''Chrysallida'' is a speciose
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of minute
sea snails
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
,
pyramidellid gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s or
micromollusk
A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...
within the tribe
Chrysallidini.
[Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp]
Taxonomy
The genus ''Folinella'' had two preoccupied names - ''Amoura''
De Folin, 1873 ''not'' J.E. Gray 1847, and ''Funicularia'' Monterosato, 1884 ''not'' Forbes, 1845.
The genus ''Chrysallida''
Carpenter, 1856 has been used as a catchall, particularly in the European literature following a lead by Winckworth (1932), for most pyramidellids having both axial and spiral sculpture but having otherwise little in common with the Californian type species ''C. communis'' (C. B. Adams, 1852). A statement that this is incorrect was voiced by van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud (2000: 21) who nevertheless still used ''Chrysallida'' as the genus to include many Eastern Atlantic species, distributed into several subgenera. Micali, Nofroni & Perna (2012) restored usage of ''Parthenina'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883 for several species formerly placed in ''Chrysallida''. This move was continued by Høisæter (2014), Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen (2014) and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2014) who are here followed, but there are still many species remaining unduly under ''Chrysallida''. For these, we have refrained from making new combinations not backed by (or implicit from) a published source. Nevertheless, all the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus, now raised to full genus, have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.
Distribution
Species within the genus ''Chrysallida'' are commonly distributed in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions, the
Arctic
The Arctic ( or ) is a polar regions of Earth, polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Canada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, Nunavut), Danish Realm (Greenla ...
and the
Antarctic
The Antarctic ( or , American English also or ; commonly ) is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau and other ...
. It is mainly known from coastal areas, and is uncommon in deep elevations such as trenches in the sea.
The members of ''Chrysallida'' are
ectoparasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...
s on
serpulid
The Serpulidae are a family of sessile, tube-building annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. The members of this family differ from other sabellid tube worms in that they have a specialized operculum that blocks the entrance of their tubes wh ...
polychaetes
Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes (). Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are mad ...
.
Species
There are multiple species within the genus ''Chrysallida'', these include the following in alphabetical order:
* ''
Chrysallida affinis'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida africana'' van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
* ''
Chrysallida angusta'' Carpenter, 1864
* ''
Chrysallida annobonensis'' Peñas & Rolán, 2002
* ''
Chrysallida asiatica'' Corgan, 1970
* ''
Chrysallida australis'' Thiele, 1930
* ''
Chrysallida bellula'' A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Chrysallida bjoernssoni'' Warén, 1991
* ''
Chrysallida boucheti'' Peñas & Rolán, 1999
* ''
Chrysallida caelatura'' (Laseron, 1951)
* ''
Chrysallida canariensis'' Nordsieck & Talavera, 1979
* ''
Chrysallida cancellata'' (d'Orbigny, 1841)
* † ''
Chrysallida cantaurana'' Landau & LaFollette, 2015
* ''
Chrysallida carpinei'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida castleraghensis'' Saurin, 1959
* ''
Chrysallida chetelati'' Saurin, 1962
* ''
Chrysallida communis'' (C.B. Adams, 1852)
* ''
Chrysallida conifera'' Pimenta, 2012
* ''
Chrysallida connexa'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)
* ''
Chrysallida costellata'' A. Adams, 1861
* ''
Chrysallida culaoniana'' Saurin, 1959
* † ''
Chrysallida curvicostata'' (Grant-Mackie & Chapman-Smith, 1971)
* ''
Chrysallida declivata'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida decorata'' (Philippi, 1849)
* ''
Chrysallida dux'' (Dall & Bartsch, 1906)
* † ''
Chrysallida eocenica'' (Laws, 1941)
* ''
Chrysallida epitonoides'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida erucella'' A. Adams, 1863
* ''
Chrysallida eugeniae'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida fenestrata'' (Jeffreys, 1848)
* ''
Chrysallida foveata'' Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004
