The Chobanids (
Modern Turkish: ''Çobanoğulları'', ''Çobanoğulları Beyliği'') were the ruling dynasty of the
Turkish Anatolian beylik
Anatolian or anatolica may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the region Anatolia
* Ancient Anatolians, Anatolians, ancient Indo-European peoples who spoke the Anatolian languages
* Anatolian High School, a type of Turkish educational in ...
(principality) that controlled the city and region of
Kastamonu
Kastamonu, formerly Kastamone/Castamone () and Kastamon/Castamon (), is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu District. in the 13th century.
History
The founder of the dynasty was
Hüsamettin Çoban, a prominent
Kayı statesman and a commander of the
Sultans of Rum
The Sultanate of Rum was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rum) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. ...
during the reigns of
Kaykaus I and his successor
Kayqubad I. In the early decades of the 13th century, Hüsamettin Çoban was one of the commanders of the raids that extended Seljuk territory in northern
Anatolia
Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...
at the expense of the
Byzantine Empire of Trebizond. As a result, he had acquired Kastamonu as a
fiefdom
A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal alle ...
. Between 1224 and 1227, he also led the Seljuq army and fleet that set sail from
Sinop and captured and fortified the city of
Sudak in
Crimea
Crimea ( ) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukrain ...
.
After Hüsamettin Çoban's death, his hereditary possessions centered in Kastamonu were ruled respectively by his son and grandson, Alp Yürek and
Yavlak Arslan. Until the last years of Yavlak Arslan's reign, the Chobanid Beys pursued a prudent policy of allegiance to the
Mongols
Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China ( Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family o ...
who had established their hegemony over Anatolia following the
Battle of Köse Dag.
[Stanford Shaw, ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey'' (Cambridge: University Press, 1976), vol. 1 p. 12] A rebellion in the end by Yavlak Arslan resulted in his death in battle before Kastamonu against combined Seljuq–Mongol forces, and the region was awarded to Seljuk commander
Åžemseddin Yaman Candar, whose descendants went on to found the
Beylik of Candar centred in the same region and surrounding areas.
Although Yaman Candar was momentarily pushed out of the region by Yavlak Arslan's son
Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey, who also organized further raids into Byzantine territory to extend his domain, in 1309, this last ''bey'' of the Chobanids was attacked by
Şemseddin Yaman Candar's son ''Candaroğlu'' Süleyman Pasha and the region of
Kastamonu
Kastamonu, formerly Kastamone/Castamone () and Kastamon/Castamon (), is a city in northern Turkey. It is the seat of Kastamonu Province and Kastamonu District. was once again annexed into the
Beylik of Candar.
The Chobanid dynasty left important works of architecture in and around Kastamonu. The
Ottomans
Ottoman may refer to:
* Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire
* Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II"
* Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...
were vassals between 1281 and 1299 but declared independence after Yavlak Arslan stopped raiding the Byzantines in 1299.
List of rulers
#
Hüsamettin Çoban (from 1227)
#Alp Yürek (d. 1280)
#
Muzaffer al-Din Yavlak Arslan (1280–1292)
#Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey (1292–1309)
Genealogy of House of Chupan
See also
*
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
References
Further reading
*
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chobanids
Anatolian beyliks
History of Kastamonu Province
States and territories established in 1211
History of Kastamonu
Sunni dynasties