''Chronicle of a Summer'' (French original title: ''Chronique d'un été'') is a 1961 French

documentary film A documentary film or documentary is a non-fictional film, motion-picture intended to "document reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education or maintaining a Recorded history, historical record". Bill Nichols (film critic), Bil ...

shot during the summer of 1960 by sociologist

Edgar Morin Edgar Morin (; ; born Edgar Nahoum; 8 July 1921) is a French philosopher and sociologist of the theory of information who has been recognized for his work on complexity and "complex thought" ( pensée complexe), and for his scholarly contributio ...

and

anthropologist An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropology is the study of aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms and ...

and

filmmaker Filmmaking (film production) is the process by which a motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, starting with an initial story, idea, or commission. It then continues through screenwriting, castin ...

Jean Rouch Jean Rouch (; 31 May 1917 – 18 February 2004) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist. He is considered one of the founders of cinéma vérité in France. Rouch's practice as a filmmaker, for over 60 years in Africa, was characterized b ...

, with the technical and aesthetic collaboration of Québécois director-cameraman

Michel Brault Michel Brault, OQ (25 June 1928 – 21 September 2013) was a Canadian cinematographer, cameraman, film director, screenwriter, and film producer. He was a leading figure of Direct Cinema, characteristic of the French branch of the National ...

. The film is widely regarded as structurally innovative and an example of ''

cinéma vérité Cinéma vérité (, , ; "truthful cinema") is a style of documentary filmmaking developed by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch, inspired by Dziga Vertov's theory about Kino-Pravda. It combines improvisation with use of the camera to unveil truth or high ...

'' and direct cinema. The term "cinéma vérité" was suggested by the film's publicist and coined by Rouch, highlighting a connection between film and its context, a fact Brault confirmed in an interview after a 2011 screening of ''Chronique d'un été'' at the TIFF Bell Lightbox in Toronto. In a 2014 ''

Sight & Sound ''Sight and Sound'' (also spelled ''Sight & Sound'') is a British monthly film magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI). It conducts the well-known, once-a-decade ''Sight and Sound'' Poll of the Greatest Films of All Time, ongoing ...

'' poll, film critics voted ''Chronicle of a Summer'' the sixth-best documentary film of all time.

Synopsis

The film begins with Rouch and Morin discussing whether it is possible to act sincerely on camera. A cast of real-life individuals are then introduced and led by the filmmakers to discuss topics related to French society and working-class happiness. At the movie's end, the filmmakers show their subjects the footage and have them discuss the level of reality that they thought the movie achieved.

Production

''Chronicle of a Summer'' was filmed in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

and

Saint-Tropez , INSEE = 83119 , postal code = 83990 , image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Saint-Tropez-A (Var).svg , image flag=Flag of Saint-Tropez.svg Saint-Tropez (; oc, Sant Tropetz, ; ) is a commune in the Var department and the region of Provence-Al ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. Rouch used

synchronized sound Synchronized may refer to: *Synchronization (US) or ''synchronisation'' (UK), the coordination of events to operate a system in unison * ''Synchronized'' (album), a 2002 album by Sheavy *Synchronised (horse) (2003–2012), a racehorse *, a programm ...

, using a 16 mm camera connected through

pilottone {{for, pilot tones in telecommunications, Pilot signal Pilottone (or Pilotone) and the related neo-pilottone are special synchronization signals recorded by analog audio recorders designed for use in motion picture production, to keep sound and vi ...

with a prototype of Nagra III, a transistorized tape recorder with electronic speed control developed by

Stefan Kudelski Stefan Kudelski (27 August 1931 – 26 January 2013)
Nagra was a Polish audio engineer known for creating ...

Cast

All cast members appear as themselves. *

Marceline Loridan-Ivens Marceline Loridan-Ivens (née Rozenberg; 19 March 1928 – 18 September 2018) was a French writer and film director. Her memoir ''But You Did Not Come Back'' details her time in Auschwitz-Birkenau. She was married to Joris Ivens. Biography Marc ...

Marilù Parolini Maria Ludovica (Marilù) Parolini (1931–2012) was an Italian photographer and screenwriter. Parolini moved to Paris in 1957 and worked as a secretary at ''Cahiers du cinéma'' from 1960 to 1962. There she met members of the French New Wave and ...

(as Mary Lou) * Angelo * Jean-Pierre Sergent * Jean (worker) * Nadine Ballot (student) *

Régis Debray Jules Régis Debray (; born 2 September 1940) is a French philosopher, journalist, former government official and academic. He is known for his theorization of mediology, a critical theory of the long-term transmission of cultural meaning in hum ...

(student) * Céline (student) * Jean-Marc (student) * Landry (student) * Raymond (student) * Jacques (office workers) * Simone (office workers) * Henri (artist) * Madi (artist) * Catherine (artist) * Sophie (One cover girl) * Véro (young girl, uncredited) * Maxie (Jacques' wife, uncredited) *

Jacques Rivette Jacques Rivette (; 1 March 1928 – 29 January 2016) was a French film director and film critic most commonly associated with the French New Wave and the film magazine ''Cahiers du Cinéma''. He made twenty-nine films, including ''L'amour fou' ...

(cameo, scene deleted)

References

External links

*
''Chronicle of a Summer: Truth and Consequences''
an essay by Sam Di Iorio at the

Criterion Collection The Criterion Collection, Inc. (or simply Criterion) is an American home-video distribution company that focuses on licensing, restoring and distributing "important classic and contemporary films." Criterion serves film and media scholars, cinep ...

1961 documentary films 1961 films French documentary films French avant-garde and experimental films Self-reflexive films Films directed by Jean Rouch Films produced by Anatole Dauman 1960s French-language films 1960s French films {{France-documentary-film-stub

Synopsis

Production

Cast

See also

References

External links