* ''
Chrysallida foveolata'' (A. Adams, 1860)
* ''
Chrysallida galbula'' A. Adams, 1863
* ''
Chrysallida gemmulosa'' (C. B. Adams, 1850)
* ''
Chrysallida genouillyi'' Saurin, 1962
* ''
Chrysallida gitzelsi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida gubbiolii'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida gunnamatta'' (Laseron, 1951)
* ''
Chrysallida herosae'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida hoeisaeteri'' Warén, 1991
* ''
Chrysallida hoenselaari'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida honnorati'' Saurin, 1959
* ''
Chrysallida horii'' van Aartsen, gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida impercepta'' Schander, 1994
* ''
Chrysallida indistincta'' (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
* ''
Chrysallida innocua'' Corgan, 1970
* ''
Chrysallida insularis'' (Oliver, 1915)
* ''
Chrysallida intorta'' Hoffman & Freiwald, 2017
* ''
Chrysallida intumescens'' Schander, 1994
* ''
Chrysallida kesteveni'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''
Chrysallida kymatodes'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''
Chrysallida leoni'' Fernández-Garcés, Peñas & Rolán, 2011
* ''
Chrysallida littoralis'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''
Chrysallida lucida'' (Laseron, 1950)
* ''
Chrysallida maoria'' (Powell, 1940)
* ''
Chrysallida mayii'' (Tate, 1898)
* ''
Chrysallida mcmillanae'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida medialuna'' Faber, 2008
* ''
Chrysallida megembryon'' Saurin, 1958
* ''
Chrysallida menkhorsti'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida metula'' A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Chrysallida minna'' A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Chrysallida minutissima'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906)
* ''
Chrysallida mirationis'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida multicostata'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida multituberculata'' (Castellanos, 1982)
* ''
Chrysallida munda'' A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Chrysallida nana'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''
Chrysallida navisa'' (Dall & Bartsch, 1907)
* ''
Chrysallida nioba'' (Dall & Bartsch, 1911)
* ''
Chrysallida ovalis'' Thiele, 1930
* ''
Chrysallida pelorcei'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida phanthietina'' Saurin, 1958
* ''
Chrysallida projectura'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida pura'' (Saurin, 1962)
* ''
Chrysallida pusio'' A. Adams, 1861
* ''
Chrysallida pygmaea'' A. Adams, 1861
* ''
Chrysallida pyrgulina'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida ryalli'' Peñas & Rolán, 2002
* ''
Chrysallida saurini'' Robba, Di Geronimo, Chaimanee, Negri & Sanfilippo, 2004
* ''
Chrysallida seamounti'' Peñas & Rolán, 1999
* ''
Chrysallida semiplicata'' A. Adams, 1860
* ''
Chrysallida semipunctata'' Nomura, 1937
* ''
Chrysallida sibana'' (Yokoyama, 1927)
* ''
Chrysallida simulans'' (Chaster, 1898) (taxon inquirendum)
* ''
Chrysallida sixtoi'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida spiralis'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida stefanisi'' (Jeffreys, 1869)
* ''
Chrysallida stupa'' Hori & Fukuda, 1999
* ''
Chrysallida sublustris'' (Friele, 1886)
* ''
Chrysallida subtantilla'' Golikov in Golikov & Scarlato, 1967
* ''
Chrysallida terebra'' A. Adams, 1861
* ''
Chrysallida thetisae'' Espinosa & Ortea, 2011
* ''
Chrysallida trachis'' (Dall & Bartsch, 1909)
* ''
Chrysallida tribulationis'' (Hedley, 1909)
* ''
Chrysallida trifuniculata'' (Saurin, 1962)
* ''
Chrysallida turbonillaeformis'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000
* ''
Chrysallida typica'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''
Chrysallida vanbruggeni'' van Aartsen & Corgan, 1996
* ''
Chrysallida verdensis'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998
* ''
Chrysallida vignali'' (Lamy, 1910)
* ''
Chrysallida vincentina'' (Tryon, 1886)
* ''
Chrysallida vincula'' (Laseron, 1951)
* ''
Chrysallida zea'' (Hedley, 1902)
* † ''
Chrysallida zecarinata'' Laws, 1948
Synonyms
The following species were brought into synonymy
* ''Chrysallida alleryi'' (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of ''
Parthenina monterosatii'' (Clessin, 1900)
* ''Chrysallida angulosa'' (Monterosato, 1889): synonym of ''
Parthenina angulosa'' (Monterosato, 1889)
* ''Chrysallida anselmoi'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of ''
Parthenina anselmoi
''Parthenina anselmoi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Distribution
This species is only known from the coasts of Ghana and the Republic of the Congo
The Re ...
