Community Peacemaker Teams or CPT (previously called Christian Peacemaker Teams) is an
international organization
An international organization or international organisation (see spelling differences), also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is a stable set of norms and rules meant to govern the behavior of states a ...
set up to support teams of
peace workers A peaceworker is an individual or member of an organization that undertakes to resolve violent conflict, prevent the rise of new violent conflicts, and rebuild societies damaged by war.
The term peaceworker is usually reserved for civilian, unarmed ...
in conflict areas around the world. The organization uses these teams to achieve its aims of lower levels of violence, nonviolent
direct action
Direct action originated as a political activist term for economic and political acts in which the actors use their power (e.g. economic or physical) to directly reach certain goals of interest, in contrast to those actions that appeal to othe ...
,
human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyHuman Rights Retrieved 14 August 2014 for certain standards of hu ...
documentation and
nonviolence
Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition. It may come from the belief that hurting people, animals and/or the environment is unnecessary to achieve an outcome and it may refer to a general philosoph ...
training in direct action. CPT sums up their work as being "committed to reducing violence by 'getting in the way'".
The organization currently has a full-time peace force of over 30 activists currently working in
Colombia,
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
, the
West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
,
Chiapas, Mexico
Chiapas (; Tzotzil and Tzeltal: ''Chyapas'' ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the states that make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises 124 municipalities a ...
and
Kenora
Kenora (), previously named Rat Portage (french: Portage-aux-Rats), is a city situated on the Lake of the Woods in Ontario, Canada, close to the Manitoba boundary, and about east of Winnipeg by road. It is the seat of Kenora District.
The hi ...
, Canada. These activists are supported by over 150 reservists who spend two weeks to two months a year on location for the organization and its activities.
Christianity and CPT
CPT has its roots in the historic
peace churches
Peace churches are Christian churches, groups or communities advocating Christian pacifism or Biblical nonresistance. The term historic peace churches refers specifically only to three church groups among pacifist churches:
* Church of the Brethr ...
of North America, and its four supporting denominations are the
Mennonite Church Canada,
Church of the Brethren
The Church of the Brethren is an Anabaptist Christian denomination in the Schwarzenau Brethren (german: link=no, Schwarzenauer Neutäufer "Schwarzenau New Baptists") tradition that was organized in 1708 by Alexander Mack in Schwarzenau, Ger ...
, and the
Religious Society of Friends
Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belief in each human's abili ...
. It is also sponsored by several Christian groups: "Every Church a Peace Church", "On Earth Peace", "Presbyterian Peace Fellowship", "
Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America The Baptist Peace Fellowship of North America-Bautistas por la Paz (BPFNA-Bautistas por la Paz) is a Baptist Christian denomination. The headquarters is in Charlotte, North Carolina.
History
The Convention has its origins in the establishment of t ...
", and the "
Congregation of St. Basil
The Congregation of St. Basil ( la, Congregatio a Sancto Basilio), abbreviated CSB, also called the Basilians, is a Roman Catholic clerical religious congregation of Pontifical Right for men (priests, seminarians and lay associates). It is an ap ...
". In conflict areas it works in partnership with
Jewish
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...
,
Muslim and secular peace organizations, such as the
International Solidarity Movement
The International Solidarity Movement (ISM) is a Palestinian-led movement focused on assisting the Palestinian cause in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. ISM is dedicated to the use of nonviolent protests and methods only. The organization ...
,
Peace Brigades International and
Nonviolent Peaceforce. Another component of CPT's work is to engage "...congregations, meetings and support groups at home to play a key advocacy role with policy makers."
Although it is a Christian-based organization, CPT does not engage in any type of
missionary
A missionary is a member of a Religious denomination, religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Tho ...
activity. Their website states "While CPTers have chosen to follow Jesus Christ, they do not proselytize."
This has raised the question of what distinguishes them from similar "secular", organizations;
"All the groups resemble one another other in that they all work to stop violence, but according to CPT's Web site, it has an advantage over secular groups: "In Muslim areas, the Christian nature of CPT helps to create confidence because of a shared sense of monotheism." The group does not believe that its Christianity might also put it at a dangerous disadvantage in areas of the world where religious tensions run high."
Their website also states that Corp members are Christians, but there is no faith requirement for members of CPT's short-term delegations. For example, one of the CPT delegates who was held hostage in Iraq,
Harmeet Singh Sooden, is a
Sikh
Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism (Sikhi), a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ' ...
