Chronology of the colonization of North America

This is a chronology and timeline of the colonization of North America, with founding dates of selected European settlements. See also European colonization of the Americas.

Before Columbus

* 986: Norsemen settle Greenland and Bjarni Herjólfsson sights coast of North America, but doesn't land (see also Norse colonization of the Americas).
* : Norse settle briefly in L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
* : Norse colony in Greenland dies out.
* 1473: João Vaz Corte-Real perhaps reaches Newfoundland; writes about the "Land of Cod fish" in his journal. The claims of this discovery remain entirely speculative.

Late fifteenth century

*1492: Columbus sets sail aboard the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria.
*1492: Columbus reaches the Bahamas, Cuba and Hispaniola.
*1492: La Navidad is established on the island of Hispaniola; it was destroyed by the following year.
*1493: The colony of La Isabela is established on the island of Hispaniola.
*1493: Columbus arrives in Puerto Rico
*1494: Columbus arrives in Jamaica.
*1496: Santo Domingo, the first European permanent settlement, is built.
*1497: John Cabot reaches Newfoundland.
*1498: In his third voyage, Columbus reaches Trinidad and Tobago.
*1498: La Isabela is abandoned by the Spanish.
*1499: João Fernandes Lavrador maps Labrador and Newfoundland

Sixteenth century

*1501: Corte-Real brothers explore the coast of what is today the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
*1502: Columbus sails along the mainland coast south of Yucatán, and reaches present-day Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama
*1503: Las Tortugas noted by Columbus in passage through the Western Caribbean present-day Cayman Islands
*1508: Ponce de León founds Caparra on San Juan Bautista (now Puerto Rico)
*1511: Conquest of Cuba begins
*1513: Ponce de León in Florida
*1515: Conquest of Cuba completed
*1517: Francisco Hernández de Córdoba lands on the Yucatán Peninsula
*1519: Founding of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz (Veracruz)
*1519: Founding of Panama City by Pedro Arias Dávila
*1521: Hernán Cortés completes the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
*1521: Juan Ponce de León tries and fails to settle in Florida.
*1524: Pedro de Alvarado conquers present-day Guatemala and El Salvador.
*1524: Giovanni da Verrazzano sails along most of the east coast.
*1525: Estêvão Gomes enters Upper New York Bay
*1526: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón briefly establishes the failed settlement of San Miguel de Gualdape in South Carolina, the first site of enslavement of Africans in North America and of the first slave rebellion.
*1527: Fishermen are using the harbor at St. John's, Newfoundland and other places on the coast.
*1535: Jacques Cartier reaches Quebec.
*1536: Cabeza de Vaca reaches Mexico City after wandering through North America.
*1538: Failed Huguenot settlement on St. Kitts in the Caribbean (destroyed by the Spanish).
*1539: Hernando de Soto explores the interior from Florida to Arkansas.
*1540: Coronado travels from Mexico to eastern Kansas.
*1540: The Spanish reach the Grand Canyon (the area is ignored for the next 200 years).
*1541: Failed French settlement at Charlesbourg-Royal (Quebec City) by Cartier and Roberval.
*1542: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo reaches the California coast.
*1559: Failed Spanish settlement at Pensacola, Florida.
*1562: Failed Huguenot settlement in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site).
*1564: French Huguenots at Jacksonville, Florida (Fort Caroline).
*1565: Spanish slaughter French 'heretics' at Fort Caroline.
*1565: Spanish found Saint Augustine, Florida. ( Mission Nombre de Dios)
*1566–1587: Spanish in South Carolina (Charlesfort-Santa Elena site).
*1568: Dutch revolt against Spain begins. The economic model developed in the Netherlands would define colonial policies in the next two centuries.
*1570: Failed Spanish settlement on Chesapeake Bay (Ajacán Mission).
*1576: Martin Frobisher reaches the coast of Labrador and Baffin Island.
*1579: Sir Francis Drake claims New Albion.
*1583: England formally claims Newfoundland (Humphrey Gilbert).
*1585: Roanoke Colony founded by English Roanoke Island, North Carolina, failed in 1587
*1598: Failed French settlement on Sable Island off Nova Scotia.
*1598: Spanish settlement in Northern New Mexico.
*1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers. North of Mexico the only settlements were Saint Augustine and the isolated outpost in northern New Mexico. Exploration of the interior was largely abandoned after the 1540s. Around Newfoundland 500 or more boats annually were fishing for cod and some fishermen were trading for furs, especially at Tadoussac on the Saint Lawrence.