'' (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
* ''Chrysallida antimaiae'' Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Parthenina obesa'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)
* ''Chrysallida approximans'' (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of ''
Kongsrudia approximans'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)
* ''Chrysallida brattstroemi'' Warén, 1991: synonym of ''
Parthenina brattstroemi'' (Warén, 1991)
* ''Chrysallida brevicula'' (Jeffreys, 1883): synonym of ''
Turbonilla amoena'' (Monterosato, 1878)
* ''Chrysallida brusinai'' (Cossmann, 1921): synonym of ''
Spiralinella incerta
''Spiralinella incerta'' is a rather widely distributed species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Terlizzi, A.; Scuderi, D.; Fraschetti, S.; Anderson, M.J. (2005). Quantifying effec ...
'' (Milaschewitsch, 1916)
* ''Chrysallida buijsei'' De Jong & Coomans, 1988: synonym of ''
Fargoa bushiana'' (Bartsch, 1909)
* ''Chrysallida casta'' A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina casta'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Chrysallida clathrata'' (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of ''
Parthenina clathrata'' (Jeffreys, 1848)
* ''Chrysallida columna'': synonym of ''
Pyrgulina columna'' (Laseron, 1959)
* ''Chrysallida colungiana'' F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of ''
Parthenina dollfusi'' (Kobelt, 1903)
* ''Chrysallida consobrina'' A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina consobrina'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Chrysallida convexa'' (Carpenter, 1857): synonym of ''
Besla convexa'' (Carpenter, 1857)
* ''Chrysallida dantarti'' Peñas & Rolán, 2008: synonym of ''
Parthenina dantarti'' (Peñas & Rolán, 2008)
* ''Chrysallida decussata'' (
Montagu, 1803): synonym of ''
Parthenina decussata'' (
Montagu, 1803)
* ''Chrysallida dekkeri'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina dekkeri'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida dimidiata'' Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina dimidiata'' (Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida doliolum'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''
Odostomella doliolum
''Odostomella doliolum'' is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc within the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 2.2 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island ...
'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''Chrysallida dollfusi'' (Kobelt, 1903): synonym of ''
Parthenina dollfusi'' (Kobelt, 1903)
* ''Chrysallida elegans'' (de Folin, 1870): synonym of ''
Liamorpha elegans'' (de Folin, 1870)
* ''Chrysallida emaciata'' (Brusina, 1866): synonym of ''
Parthenina emaciata'' (Brusina, 1866)
* ''Chrysallida ersei'' Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Kongsrudia ersei'' (Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida excavata'' (Philippi, 1836): synonym of ''
Folinella excavata'' (Phillippi, 1836)
* ''Chrysallida eximia'' (Jeffreys, 1849): synonym of ''
Parthenina eximia'' (Jeffreys, 1849)
* ''Chrysallida faberi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina faberi'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida falcifera'' (Watson, 1881): synonym of ''
Tragula falcifera'' (Watson, 1881)
* ''Chrysallida farolita'' F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of ''
Parthenina interstincta'' (Adams J., 1797)
* ''Chrysallida feldi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina feldi'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida fenestrata'' (Jeffreys, 1848): synonym of ''
Tragula fenestrata'' (Jeffreys, 1848)
* ''Chrysallida fischeri'' (Hornung & Mermod, 1925): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina fischeri'' Hornung & Mermod, 1925
* ''Chrysallida flexuosa'' (Monterosato, 1874): synonym of ''
Parthenina flexuosa'' (Monterosato, 1874)
* ''Chrysallida gabmulderi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina gabmulderi'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida ghisottii'' (van Aartsen, 1984): synonym of ''
Folinella ghisottii'' van Aartsen, 1984
* ''Chrysallida gruveli'' (Dautzenberg, 1910): synonym of ''
Kongsrudia gruveli'' (Dautzenberg, 1910)
* ''Chrysallida humilis'' (Preston, 1905): synonym of ''
Quirella humilis'' (Preston, 1905)
* ''Chrysallida incerta'' (Milaschewitsch, 1916): synonym of ''
Spiralinella incerta
''Spiralinella incerta'' is a rather widely distributed species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Terlizzi, A.; Scuderi, D.; Fraschetti, S.; Anderson, M.J. (2005). Quantifying effec ...
