A chloroanion is an

anion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

that contains an element and

chlorine Chlorine is a chemical element with the Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate betwee ...

atoms. They are also known as complex chlorides. They can occur in salts, or in solution, but not as pure acids. They mostly can be considered as chlorometallates which are a subclass of halometallates. The maximum number of chlorido-

ligand In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding with the metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electr ...

s around a central atom may not be as many as for

fluoroanion In chemistry, a fluoroanion or fluorometallate anion is a polyatomic anion that contains one or more fluorine atoms. The ions and salts form from them are also known as complex fluorides. They can occur in salts, or in solution, but seldom as pu ...

s, as the chlorine atom is bigger than the fluorine. Some chloroanions are dimeric, where there is a bond between a pair of metal atoms, or some of the chloro ligands are in a bridge position, connected to two atoms. Some chloroanions are stable in a solution in water, whereas others are decomposed. They may be stable in a molten salt, such as an

ionic liquid An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state. In some contexts, the term has been restricted to salts whose melting point is below a specific temperature, such as . While ordinary liquids such as water and gasoline are predominantly made of ...

. In the solid form some are only stable with large cations, as when there are small cations they may form two separate chloride salt phases. Chloroanions include many

transition metal chloride complex In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex is a coordination complex that consists of a transition metal coordinated to one or more chloride ligand. The class of complexes is extensive. Bonding Halides are X-type ligands in coordination ch ...

es, but there are also chloroanions for

main-group element In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements (sometimes called the representative elements) whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arrange ...

s, including some non-metals.

List

* Tetrachloroberyllate BeCl₄²⁻ * Tetrachloroborate BCl₄⁻ * Tetrachloro magnesium dianion MgCl₄²⁻ *

Tetrachloroaluminate Tetrachloroaluminate lCl4sup>− is an anion formed from aluminium and chlorine. The anion has a tetrahedral shape, similar to carbon tetrachloride where carbon is replaced with aluminium. Some tetrachloroaluminates are soluble in organic ...

AlCl₄⁻ * Hexachloroaluminate chloroaluminate(III) * Hexachlorophosphate * Tetrachloroferrate(II) * Tetrachloroferrate(III) * Tetrachlorocobaltate *

Tetrachloronickelate Tetrachloronickelate is the metal complex with the formula iCl4sup>2−. Salts of the complex are available with a variety of cations, but a common one is tetraethylammonium. When concentrated lithium chloride and nickel chloride solution in wa ...

* Tetrachlorocuprate * Hexachlorocuprate *

Tetrachlorozincate Tetrachlorozincate is an anion with the formula nCl4sup>2−. It is a counterion that is often used in conjunction with strong electrophiles. Being dianionic, tetrachlorozincate is not classified as a weakly coordinating anion. On the other ...

* Tetrachlorogallate * Hexachlorogermanate * Hexachloroarsenate *

Octachlorodimolybdate Potassium octachlorodimolybdate (systematically named potassium bis(tetrachloromolybdate)(''Mo''–''Mo'')(4−)) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is known as a red-coloured, microcrystalline solid. The anion is of historic ...

Hexachloroplatinate Hexachloroplatinate is an anion with the chemical formula tCl6sup>2−. Chemical compounds containing the hexachloroplatinate anion include: *Chloroplatinic acid (or dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate), H2PtCl6 *Ammonium hexachloroplatinate, (NH4)2Pt ...

Tetrachloroaurate Chloroauric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates . Both the trihydrate and tetrahydrate are known. Both are orange-yellow solids consisting of the planar anion. Often chloroauric acid is handled as a solutio ...

* Hexachlorothallate

References

{{Reflist Chlorometallates