Christopher Billopp or Billop ( - 1725) was an English officer of the Royal Navy in the seventeenth century who commanded various

ships of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colum ...

, including in the

Battle of Bantry Bay The Battle of Bantry Bay was a naval engagement fought on 11 May 1689, a week before the declaration of the Nine Years' War. The English fleet was commanded by Admiral Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Torrington after the Battle; the French fl ...

. He is noted as part of the "

Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County, in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the city's southwest portion, the borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull an ...

Legend", a likely apocryphal story which describes Billopp's circumnavigation of Staten Island in a sailing race to claim it for

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States New York may also refer to: Film and television * '' ...

. Though the legend has survived in oral tradition and popular culture since at least the 19th century, there is no concrete evidence that such a race actually occurred.

Family

Billopp's father was named William Billopp from Beverley in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. His grandfather was Christopher Billopp (Mayor of Beverley) and great grandfather Johnis. He had a brother named Joseph, who resided in New York and London, England. He was married twice and had two daughters by his first wife, Mary, and Anne, his second wife was Katherine Farmar. Anne married Thomas Farmar.

Government service

In 1709, Billopp received a charter to operate the Perth Amboy Ferry, part of an important overland route between New York and Philadelphia. Billopp also served for a time as a lieutenant in command of an infantry detachment under colonial governor Edmund Andros.

Staten Island legend

A primary source describes Billopp's alleged role in securing

for New York. To settle a territorial dispute between New York and New Jersey, the

Duke of York Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of English (later British) monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Du ...

was said to have come up with a novel solution: he declared that all islands in New York Harbor that could be circumnavigated in 24 hours would belong to New York, and if such a voyage took longer than that, they would belong to New Jersey. At this time, Billopp was just across the waterway from Staten Island at Perth Amboy, New Jersey aboard a small two-gun vessel called the ''Bentley''. Billopp was selected for the duke's challenge. While struggling to figure out how to complete the more than voyage within the duke's time frame of 24 hours, Billopp reasoned that if he packed the deck of his ship with empty barrels, the extra surface area could harness some more wind giving his ship a slight boost in speed. Thus equipped, Billopp completed the circumnavigation in just over 23 hours and secured Staten Island for New York. In recognition of his achievement, the duke awarded Billopp a total of of land located in what is now the Tottenville section of Staten Island. On this land, Billopp built his house, which he named the Manor of Bentley in honor of his ship. While this anecdote has been widely repeated, including by

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Michael Bloomberg Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman, politician, philanthropist, and author. He is the majority owner, co-founder and CEO of Bloomberg L.P. He was Mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013, and was a ca ...

, reliable historical documentation of the event is extremely sparse, and most historians conclude that it is entirely apocryphal. In 2007, '' The New York Times'' addressed the issue in a news article, which concluded that this event was heavily embellished over the years and almost certainly originated in local folklore. YouTuber CGP Grey addressed the story of the Staten Island race and its historical discrepancies in a 2019 video.

Naval career

Billopp served in a number of Royal Naval vessels: *As lieutenant: ** ** *As captain: ** during the Battle of Barfleur ** ** ** ** during the

** **: a 10 gun ketch **''Prudent Mary''; fire ship; commanded the ship on 11 August 1673 during the Battle of Texel during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. While attempting to get alongside the ship of the Dutch Admiral Cornelis Tromp, was grappled by a Dutch fireship, both burned together.

Crown grants and legacy

Billopp was given a crown grant by James,

in 1676 for according to sources either or , on

in the colony of New York, which became known as the Billop plantation. He built a stone manor house upon the land named "Bentley Manor", after the name of a small ship he had commanded, the ''Bentley''. In 1687, he received a second crown grant. Although land ownership went through several hands, including those of William Henry Aspinwall, the neighborhood retained the Bentley Manor name into the early 20th century. The house, inherited by his great grandson Colonel Christopher Billopp, a British

Loyalist Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Cro ...

during the American Revolution, was the setting for a failed peace conference between Lord Howe and members of the

Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...

. His house is now a United States National Historic Landmark known as the Conference House.History of Thomas and Anne Billopp Farmar, and Some of their Descendants in America by Charles Farmer Billopp (Hardcover - 22 September 2009) Publisher: BiblioLife Language: English Billop Avenue in

Tottenville Tottenville is a neighborhood on the South Shore of Staten Island, New York City. It is the southernmost settlement in both New York City and New York State. Tottenville is bounded on three sides by water: the south side abuts New York Bight w ...

, formerly known as Raritan Avenue, Avenue D and Depew Avenue, was named after Christopher Billopp.

References

Bibliography

*''The Londons of the British fleet, how they faced the enemy on the day of battle and what their story means for us to-day'', Edward Fraser (1908), J. Lane (London) {{DEFAULTSORT:Billopp, Christopher 1630s births 1726 deaths Royal Navy officers Royal Navy personnel of the Third Anglo-Dutch War People of the Province of New York