'' (Milaschewich, 1916)
* ''Chrysallida inconspicua'' A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Chrysallida innocua'' Corgan, 1970
* ''Chrysallida indistincta'' (
Montagu, 1808): synonym of ''
Parthenina indistincta'' (
Montagu, 1808)
* ''Chrysallida intermixta'' (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of ''
Parthenina monozona'' (Brusina, 1869)
* ''Chrysallida interspatiosa'' van der Linden & Eikenboom, 1992: synonym of ''
Parthenina flexuosa'' (Monterosato, 1874)
* ''Chrysallida interstincta'' (Adams J., 1797): synonym of ''
Parthenina interstincta'' (J. Adams, 1797)
* ''Chrysallida jadisi'' (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of ''
Boonea jadisi
''Boonea jadisi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The species is one of eleven known species within the Boonea genus of gastropods.Rosenberg, G. (2010). ''Boonea ja ...
'' (Olsson & McGinty, 1958)
* ''Chrysallida jeffreysiana'' (Monterosato, 1884): synonym of ''
Trabecula jeffreysiana'' Monterosato, 1884
* ''Chrysallida jordii'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of ''
Folinella moolenbeeki'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 1998
* ''Chrysallida josae'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina josae'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida juliae'' (de Folin, 1872): synonym of ''
Parthenina juliae'' (de Folin, 1872)
* ''Chrysallida jullieni'' (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina jullieni'' Dautzenberg, 1912
* ''Chrysallida kempermani'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina kempermani'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida kronenbergi'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Trabecula kronenbergi'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida lacourti'' F. Nordsieck, 1972: synonym of ''
Spiralinella spiralis
''Spiralinella spiralis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Gofas, S. (2015). Spiralinella spiralis (Montagu, 1803). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...
'' (Dillwyn, 1817)
* ''Chrysallida limitum'' (Brusina in de Folin & Périer, 1876): synonym of ''
Parthenina limitum'' (Brusina in de Folin & Périer, 1876)
* ''Chrysallida maiae'' (Hornung & Mermod, 1924): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina maiae'' Hornung & Mermod, 1924
* ''Chrysallida manonegra'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of ''
Chrysallida minutissima'' (Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1906)
* ''Chrysallida mariella'' (A. Adams, 1860): synonym of ''
Egilina mariella'' (A. Adams, 1860)
* ''Chrysallida mariellaeformis'': synonym of ''
Babella mariellaeformis
''Babella'' is a genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pyramidellidae within the tribe Chrysallidini (sensu taxonomy by Bouchet & Roctroi, 2005).Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2018 ...
'' (Nomura, 1938)
* ''Chrysallida marthinae'' Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Spiralinella marthinae
''Spiralinella marthinae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Gofas, S. (2015). Spiralinella marthinae (Nofroni & Schander, 1994). Accessed through: World Register of Ma ...