.
The
Mennonite Church USA Archives The Mennonite Church USA Archives was founded in 2001 under the denominational merger of the (old) Mennonite Church and the General Conference Mennonite Church. Prior to 2001, the two largest Mennonite denominations maintained separate archives: ...
is the repository of the official records of Community Peacemaker Teams.
History
The inspiration for the group came from
Ron Sider
Ronald James Sider (September 17, 1939 – July 27, 2022), was a Canadian-born American theologian and social activist. He was the founder of Evangelicals for Social Action, a think-tank which seeks to develop biblical solutions to social and e ...
at the
Mennonite World Conference
The Mennonite World Conference (MWC) is a Mennonite Anabaptist Christian denomination. Its headquarters are in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.
History
The first ''Mennonite World Conference'' was held in Basel in 1925. Its main purpose was to celebra ...
in 1984. At the conference, Sider criticized
Mennonites
Mennonites are groups of Anabaptist Christian church communities of denominations. The name is derived from the founder of the movement, Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland. Through his writings about Reformed Christianity during the Ra ...
and
Brethren in Christ
The Brethren in Christ Church (BIC) is a River Brethren Christian denomination with roots in the Mennonite church, Radical Pietism, and Wesleyan theology, Wesleyan Holiness movement, holiness. They have also been known as River Brethren and Riv ...
for reducing their practice of peace witnessing to simple
conscientious objection
A conscientious objector (often shortened to conchie) is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion. The term has also been extended to objecti ...
:
Unless comfortable North American and European Mennonites and Brethren in Christ are prepared to risk injury and death in nonviolent opposition to the injustice our societies foster and assist in Central America, the Philippines, and South Africa, we dare never whisper another word about pacifism to our sisters and brothers in those desperate lands....
Unless we are prepared to pay the cost of peacemaking, we have no right to claim the label or preach the message.
After a series of meetings,
Gene Stoltzfus
Mervin Eugene "Gene" Stoltzfus (February 1, 1940 – March 10, 2010) was an American peace activist, international development worker, founding director of Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT), and pioneer in the international peace team movement. ...
was hired as the first staff person for the new organization in 1988. Over the next few years CPT trainings and conferences explored various models for international peacemaking. In 1990, just before the
Gulf War
The Gulf War was a 1990–1991 armed campaign waged by a Coalition of the Gulf War, 35-country military coalition in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Spearheaded by the United States, the coalition's efforts against Ba'athist Iraq, ...
, CPT sent a team of 13 to Iraq for 10 days, with
Sr. Anne Montgomery Sister Anne Montgomery, RSCJ (20 November 1926 – 27 August 2012) was an American non-violent activist and educator of young children who was part of the Plowshares movements and campaigned against the US government for peace. Aside from teaching ...
among this number. This delegation proved to be the first of a number the group would later send to Haiti, Iraq, and the West Bank.
Iraq activities
CPT has operated in Iraq since October 2002. Since the
2003 invasion of Iraq, they have worked with and advocated for families of people detained by the
U.S. Military and collected stories of detainee
abuse
Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of a thing, often to unfairly or improperly gain benefit. Abuse can come in many forms, such as: physical or verbal maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, unjust practices, crimes, or other t ...
. In January 2004 they released a report documenting routine abuse of Iraqi prisoners held by
Coalition Provisional Authority
)
, capital = Baghdad
, largest_city = capital
, common_languages = Arabic Kurdish English (''de facto'')
, government_type = Transitional government
, legislature = Iraqi Governing Council
, title_leader = Administrator
, leader1 = ...
, well before the photographs of
Abu Ghraib
Abu Ghraib (; ar, أبو غريب, ''Abū Ghurayb'') is a city in the Baghdad Governorate of Iraq, located just west of Baghdad's city center, or northwest of Baghdad International Airport. It has a population of 189,000 (2003). The old road ...
prisoners brought international attention to the issue.
[CPT report]
/ref>
Hostage crisis
On 26 November 2005, four human rights workers associated with CPT were kidnapped in Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesipho ...
:
* James Loney, 41, of Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most pop ...
, Canada, program coordinator for CPT Canada
* Harmeet Singh Sooden, 32, of Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...
, an electrical engineer and former McGill University
McGill University (french: link=no, Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter granted by King George IV,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill Universit ...
student who had been living in New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the ...
