Cherry Sisters

The Cherry Sisters – Addie (1859–1942), Effie (1867–1944), Ella (1854–1934), Lizzie (1857–1936), and Jessie Cherry (1871–1903) – were five sisters from Marion, Iowa who formed a notorious vaudeville touring act in the late 19th century. They were also the plaintiffs in a landmark 1901 legal case heard by the Iowa Supreme Court, ''Cherry v. Des Moines Leader,'' which was instrumental in establishing and confirming the right of the press to fair comment.

The Cherry Sisters' vaudeville act, ''Something Good, Something Sad,'' was infamous for its poor quality and the vehement responses it elicited by audiences, who threw vegetables and disrupted performances. The sisters toured with the act for ten years, during which time they briefly appeared on Broadway. In 1898 they sued two Iowa newspapers for libel after they printed a scathing review of ''Something Good, Something Sad.'' The case eventually went to the Iowa Supreme Court, which ruled in the newspapers' favor and set a precedent for the right to fair comment.

The Cherry Sisters' act dissolved after the sudden death of the youngest member of the group, Jessie. The rest of the sisters went on to other ventures and opened a bakery, but died in modest circumstances.

Early life

The Cherry sisters were the daughters of Thomas and Laura Cherry. The family was composed of eight children: Ella, Elizabeth, Addie, Effie, and Jessie, their brother Nathan, and two additional siblings who died at young ages. Ella, the eldest, was born in the early 1850s in Massachusetts, but the remainder of the children were born in Iowa, and were raised on a farm in Linn County."The Cherry Sisters"
Steven J. Fuller, ''The Palimpsest'', July/August 1979

Vaudeville career

The Cherry Sisters' vaudeville act was formed in the early 1890s, after the death of their parents and the disappearance of their brother Nathan. Originally all five sisters were involved; however, the eldest, Ella, retired from the stage before 1896, leaving her siblings to continue the act as a quartet.
Irwin Chusid, WFMU, 1997

Addie Cherry described the Cherry sisters' work as "concerts,--literary entertainments."
Supreme Court of Iowa. May 28, 1901 Titled ''Something Good, Something Sad,'' their show featured songs, dances, skits, morality plays and essays authored and performed by the sisters. Some of their songs featured new lyrics set to traditional standards; others were completely original compositions. Musical accompaniment was provided for some numbers by Elizabeth and Jessie, who played the piano and bass drum. The material had strong patriotic and religious themes; in one scene, Jessie was suspended from a cross in an imitation of the crucifixion."Sub-mediocre"
''Time,'' March 10, 1930
''New York Times,'' November 17, 1896

The act was received politely by the sisters' neighbors in Marion, but when it went on the road, it received overwhelmingly negative responses from the audiences to which it played. Spectators routinely laughed, heckled, catcalled, booed and threw vegetables at the sisters throughout the entire performance. In several instances the audience violence reached dangerous proportions: in one incident in Dubuque, a fire extinguisher was sprayed directly into one of the sisters' faces, and the show was stopped by the local marshals to prevent further harm. Eventually the sisters performed behind a wire mesh curtain to avoid being struck by projectiles from the audience, although they would later deny that this had ever been necessary.Obituary for Jessie Cherry
''Daily Iowa State Press'' October 6, 1903

In 1896, the Cherry Sisters were brought to Broadway by impresario Willie Hammerstein in an attempt to attract attention to his floundering new venue, the Olympia Music Hall.
His rationale, as given in an interview, was, "I've been putting on the best talent, and it hasn't gone over...I'm going to try the worst." The theory was sound: ''Something Good, Something Sad'' saved Hammerstein from bankruptcy only twelve days after opening on November 16, and ran for six weeks, drawing audiences who were curious to see the act the ''New York Times'' referred to as "Four Freaks from Iowa".

The ''Times,'' in their assessment of the sisters, considered the act "more pitiable than amusing" and noted "...the effects of poverty, ignorance, and isolation are much the same all over the world, and the Cherry sisters exhibited every one of them with a pathetic frankness that left no question as to their status or their character."

The sisters were known for their rigid moral standpoints both on and off-stage. While living in New York during their run at the Olympia, they refused all invitations to parties and claimed that they would not visit Coney Island because they did not want to see women in bathing costumes.