'' (Nofroni & Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida mauritanica'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of ''
Parthenina mauritanica'' (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
* ''Chrysallida micronana'' Ozturk & van Aartsen, 2006: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina nana'' Hornung & Mermod, 1924
* ''Chrysallida monozona'' (Brusina, 1869): synonym of ''
Parthenina monozona'' (Brusina, 1869)
* ''Chrysallida monterosatii'' (Clessin, 1900): synonym of ''
Parthenina monterosatii'' (Clessin, 1900)
* ''Chrysallida moolenbeeki'' Amati, 1987: synonym of ''
Parthenina moolenbeeki'' (Amati, 1987)
* ''Chrysallida muinaiensis'' (Saurin, 1962): synonym of ''
Spiralinella muinaiensis
''Spiralinella'' is a genus of very small sea snails, pyramidellid gastropod mollusks, or micromollusks.Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2015). Spiralinella Chaster, 1901. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.o ...
'' Saurin, 1962
* ''Chrysallida multicostata'' (Jeffreys, 1884): synonym of ''
Parthenina multicostata'' (Jeffreys, 1884)
* ''Chrysallida mumia'' A. Adams, 1861: synonym of ''
Turbonilla mumia'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Chrysallida mutata'' (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of ''
Kongsrudia mutata'' (Dautzenberg, 1912)
* ''Chrysallida nanodea'' (Monterosato, 1878): synonym of ''
Parthenina juliae'' (de Folin, 1872)
* ''Chrysallida nivosa'' (
Montagu, 1803): synonym of ''
Jordaniella nivosa'' (Montagu, 1803)
* ''Chrysallida obesa'' (Dautzenberg, 1912): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina obesa'' Dautzenberg, 1912
* ''Chrysallida obtusa'' (Brown, 1827): synonym of ''Chrysallida interstincta'' (Adams J., 1797), synonym of ''
Parthenina interstincta'' (J. Adams, 1797)
* ''Chrysallida oodes'' (Watson, 1886): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina oodes'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Chrysallida opaca'' Hedley, 1906: synonym of ''
Odostomella opaca'' (Hedley, 1906)
* ''Chrysallida palazzii'' Micali, 1984: synonym of ''
Parthenina palazzii'' (Micali, 1984)
* ''Chrysallida parasigmoidea'' Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Parthenina parasigmoidea'' (Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida pellucida'' (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of ''
Spiralinella spiralis
''Spiralinella spiralis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Gofas, S. (2015). Spiralinella spiralis (Montagu, 1803). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...
'' (Montagu, 1803)
* ''Chrysallida penchynati'': synonym of ''
Parthenina penchynati'' (Bucquoy, 1883)
* ''Chrysallida perscalata'' (Hedley, 1909): synonym of ''
Linopyrga perscalata'' (Hedley, 1909)
* ''Chrysallida pinguis'' Peñas & Rolán, 1998: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina pinguis'' (Peñas & Rolán, 1998)
* ''Chrysallida pirinthella'' (Melvill, 1910): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina pirinthella'' Melvill, 1910
* ''Chrysallida plicata'' A. Adams, 1860: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina plicata'' (A. Adams, 1860)
* ''Chrysallida pontica'' Grossu, 1986: synonym of ''
Parthenina pontica'' (Grossu, 1986)
* ''Chrysallida pseudalveata'' Nomura, 1936: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina pseudalveata'' (Nomura, 1936)
* ''Chrysallida pulchella'' A. Adams, 1860: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina pulchella'' (A. Adams, 1860)
* ''Chrysallida pulchra'' Gaglini, 1992: synonym of ''Miralda elegans'' (de Folin, 1870): synonym of ''
Liamorpha elegans'' (de Folin, 1870)
* ''Chrysallida punctigera'' (A. Adams, 1860): synonym of ''
Linopyrga punctigera'' (A. Adams, 1860)
* ''Chrysallida pupula'' (A. Adams, 1861): synonym of ''
Pyrgulina pupula'' (A. Adams, 1861)
* ''Chrysallida pyttelilla'' Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Parthenina pyttelilla'' (Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida rinaldii'' Micali & Nofroni, 2004: synonym of ''
Parthenina rinaldii'' (Micali & Nofroni, 2004)
* ''Chrysallida rufolineata'' A. Adams, 1863: synonym of ''
Odostomella rufolineata'' (A. Adams, 1863)
* ''Chrysallida sarsi'': synonym of ''
Parthenina sarsi'' (Nordsieck, 1972)
* ''Chrysallida sergei'' Nofroni & Schander, 1994: synonym of ''
Parthenina sergei'' (Nofroni & Schander, 1994)
* ''Chrysallida sigma'': synonym of ''
Kunopia sigma'' (Hedley, 1907)
* ''Chrysallida sigmoidea'' (Monterosato, 1880): synonym of ''
Strioturbonilla sigmoidea'' (Monterosato, 1880)
* ''Chrysallida spiralis'' (
Montagu, 1803): synonym of ''
Spiralinella spiralis
''Spiralinella spiralis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.Gofas, S. (2015). Spiralinella spiralis (Montagu, 1803). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species ...
