The ''Chronicle of 1419''This is the English title used in and . is a vernacular Portuguese chronicle of the reigns of the first seven kings of Portugal from 1139 to 1357:

Afonso I Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...

, Sancho I,

Afonso II Alphons (Latinized ''Alphonsus'', ''Adelphonsus'', or ''Adefonsus'') is a male given name recorded from the 8th century (Alfonso I of Asturias, r. 739–757) in the Christian successor states of the Visigothic kingdom in the Iberian peninsula. ...

, Sancho II,

Afonso III Afonso III (; rare English alternatives: ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse''), or ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese), ''Alfonso'' or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin), the Boulonnais ( Port. ''o Bolonhês''), King of Portugal ( ...

, Denis and

Afonso IV Afonso IVEnglish: ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', or ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese), ''Alfonso'' or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin). (; 8 February 129128 May 1357), called the Brave ( pt, o Bravo, links=no), was King ...

. It is the first true history of Portugal. Earlier historiography produced in Portugal is more general and lacks a distinctly Portuguese focus, but in the ''Chronicle of 1419'' "for the first time, the kingdom f Portugalis the field of observation." The work is strictly anonymous. It has sometimes been attributed to

Fernão Lopes Fernão Lopes () (c. 1385 – after 1459) was a Portuguese chronicler appointed by King Edward of Portugal. Fernão Lopes wrote the history of Portugal, but only a part of his work remained. His way of writing was based on oral discourse, a ...

, but this is contested. It is based on earlier written sources, now lost. It has a late and defective manuscript tradition. The two main witnesses—Biblioteca Publica Municipal do Porto 886 and Casa dos Duques de Cadaval M-VIIl-15—both date to the 16th century. Long sections of the text were incorporated into the chronicles of

António Galvão António Galvão (c. 1490–1557), also known as Antonio Galvano, was a Portuguese soldier, chronicler and administrator in the Maluku islands, and a Renaissance historian who was the first person to present a comprehensive report of the leading v ...

and

Rui de Pina Rui (or Ruy) de Pina (1440–1522) was a Portuguese chronicler. Biography Rui (or Ruy) de Pina was a native of Guarda. He acted as secretary of the embassy sent by King John II of Portugal to Castile in the spring of 1482, and in the followin ...

. The ''Chronicle'' is known by several Portuguese titles, depending on the edition. These include ''Crónica de Portugal de 1419'', ''Crónica de 1419'', ''Crónica de cinco reis de Portugal'' ('chronicle of five kings of Portugal') and ''Crónicas dos sete primeiros reis de Portugal'' ('chronicle of the first seven kings of Portugal'). The different names come from the fact that the manuscript Porto 886 is incomplete, breaking off in the reign of Afonso III. The common name of the chronicle comes from the date of the start of composition, 1 July 1457 of the Hispanic era, corresponding to AD 1419, as revealed in an early passage. It appears the original intention was to bring the work down to the reign of

John I John I may refer to: People * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526 * John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna * John I o ...

(1385–1433), but it was never completed.

Editions

* * * 3 vols.

References

Works cited

* * * * * * * {{refend 1419 in Portugal 1419 works Portuguese chronicles