* Norman Kember, 74, of London, UK, a retired professor of medical studies
* Tom Fox, 54, of Clearbrook, Virginia
Clear Brook is an unincorporated farming community in northern Frederick County, Virginia. The community lies approximately six miles (9.6 kilometers) north of the county seat of Winchester along Martinsburg Pike (U.S. Route 11). It is the site o ...
, U.S., a leader of youth programs at Langley Hill Friends Meeting
The four had been visiting the Muslim Clerics Association
The Association of Muslim Scholars in Iraq (Arabic: هيئة علماء المسلمين في العراق ''Hayat al-Ulama al-Muslimin Fi al-Iraq'') is a group of religious leaders in Iraq. It was formed on the April 14, 2003, four days after th ...
, an influential group of Sunni religious leaders formed in 2003 after the collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime. The group had been standing roughly 100 meters from the entrance to a mosque where the meeting had taken place when they were abducted.
Their captors were a previously unknown group, the Swords of Righteousness Brigade The Swords of Righteousness Brigade (Arabic: سرايا سيوف الحق, sometimes translated as the Swords of Truth Brigade) is a terrorist group which kidnapped four Western peace activists in Iraq on 26 November 2005, murdered one, Tom Fox, an ...
. The hostages were shown on a video broadcast released worldwide on 29 November by Arab satellite channel Al Jazeera
Al Jazeera ( ar, الجزيرة, translit-std=DIN, translit=al-jazīrah, , "The Island") is a state-owned Arabic-language international radio and TV broadcaster of Qatar. It is based in Doha and operated by the media conglomerate Al Jazee ...
. The captors branded their hostages as spies posing as Christian peace activists.
The captors threatened to kill the hostages unless the US freed all Iraqi prisoners held in the US and Iraq. A body found in Iraq on 10 March 2006 was identified later that day as being that of Tom Fox.[U.S. hostage taken with Canadians killed]
''Toronto Star'', March 10, 2006
On March 23, 2006, the three remaining hostages were freed from a house in the Mansour neighbourhood in Baghdad by a multinational force. None of the kidnappers were found in the house at the time. The ''Telegraph
Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message. Thus flag semaphore is a method of telegraphy, whereas ...
'' reported that "A deal had been struck with a man detained the previous night who was one of the leaders of the kidnappers. He was allowed a telephone call to warn his henchmen to leave the kidnap house. When the troops moved in and found the prisoners alive, they also let him go as promised."
The multinational force was led by elements of 'Task Force Black' - a counter-kidnap unit consisting of British, American and Canadian JTF2 special forces. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP; french: Gendarmerie royale du Canada; french: GRC, label=none), commonly known in English as the Mounties (and colloquially in French as ) is the federal police, federal and national police service of ...
and Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS, ; french: Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité, ''SCRS'') is Canada's primary national intelligence agency. It is responsible for collecting, analysing, reporting and disseminating i ...
were also involved.
The three surviving hostages were in good medical condition. While captive, they had been allowed to exercise and Kember had received medication he needs.
Although happy that the hostages were freed, CPT placed primary responsibility for the kidnapping on the coalition itself: "We believe that the illegal occupation of Iraq by Multinational Forces is the root cause of the insecurity which led to this kidnapping and so much pain and suffering in Iraq." CPT initially made no mention of appreciation to coalition forces for their efforts to free the hostages in its statement, but did so in a later addenda after considerable media attention.[CPT comments]
on the release of hostages It was reported that the CPT had not cooperated with the SAS
SAS or Sas may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
* ''SAS'' (novel series), a French book series by Gérard de Villiers
* ''Shimmer and Shine'', an American animated children's television series
* Southern All Stars, a Japanese rock ba ...
officials who coordinated the release operation. CPT co-director Doug Pritchard stated that they did not want a "military raid" to occur and preferred to work with diplomats.
Work in Colombia
CPT has had a team based in Barrancabermeja, Colombia since 2001. The focus of their work has been accompanying a number of communities along the Opon river, a tributary of the Magdalena River
The Magdalena River ( es, Río Magdalena, ; less commonly ) is the main river of Colombia, flowing northward about through the western half of the country. It takes its name from the biblical figure Mary Magdalene. It is navigable through much o ...
. The farmers and fishers from these communities displaced themselves in 2000 because of heavy fighting in 2000 between the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia
The United Self-Defences of Colombia (''Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia'', or AUC, in Spanish) was a Colombian far-right paramilitary and drug trafficking group which was an active belligerent in the Colombian armed conflict during the period ...