'' (Dillwyn, 1817)
* ''Chrysallida suturalis'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''
Parthenina suturalis'' (Philippi, 1844)
* Chrysallida tantilla (A. Adams, 1863): synonym of ''
Linopyrga tantilla'' (A. Adams, 1863)
* ''Chrysallida terebellum'' (Philippi, 1844): synonym of ''
Parthenina terebellum'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''Chrysallida terryi'' (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of ''
Ivara terryi'' (Olsson & McGinty, 1958)
* ''Chrysallida toroensis'' (Olsson & McGinty, 1958): synonym of ''
Mumiola gradatula'' (Mörch, 1876)
* ''Chrysallida tricincta'' (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of ''
Odostomella doliolum
''Odostomella doliolum'' is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc within the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
Description
The maximum recorded shell length is 2.2 mm.Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island ...
'' (Philippi, 1844)
* ''Chrysallida truncatula'' (Jeffreys, 1850): synonym of ''
Jordaniella truncatula'' (Jeffreys, 1850)
* ''Chrysallida ultralaeta'' Nomura, 1936: synonym of ''
Parthenina ultralaeta'' (Nomura, 1936)
* ''Chrysallida undata'' (Watson, 1897): synonym of ''
Trabecula jeffreysiana'' Monterosato, 1884
* ''Chrysallida vanderlindeni'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Pyrgulina vanderlindeni'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
* ''Chrysallida willeminae'' van Aartsen, Gittenberger E. & Goud, 2000: synonym of ''
Parthenina willeminae'' (van Aartsen, Gittenberger & Goud, 2000)
Ecology
Little is known about the ecology of the members of this genus. As is true of most members of the
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs. The great majority of species of pyrams are micromol ...
''
sensu lato
''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular co ...
'', they are most likely
ectoparasite
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has ...
s.
References
Carpenter P.P. (1856) ''Description of new species and varieties of Calyptraeidae, Trochidae, and Pyramidellidae, principally in the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq.'' Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 24: 166-171Adams A. (1863). ''On the species of Pyramidellinae found in Japan.'' Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, 7: 1-6Schaufuss L.W. (ed). 1869. ''Molluscorum systema et catalogus. System una Aufzählung sämmtlicher Conchylien der Sammlung von Fr. Paetel.'' 4 pp unpaginated, pp. i-xiv and 1-119. Dresdende Folin L. 1870. ''D'une méthode de classification pour les coquilles de la famille des Chemnitzidae''. Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département du Maine et Loire 12: 191-202Monterosato_T._A._(di)_(1884)._''Nomenclatura_generica_e_specifica_di_alcune_conchiglie_mediterranee.''_Palermo,_Virzi_pp._152_[month_of_publication_unknown,_but_later_than_February_(the_paper_in_Naturalista_Siciliano,_cited_p._57)Dall_W.H._&_Bartsch_P._1909._''A_Monograph_of_West_American_Pyramidellid_Mollusks''._Bulletin,_United_States_National_Museum,_68:_i-xii,_1-258,_30_pl.
