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Cherkasy ( uk, Черка́си, ) is a city in central Ukraine. Cherkasy is the
capital Capital may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** List of national capital cities * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences * Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
of Cherkasy Oblast ( province), as well as the administrative center of Cherkasky Raion ( district) within the oblast. The city has a population of Cherkasy is the cultural, educational and industrial center of Cherkasy Oblast and Central Economical Region of Ukraine. Cherkasy has been known since the 13th century and played a great role in the history of Ukraine. The city was the center of the land of the
Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...
; its citizens took part in Khmelnychchyna and Koliyivschyna (cossacks' and peasants' rebellions). The city is located on the right bank of Dnieper River (specifically at the Kremenchuk Reservoir), about south of the nation's capital, Kyiv. Cherkasy is divided into 2 boroughs (''raions''): Sosnivskiy (with Orshanets village) and Pridniprovskiy. It hosts the administration of Cherkasy urban hromada, one of the
hromada A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...
s of Ukraine. In June 2011, the city celebrated its 725th anniversary.


Environment


Location

Cherkasy is situated on the high right bank of the
Dnipro River } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...
, in the middle of the Kremenchuk Reservoir. Relief of the historical part of the city was influenced by Zamkova (Castle) mountain, where Cherkasy Castle was situated. The major part of Cherkasy occurs as lowlands. The city occupies an area of . The city's length is along the Kremenchuk Reservoir, while its widest point is only . From the north-west, Cherkasy is surrounded by forest. Known as Cherkaskiy Bir, it is the biggest () natural pine forest in Ukraine.


Climate

The climate of Cherkasy is mild continental, with mild winters and warm summers.Клімат Черкас
(підготовлено Вишневським В. І.) н
''www.meteoprog.ua'' (Погода в Україні й світі. Прогноз погоди.)
/ref> The average temperature in the city is . Winters are usually cold and snowy (the average January temperature is ). Summers are dry and warm (the average temperature in July is ), with occasional highs reaching .


Ecology

The ecological situation in the city is quite stable. The cumulative pollution index is 7.56, average with other Ukrainian cities. The main pollutant in the city is "Azot" plant, so the nearby area (south-east part of the city) is the most polluted. The downtown area is heavily polluted as well, due to high traffic volume. The city itself is mostly clean of nuclear pollution from the
Chernobyl disaster The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. It is one of only two nuc ...
, although the northernmost part of Cherkasy may have been influenced a little.


Demographics

According to the newest data, the number of inhabitants of Cherkasy is 284,479 as of 1 October 2015. This number is decreasing because of rising mortality rate, socio-economic situation, and the suburbanisation process in the region. This diagram shows the changes of population in Cherkasy: Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:620 height:330 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:350 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:100 start:150 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:25 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1897 text:1897 bar:1910 text:1910 bar:1926 text:1926 bar:1939 text:1939 bar:1959 text:1959 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1977 text:1977 bar:1979 text:1979 bar:1984 text:1984 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 bar:2015 text:2015 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1897 from:0 till: 29.6 bar:1910 from:0 till: 39.6 bar:1926 from:0 till: 39.5 bar:1939 from:0 till: 51.6 bar:1959 from:0 till: 85 bar:1970 from:0 till: 158 bar:1977 from:0 till: 229 bar:1979 from:0 till: 230 bar:1984 from:0 till: 267 bar:1990 from:0 till: 297 bar:2001 from:0 till: 295.4 bar:2003 from:0 till: 294.1 bar:2005 from:0 till: 293.3 bar:2007 from:0 till: 290.7 bar:2009 from:0 till: 287.7 bar:2010 from:0 till: 285.5 bar:2011 from:0 till: 286.7 bar:2015 from:0 till: 284.5 PlotData= bar:1897 at: 29.6 fontsize:S text: 29.6 shift:(-8,5) bar:1910 at: 39.6 fontsize:S text: 39.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:1926 at: 39.5 fontsize:S text: 39.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:1939 at: 51.6 fontsize:S text: 51.6 shift:(-10,5) bar:1959 at: 85 fontsize:S text: 85 shift:(-10,5) bar:1970 at: 158 fontsize:S text: 158 shift:(-10,5) bar:1977 at: 229 fontsize:S text: 229 shift:(-10,5) bar:1979 at: 230 fontsize:S text: 230 shift:(-10,5) bar:1984 at: 267 fontsize:S text: 267 shift:(-10,5) bar:1990 at: 297 fontsize:S text: 297 shift:(-10,5) bar:2001 at: 295.4 fontsize:S text: 295.4 shift:(-10,5) bar:2003 at: 294.1 fontsize:S text: 294.1 shift:(-10,5) bar:2005 at: 293.3 fontsize:S text: 293.3 shift:(-10,5) bar:2007 at: 290.7 fontsize:S text: 290.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2009 at: 287.7 fontsize:S text: 287.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2010 at: 285.5 fontsize:S text: 285.5 shift:(-10,5) bar:2011 at: 286.7 fontsize:S text: 286.7 shift:(-10,5) bar:2015 at: 284.8 fontsize:S text: 284.5 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text:Thousands of inhabitants. The majority of citizens are Ukrainians, with a large population of Russians and Jews. 46.4% are males, 53.6% are females. According to the data provided by the municipal health care department, teens under 14 encompass 15% of the population while pensioners are 19%, which indicates the prevalence of aging citizens as compared to younger citizens.