''Cherry v. Des Moines Leader''

The Cherry Sisters' act was met with derision by the local press as well as audiences. In 1930, ''Time'' magazine noted, "In every town that the Cherry sisters played, it was an invariable custom for the editor of the local paper to review their act with a column and a half of humor, satire, parody and biting sarcasm." In January 1893, Fred P. Davis, the city editor of the ''Cedar Rapids Gazette,'' reviewed their performance at Greene's Opera House, noting, "...their knowledge of the stage is worse than none at all." The sisters demanded a retraction, and the ''Gazette'' complied, allowing them to write it themselves. The Cherry sisters did not consider the retraction to be sufficient and accused Davis of libel. The complaint resulted in a light-hearted mock trial onstage at a Cherry sisters performance in March 1893.

In 1898, the ''Odebolt Chronicle'' printed an extremely negative review of the Cherry sisters' act, titled "The Cherries Were Here". Critic and newspaper editor Billy Hamilton's piece described the sisters as being "three creatures surpassing the witches in Macbeth in general hideousness" and continued, "the mouths of their rancid features opened like caverns and sounds like the wailings of damned souls issued therefrom." The article was later reprinted in other newspapers around the state, including the ''Des Moines Leader''."W. E. "Billy" Hamilton and the Cherry Sisters"
''Odebolt Chronicle'', May 1977

In response, the Cherry Sisters sued the ''Chronicle'' and the ''Leader'' for US $15,000, claiming that the unflattering descriptions of their physical appearance presented in the article constituted acts of "false and malicious" libel. The ''Odebolt Chronicle'' kept an ongoing log of the progress of the proceedings, which included a courtroom performance by the sisters, noting on April 27, 1899, "we had lots of fun out of the case".

The Polk County Court decided in the newspapers' favor in 1899, and the sisters appealed to the Iowa Supreme Court. The Court upheld the verdict, stating in their May 28, 1901 decision, "the editor of a newspaper has the right, if not the duty, of publishing, for the information of the public, fair and reasonable comments, however severe in terms, upon anything which is made by its owner a subject of public exhibition, as upon any other matter of public interest; of privileged communications, for which no action will lie without proof of actual malice...Surely, if one makes himself ridiculous in his public performances, he may be ridiculed by those whose duty or right it is to inform the public regarding the character of the performance."

''Cherry v. Des Moines Leader'' is considered to be a landmark decision confirming the right to fair comment and critical analysis in the press and is still frequently held up as a precedent in contemporary court cases.

Retirement and later life

After Jessie died from typhoid in 1903 the sisters retired for a short period. However, Addie and Effie continued to perform until the late 1930s, their final appearances taking place in their home town of Cedar Rapids in April 1938. In 1924 and 1926, Effie ran for mayor of Cedar Rapids on a reform platform, but was defeated both times."Effie Cherry, Last of Famed Sister Act, Dies" ''Chicago Daily Tribune'' August 6, 1944

References in contemporary culture

The Cherry Sisters have been the subject of at least two contemporary theatrical productions: ''Cherry Bomb,'' a comedic musical play produced and performed by 1812 Productions in Philadelphia, and ''Cherry Sisters Revisited,'' a 2006 play by Dan O'Brien."Philadelphia Theatre Initiative Awards $942,000 for the Development and Production of Adventurous Theatre Work"
Pew Charitable Trusts press release, June 6, 2007

They are featured as forerunners of the outsider music genre in Irwin Chusid's book ''Songs in the Key of Z''. They are mentioned in William Goldman's novel ''The Color of Light''. In ''The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet'' (November 4, 1964), Ozzie Nelson refers to the instance of vegetable throwing at the sisters when they performed on stage.

The Cherry Sisters are mentioned in ''Changing Husbands'' (1924), when Leatrice Joy, who wants to become a performer, says she thinks she is so good she can "make Mrs. Fiske look like the Cherry Sisters." The story of the Cherry Sisters is featured as one of the segments in Season 4, Episode 11 of Comedy Central's show '' Drunk History''. The Cherry Sisters are mentioned in Mae West's ''She Done Him Wrong'' (1933), when she visits Sing-Sing Prison to see an old flame. The Cherry Sisters was mentioned in an episode of ''Murdoch Mysteries'', season 8, "The Keystone Constables". An advertisement for the Cherry Sisters is featured as one of the objects explored in Season 7, Episode 22 of ''Mysteries at the Museum''.

References

External links

''Cherry Bomb: The Story of the Awful Cherry Sisters''
by Irwin Chusid
''Billy Hamilton and the Cherry Sisters"
from the Odebolt History Pages

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cherry Sisters
American_temperance_activists
Sibling musical groups
Defamation
Journalism ethics
Lawsuits
Musical groups established in 1893
Musical groups disestablished in 1903
Outsider musicians
Actors from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
People from Marion, Iowa
Tort law
Vaudeville performers
Musicians from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1893 establishments in Iowa