Iredale_T._(1915)._''Notes_on_the_names_of_some_British_marine_Mollusca''._Proceedings_of_the_Malacological_Society_of_London,_11(6):_329-342
Iredale_T._1917._''Molluscan_name-changes,_generic_and_specific''._Proceedings_of_the_Malacological_Society_of_London,_12:_322-330
*_Corgan_J.X._1973._''The_names_Partulida_Schaufuss,_1869_and_Spiralinella_Chaster,_1901_(Gastropoda,_Pyramidellacea)''._Journal_of_Conchology,_28:_9-10.
*_Gofas,_S.;_Le_Renard,_J.;_Bouchet,_P._(2001)._Mollusca,_in:_Costello,_M.J._et_al._(Ed.)_(2001)._''European_register_of_marine_species:_a_check-list_of_the_marine_species_in_Europe_and_a_bibliography_of_guides_to_their_identification.''_Collection_Patrimoines_Naturels,_50:_pp. 180–213
*_Spencer,_H.;_Marshall._B._(2009)._''All_Mollusca_except_Opisthobranchia''._In:_Gordon,_D._(Ed.)_(2009)._New_Zealand_Inventory_of_Biodiversity._Volume_One:_Kingdom_Animalia._584_pp
__Further_reading_
*_
*_
*_
__External_links_
Occurrence_of_the_genus_''Chrysallida''
To_ITIS
{{Taxonbar.html" ;"title="onth of publication unknown, but later than February (the paper in Naturalista Siciliano, cited p. 57)">Monterosato T. A. (di) (1884). ''Nomenclatura generica e specifica di alcune conchiglie mediterranee.'' Palermo, Virzi pp. 152 Dall_W.H._&_Bartsch_P._1909._''A_Monograph_of_West_American_Pyramidellid_Mollusks''._Bulletin,_United_States_National_Museum,_68:_i-xii,_1-258,_30_pl.
Iredale_T._(1915)._''Notes_on_the_names_of_some_British_marine_Mollusca''._Proceedings_of_the_Malacological_Society_of_London,_11(6):_329-342
Iredale_T._1917._''Molluscan_name-changes,_generic_and_specific''._Proceedings_of_the_Malacological_Society_of_London,_12:_322-330
*_Corgan_J.X._1973._''The_names_Partulida_Schaufuss,_1869_and_Spiralinella_Chaster,_1901_(Gastropoda,_Pyramidellacea)''._Journal_of_Conchology,_28:_9-10.
*_Gofas,_S.;_Le_Renard,_J.;_Bouchet,_P._(2001)._Mollusca,_in:_Costello,_M.J._et_al._(Ed.)_(2001)._''European_register_of_marine_species:_a_check-list_of_the_marine_species_in_Europe_and_a_bibliography_of_guides_to_their_identification.''_Collection_Patrimoines_Naturels,_50:_pp. 180–213
*_Spencer,_H.;_Marshall._B._(2009)._''All_Mollusca_except_Opisthobranchia''._In:_Gordon,_D._(Ed.)_(2009)._New_Zealand_Inventory_of_Biodiversity._Volume_One:_Kingdom_Animalia._584_pp
__Further_reading_
*_
*_
*_
__External_links_
Occurrence_of_the_genus_''Chrysallida''
To_ITIS
{{Taxonbar">from=Q3736661
Chrysallida.html" ;"title="onth of publication unknown, but later than February (the paper in Naturalista Siciliano, cited p. 57)
Dall W.H. & Bartsch P. 1909. ''A Monograph of West American Pyramidellid Mollusks''. Bulletin, United States National Museum, 68: i-xii, 1-258, 30 pl.
Iredale T. (1915). ''Notes on the names of some British marine Mollusca''. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 11(6): 329-342
Iredale T. 1917. ''Molluscan name-changes, generic and specific''. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 12: 322-330
* Corgan J.X. 1973. ''The names Partulida Schaufuss, 1869 and Spiralinella Chaster, 1901 (Gastropoda, Pyramidellacea)''. Journal of Conchology, 28: 9-10.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.'' Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
* Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
Further reading
*
*
*
External links
Occurrence of the genus ''Chrysallida''
To ITIS
{{Taxonbar">from=Q3736661
Chrysallida">
Pyramidellidae