their dilapidation. On its place, a
constructivist edifice was erected. The graves of the Russian naval leaders were desecrated. The
monastic cells of the Chrysostom Monastery, built in 1862, can still be seen in Maly Zlatoustinsky Lane in Moscow.
Online references
Chrysostom Abbey on www.pravoslavie.ru
{{coord, 55.7590, N, 37.6340, E, source:wikidata, display=title
Monasteries in Moscow
Russian Orthodox monasteries in Russia
Former religious buildings and structures in Russia
Christian monasteries established in the 15th century
15th-century establishments in Russia
1933 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Moscow