Seventeenth century

* 1605 – Port Royal – French
* 1607 – Jamestown – English
* 1607 – Popham Colony – English
* 1608 – Quebec – French
* 1610 – Cuper's Cove – English
* 1610 – Kecoughtan, Virginia – English
* 1610 – Santa Fe – Spanish
* 1611 – Henricus – English
* 1612 – Bermuda - English
* 1615 – Fort Nassau – Dutch
* 1615 – Renews, Newfoundland – English
* 1618 – Bristol's Hope – English

* 1620 – St. John's, Newfoundland – English
* 1620 – Plymouth Colony – English
* 1621 – Nova Scotia – Scottish
* 1622 – Province of Maine – English
* 1623 – Portsmouth – English
* 1623 – Stage Point – English
* 1623 – Dover – English
* 1623 – Pannaway – English
* 1623 – New Castle – English
* 1623 – Fort Nassau – Dutch
* 1624 – St. Kitts – English
* 1624 – Governors Island – Dutch
* 1625 – Cape Breton – Scottish
* 1625 – New Amsterdam – Dutch
* 1626 – Salem – English
* 1630 – Massachusetts Bay Colony – English
* 1630 – Pavonia – Dutch
* 1631 – Saint John, New Brunswick – English
* 1632 – Williamsburgh – English
* 1633 – Fort Hoop – Dutch
* 1633 – Windsor, Connecticut – English
* 1634 – Maryland Colony – English
* 1634 – Wethersfield – English
* 1635 – Territory of Sagadahock – English
* 1635 – Saybrook Colony - English
* 1636 – Providence Plantations – English
* 1636 – Connecticut Colony – English
* 1638 – New Haven Colony – English
* 1638 – Fort Christina – Swedish
* 1638 – Exeter – English
* 1638 – Hampton, New Hampshire - English
* 1639 – Bridgeport, Connecticut – English
* 1639 – Newport – English
* 1639 – San Marcos – Spanish
* 1640 – New Stockholm – Swedish
* 1640 – Swedesboro – Swedish
* 1642 – Montreal – French
* 1651 – Fort Casimir – Dutch
* 1652 - York, Maine
* 1653 - Biddeford, Maine
* 1658 - Scarborough, Maine
* 1660 – Bergen – Dutch
* 1665 – Elizabethtown – English
* 1666 – Newark – English
* 1668 – Sault Ste. Marie (Michigan) - French,
* 1669 – English Neighborhood – Dutch, English,
* 1670 – Charleston – English
* 1678 – New Paltz, New York – French
* 1679 – Acquackanonk – Dutch
* 1680 – Fort Crevecoeur (Peoria, Illinois) – French
* 1682 – Pennsylvania – English
* 1683 – Fort Saint Louis (Illinois) – French
* 1683 – East New Jersey – Scottish
* 1684 – Stuarts Town, Carolina – Scottish
* 1685 – Fort Saint Louis (Texas) – French
* 1686 – Arkansas Post - French
* 1691 – Fort Pimiteoui (Fort Crevecoeur, Peoria, Illinois) – French
* 1698 – Pensacola, Florida – Spanish
* 1699 – Louisiana – French

Eighteenth century

* 1701 – Cornwallis – French
* 1701 – Detroit – French
* 1702 – Mobile – French
* 1704 – Delaware separated from Pennsylvania
* 1706 - Albuquerque - Spanish
* 1714 – Natchitoches, Louisiana, Natchitoches - French
* 1714 – Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Hessen-Nassau
* 1717 – Germanna, Virginia – Germans from Baden-Württemberg
* 1718 – New Orleans – French
* 1718 – San Antonio – Spanish
* 1721 – Germanna, Virginia – Germans
* 1721 – Greenland – Danish
* 1729 – Baltimore – British
* 1733 – Province of Georgia – British
* 1734 – Culpeper, Virginia – Germans
* 1738 – Culpeper, Virginia; some to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania – Germans
* 1763 – St. Louis (Missouri) – French
* 1769 – San Diego – Spanish
* 1770 – Monterey, California, Monterey – Spanish
* 1775 – Tucson, Arizona, Tucson – Spanish
* 1776 – San Francisco – Spanish
* 1777 – History of San Jose, California, San Jose – Spanish
* 1781 – Los Angeles – Spanish
* 1784 – Kodiak Island – Russian
* 1787 – United States Constitution, U.S. constitution written – American
* 1791 – Santa Cruz, California, Santa Cruz – Spanish

See also

*British colonization of the Americas
*French colonization of the Americas
*Russian colonization of North America
*Spanish colonization of the Americas
*List of North American settlements by year of foundation
*New Netherland settlements
*List of French possessions and colonies
*Former colonies and territories in Canada
*Chronology of Western colonialism
*Timeline of European imperialism
*European colonization of the Americas
*Former colonies and territories in Canada

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline Of Colonization Of North America
Timelines of North American history
European colonization of North America