The Eyalet of Childir ( ota, ایالت ایالت چلدر; Eyālet-i Çıldır) or AkhalzikOther variants of this name include Akalzike (from ) was an

eyalet Eyalets ( Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government ...

of the Ottoman Empire in the Southwestern Caucasus. The area of the former Çıldır Eyalet is now divided between Samtskhe-Javakheti and the

Autonomous Republic of Adjara Adjara ( ka, აჭარა ''Ach’ara'' ) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara ( ka, აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა ''Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a'' ...

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may also refer to: Places Historical states and entities * Related to the ...

and provinces of

Artvin Artvin (Laz language, Laz and ; hy, Արտուին, translit=Artuin) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in northeastern Turkey about inland from the Black Sea. It is located on a hill overlooking the Çoruh, Çoruh River near the Deriner Dam ...

Ardahan Ardahan (, ka, არტაანი, tr, hy, Արդահան, translit=Ardahan Russian: Ардаган) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border. It is the capital of Ardahan Province. History Ancient and medieval Ardahan ...

and

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. The city uses the double-headed eagle as ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

. The administrative center was

Çıldır Çıldır ( hy, Հիւսիսեան, Husenian; meaning "North"; ka, ჩრდილი, Chrdili; meaning "Shadow") is a district of Ardahan Province of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cu ...

between 1578 and 1628,

Ahıska Akhaltsikhe ( ka, ახალციხე ), formerly known as Lomsia ( ka, ლომსია), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region (''mkhare'') of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is situated on both banks of a small river Potskhovi (a left ...

between 1628 and 1829, and

Oltu Oltu (; ) is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Necmettin Taşçı, from the AKP. The population was 31,087 in 2020. History An inscription found in Oltu’s castle has been dated to the ...

between 1829 and 1845.

History

Samtskhe Meskheti ( ka, მესხეთი) or Samtskhe ( ka, სამცხე) ( Moschia in ancient sources), is a mountainous area in southwestern Georgia. History Ancient tribes known as the Mushki (or Moschi) and Mosiniks (or Mossynoeci) were t ...

was the only Georgian principality to permanently become an Ottoman province (as the eyalet of Cildir). In the eighty years after the battle of Zivin the region was gradually absorbed into the empire. The Ottomans took the

region from the Principality of Meskheti, a vassal state of

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; fa, دودمان صفوی, Dudmâne Safavi, ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of th ...

. In 1578, when the new province was established, they appointed the former Georgian prince,

Minuchir The House of Jaqeli ( ka, ჯაყელი) was a Georgian princely (''mtavari'') family and a ruling dynasty of the Principality of Samtskhe, an offshoot of the House of Chorchaneli. History "Jaqeli", literally meaning "of/from Jaqi", was ori ...

(who took the name of ''Mustafa'' after converting to Islam) as the first governor. This eyalet expanded after taking of Ottomans

Adjara Adjara ( ka, აჭარა ''Ach’ara'' ) or Achara, officially known as the Autonomous Republic of Adjara ( ka, აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა ''Ach’aris Avt’onomiuri Resp’ublik’a'' ...

region from

Principality of Guria The Principality of Guria ( ka, გურიის სამთავრო, tr) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was r ...

in 1582. From 1625 onwards the entire eyalet was a hereditary possession of the now-Muslim

atabeg Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was wit ...

s of Samtskhe, which administered it as hereditary governors, with some exceptions, until the mid-18th century. During the

Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829. War broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian ships and revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliati ...

, Russians occupied much of the province. The administrative centre was moved from

Akhaltsikhe Akhaltsikhe ( ka, ახალციხე ), formerly known as Lomsia ( ka, ლომსია), is a small city in Georgia's southwestern region (''mkhare'') of Samtskhe–Javakheti. It is situated on both banks of a small river Potskhovi (a left ...

, which was ceded to Russia, to

. By the treaty of Adrianople, much of the pashalik was ceded to Russia, and became part of the Russian Akhalzik uzeyd of

Kutaisi Governorate The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of western Georgia throughout most of its existence, and most of the Artvin Province (except th ...

. The remaining, smaller inner part was united with the

eyalet of Kars The Eyalet of Kars ( ota, ایالت قارص; Eyālet-i Ḳarṣ) was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire. Its reported area in the 19th century was . The town of Kars, which had been levelled to the ground by the Timur in 1368, was reb ...

(later part of Eyalet of Erzurum) in 1845 and coastal parts was united with

Trabzon Eyalet Trebizond Eyalet ( ota, ایالت طربزون, Eyālet-i Ṭrabzōn) or Trabzon Beylerbeyliği was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. Established in 1598, By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters it remained a primarily Christian region into the ...

in 1829.

Governors

* Ishak Pasha, who oversaw the completion of the

Ishak Pasha Palace Ishak Pasha Palace ( tr, İshak Paşa Sarayı) is a semi-ruined palace and administrative complex located in the Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province of eastern Turkey. The Ishak Pasha Palace is an Ottoman-period palace whose constructio ...

OVER 50,000 PEOPLE VISIT ISHAK PASHA PALACE IN EASTERN TURKEY
/ref>

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Eyalet in the 17th century: # Sanjak of Oulti (Oltu) # Sanjak of Harbus # Sanjak of Ardinj (Ardanuç) # Sanjak of Hajrek (Hanak) # Sanjak of Great Ardehan # Sanjak of Postkhu # Sanjak of Mahjil (Macahel) # Sanjak of Ijareh penbek *Hereditary sanjaks: # Sanjak of Purtekrek (Yusufeli) # Sanjak of Lawaneh (Livane/Artvin) # Sanjak of Nusuf Awan # Sanjak of Shushad (Şavşat)

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Childir, Eyalet of Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Anatolia Ottoman period in Georgia (country) History of Adjara History of Ardahan Province History of Artvin Province History of Erzurum Province 1578 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 1845 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire

History

Governors

Administrative divisions

See also

Notes

References