Chongmingia

''Chongmingia'' is a genus of basal avialan belonging to Pygostylia that lived during the Aptian. It was found in the Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, China, and was described by Wang ''et al''., 2016. The name comes from the word ''Chongming'', referring to a Chinese mythological bird, and the specific epithet is in honor of Mr. Xiaoting Zheng.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 2015; the description appeared in the pages of ''Scientific Reports''. Only the holotype, extracted from the Jehol Biota sediments from the Early Cretaceous period in north-east China, was discovered. ''Chongmingia zhengi'' represents a developmental line unknown at the time of description, it illustrates the diversity of traits in contemporary birds. The '' furcula'' in ''C. zhengi'' was stiff, which indicates their poor performance and the need to use more force on the fly. On the other hand, the relatively long forelimb and well-developed chest and shoulder keel on the humerus may indicate that the bird was able to provide enough strength to rise into the air. The presence of gastroliths indicates the prevalence of herbivory in early birds. Depending on the point of view, ''C. zhengi'' represents a previously unknown sister taxa to the Ornithothoraces clade, belonging to Avialae, or a sister taxon to a clade made up of all other Avialae except ''Archaeopteryx''.

The creators of the genus proposed two possible cladograms depicting kinship between ''C. zhengi'' and related taxa. The proposal that the new genus is a sister group for a clade made up of all the other avialans except ''Archaeopteryx'' is marked in green, while the competitive hypothesis for the Ornithothoraces sister group in its shown in blue.

In the 2018 description of the basal pygostylian ''Jinguofortis'', ''Chongmingia'' was recovered as a basal pygostylian sister to the former genus, and both genera placed in the new family Jinguofortisidae.Min Wang; Thomas A. Stidham; Zhonghe Zhou (2018). "A new clade of basal Early Cretaceous pygostylian birds and developmental plasticity of the avian shoulder girdle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. in press. .

In 2023, a third jinguofortisid was described by Li ''et al''. They recovered their new taxon, ''Cratonavis'', as the sister taxon to ''Chongmingia''. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q25407152

Early Cretaceous birds of Asia
Fossil taxa described in 2016
Aptian genera
Prehistoric avialans
Jiufotang fauna