(AUC) and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Since the community members returned to their homes in 2001, the team has had a nearly daily presence in the area to support the people, work to prevent intimidation by both AUC and FARC and document human rights abuses if they occur. The team also works with Colombian women's groups and human rights groups based in Barrancabermeja in an effort to reduce threats and violent acts carried out by the AUC in the city.
Work in Chiapas, Mexico
CPT has, in the past, also been involved in Chiapas, Mexico, where violence had erupted between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation
The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (, EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas (Mexican ), is a far-left political and militant group that controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico.
Since ...
and the Mexican government. CPT's long-term presence began in June 1998. In Chiapas, CPT partnered with a Christian civil society group called Las Abejas (the Bees) that shares a commitment to pacifism. Their joint activities included going to the bases of the Mexican military to pray.
Work in the Palestinian territories
As of 2014, CPT has several projects in the West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
, one in Hebron
Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a State of Palestine, Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies Above mean sea level, above sea level. The second-lar ...
and one in Masafer Yatta
Masafer Yatta ( ar, مسافر يطا, also spelled Mosfaret Yatta) is a collection of 19 Palestinian hamlets in the southern West Bank, in the Hebron Governorate of the State of Palestine, located between 14 and 24 kilometers south of the ...
area of the South Hebron Hills. The organisation inter alia supports Palestinian nonviolent resistance to the occupation in coordination with Israeli and international organizations. CPT has been active in Hebron
Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a State of Palestine, Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies Above mean sea level, above sea level. The second-lar ...
, At-Tuwani, Al Bowereh
Al Bowereh or Al-Bweireh, also known as Aqabat Injeleh, is a Palestinian village located just east of Hebron. It is situated adjacent to and north of the Israeli settlement of Givat Harsina. The village is occupied by Israel since 1967, together ...
and the Baqa'a Valley
The Baqa'a Valley, sometimes called ''Beqa'a Valley'', is a fertile agricultural Palestinian area in the West Bank, just east of Hebron. Located in the area are the Palestinian villages Al Bowereh, Al Baqa and Wadi al-Ghrous. The Israeli settleme ...
. Part of the team's daily routines includes school patrol, and monitoring settler violence and soldier home invasions. The teams also work against home demolitions. CPT believes the Israeli occupation is violent, and that reconciliation between Palestinians and Israelis can only flourish when the occupation ends. CPT has however condemned Palestinian violence against Israeli civilians. Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization, headquartered in New York City, that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. The group pressures governments, policy makers, companies, and individual human ...
has typified the CPT as "one of the few credible sources about the human rights situation in Hebron". CPT has been working in Hebron since 1994. Israel has denied several CPT members access to Palestine.[''AL-KHALIL (HEBRON): Denied: Part II'']
CPTnet, 24 September 2013
Settler attacks on schoolchildren escorts
On 27 September 2004, a joint team of CPT members and the international organization ''Operazione Colomba'' (Operation Dove) began escorting Palestinian schoolchildren on their way on the route from the villages of Tuba
The tuba (; ) is the lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass instrument, brass family. As with all brass instruments, the sound is produced by lip vibrationa buzzinto a mouthpiece (brass), mouthpiece. It first appeared in the mid-19th&n ...
and Maghayir al-Abeed to the school in At-Tuwani, that passes between the Israeli settlement of Ma'on and the settlement outposts Hill 833 (Havat Ma'on) and Ma'on Ranch.[''As Resident Aliens: Christian Peacemaker Teams in the West Bank'']
pp 258-267. Kathleen Kern, Wipf & Stock Pub, 2010[''A Dangerous Journey:Settler Violence Against Palestinian schoolchildren Under Israeli Military Escort2006-2008'']
. CPT/Operation Dove August 2008. O
/ref> On 29 September, two CPT members, Kim Lamberty and Chris Brown were severely injured in an ambush, when five masked men armed with a chain and bat attacked them as they were escorting Palestinian children on the route. Lamberty's arm was broken and Brown was hospitalized with cracked ribs and a punctured lung. Lamberty told ''The Washington Post'' that she was beaten while she was on ground and "saw the group go back through the grove of trees and into Ma'on Ranch".
Caryle Murphy, Washington Post, 9 October 2004.
CPTnet, 11 October 2004. Archived on 1 October 2005[''Israel/Occupied Territories: Israeli settlers wage campaign of intimidation on Palestinians and internationals alike'']
. Amnesty International, doc.nr. MDE 15/099/2004; 25 October 2004. Brown told the BBC at the time that harassment of the Christian volunteers by Israeli settlers was common, Lamberty had her passport, mobile phone and money stolen by the settlers, and that they "normally throw stones at us or fire their guns over our heads - but this is the most vicious assault so far". A Ma'on settlement security guard who arrived at the spot after some time, told the CPT team that they had been attacked because they "had upset the balance of power between the settlement and Palestinians." A spokesperson for the settlers said "he had no knowledge of the incident and opposed any violation of the law".
The next month, the team members and an Amnesty International delegate as well were attacked again. Soldiers warned the Palestinian villagers that CPT was endangering their children and the violence would be even worse if the children walked home from school through the settlement area. They blamed CPT for the violence and not the settlement attackers. The Israeli army said that they would not protect the children from Israeli settlers if they are accompanied by internationals on their way to and from school and offered to escort the children safely themselves, if the internationals left. Two days later, the children were again chased by settlers from the Havat Ma’on settlement. The Israeli army patrol, which was present, did not intervene. To avoid the attacks, the children have to take a long alternative 2 hours long way. In response to these attacks, the Israeli Knesset Committee for Children's Rights initiated an order to have soldiers escort the Palestinian children to school in At-Tuwani. However, CPT's report records that as of 10 November 2006, settlers had attacked or harassed the schoolchildren 40 times, in spite of the order by the Israeli Knesset Committee for Children's Rights to protect the children.''Report on the Israeli Military and Police Escort of Palestinian Children from Tuba and Magaer Al-Abeed to and from School in At-Tuwani for the 2005-2006 School Year''
CPT/Operation Dove, 10 November 2008
Since November 2009, Community Peacemaker Teams has been escorting schoolchildren of Al Bowereh
Al Bowereh or Al-Bweireh, also known as Aqabat Injeleh, is a Palestinian village located just east of Hebron. It is situated adjacent to and north of the Israeli settlement of Givat Harsina. The village is occupied by Israel since 1967, together ...
on their way home from school, to protect them from settlers violence.[Al Bowereh West bank, palestine]
Christian Peacemaker Teams, February 2012 (size: 6.1 MB). on
archived on 7 February 2012
/ref>
See also
* Christian pacifism
Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position according to which pacifism and non-violence have both a scriptural and rational basis for Christians, and affirms that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith. Chri ...
* Muslim Peacemaker Teams
* Mennonite Church USA Archives The Mennonite Church USA Archives was founded in 2001 under the denominational merger of the (old) Mennonite Church and the General Conference Mennonite Church. Prior to 2001, the two largest Mennonite denominations maintained separate archives: ...
* Peace makers
* List of anti-war organizations
In order to facilitate organized, determined, and principled opposition to the wars, people have often founded anti-war organizations. These groups range from temporary coalitions which address one war or pending war, to more permanent structured ...
References
Further reading
*Brown, Tricia Gates ''Getting in the Way: Stories from Christian Peacemaker Teams'', Herald Press, 2005.
*Clark, H., 2009. ''People Power: Unarmed Resistance and Global Solidarity'', Pluto Press.
*Gish, Arthur G., ''Hebron Journal: Stories of Nonviolent Peacemaking'', Herald Press, 2001.
*Kern, Kathleen
''As Resident Aliens: Christian Peacemaker Teams in the West Bank''
Wipf & Stock Pub
2010
*Kern, Kathleen, ''In Harm's Way: A History of Christian Peacemaker Teams'', Cascade Books, 2008.
*Mahony, L. & Eguren, L.E., ''Unarmed Bodyguards: International Accompaniment for the Protection of Human Rights'', West Hartford, Conn: Kumarian Press, 1997.
*Moser-Puangsuwan, Y. & Weber, T., ''Nonviolent Intervention Across Borders'', University of Hawaii Press, 2000.
*The official records of CPT are housed at th
Mennonite Church USA Archives
in Goshen IN
External links
*
{{Authority control
Anti–Iraq War groups
Christian pacifism
Christian political organizations
Christianity and other religions
Church of the Brethren
Mennonitism
Non-governmental organizations involved in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Nonviolence organizations
Peace organizations
Quaker organizations established in the 20th century