History


Early history

The history of Cherkasy has not been thoroughly explored. The year of establishment is considered by historians to be 1286 on the Kyivan Rus territory. There are few facts about the beginning of the city, but it is documented that Cherkasy existed in the 14th century. The first record about Cherkasy dates from 1305 in the '' Gustynskiy Chronicle'', which is the Kyivan Rus chronicle. The city is mentioned as an existing city among other Kyivan Rus cities, including Kyiv, Kaniv,
Zhytomyr Zhytomyr ( uk, Жито́мир, translit=Zhytomyr ; russian: Жито́мир, Zhitomir ; pl, Żytomierz ; yi, זשיטאָמיר, Zhitomir; german: Schytomyr ) is a city in the north of the western half of Ukraine. It is the Capital city, a ...
and Ovruch. The city became one of the centers of the Cossack movement. Citizens took part in the Khmelnychchyna of 1648-1657 and in the Koliyivschyna of 1768–1769. The city was influenced by the cruel social and economical experiments of Soviet authorities and by World War II. In 1954 Cherkasy became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast ( province), the youngest oblast of Ukraine.


Under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

In the 1360s the city entered a new period in its development, becoming a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Cherkasy became an important defender of the southern borders of the Grand Duchy. In 1384 the city was recognized as a fortified town on the southern edge (of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), forming along with Vinnytsia, Bratslav and Kaniv part of a defensive line against Crimean Tatars. The city started to be ruled by a headman (starosta). From the end of the 15th until the beginning of the 16th centuries, the post of was held by the prominent persons of that time – (in office: 1488–1495), (in office: 1494–1500), Vasyl Dashkevych ( uk , Василь Дашкович Глинський , in office: 1504–1507), Andriy Nemyrovych (in office: 1511–1514), Ostafiy Dashkevych (in office: 1514–1535), Vasyl Tyshkevych, Dmytro Baida-Vyshnevetskiy (in office: 1550–1553) etc. During the 15th and 16th centuries Cherkasy was one of the main centers that helped the Cossacks in the peopling of the Ukrainian south. Citizens took part in military campaigns against Tatars and Turks, including operations led by Ivan Pidkova (died 1578). New Cherkasy Castle, built in 1549–52 on the place of the old one, was the center of city life.


Under Polish rule, Khmelnytsky Uprising

After the Union of Lublin in 1569 Cherkasy became a part of Poland. Cherkasy Regiment, which was created in 1625, played a big role in history of the city. During the
Khmelnytsky Uprising The Khmelnytsky Uprising,; in Ukraine known as Khmelʹnychchyna or uk, повстання Богдана Хмельницького; lt, Chmelnickio sukilimas; Belarusian language, Belarusian: Паўстанне Багдана Хмяльніц ...
the regiment became administrative-territorial subdivision (until 1686). During that time Cherkasy's Regiment was one of the most powerful military units and took part in all of the battles for Bohdan Khmelnytsky army. After a successful campaign, Khmelnytsky in 1654 signed an alliance with Muscovy at Pereyaslav. The war ended in 1667 with the Truce of Andrusovo. Cherkasy remained part of Poland, but territories east of the Dnieper River including left-bank Ukraine and Zaporizhia were secured for Muscovy. While in the Polish Kingdom the city was a seat of the county (powiat) which belonged to a greater unit – the Kyiv Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province until 1793. In 1768 during the Koliyivshchyna turmoils the city was severely damaged and pillaged. In 1791 the city gained Magdeburg rights. It was a
royal city Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, a cit ...
of Poland. After the Second Partition of Poland the city was incorporated into the Kyivan Guberniya of
Imperial Russia The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the List of Russian monarchs, Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended th ...
.


19th – early 20th centuries

Since the beginning of the 19th century the city was planned by Russian architect, civil engineer and town planner of Scottish descent, William Heste. After the second division of Poland in 1793, Cherkasy became part of the Russian Empire. From 1797 it was a town of Kyiv Governorate. In the second half of the 19th century the city experienced a great economical growth. After the railroad appeared in the city, a lot of new industrial enterprises were built. Sugar, tobacco, metalwork, mechanical engineering and trade industries were at peak development at that time. Architect William Heste made a general development plan for the city, which involved building square blocks with straight streets.


20th century (Soviet era)

After the October revolution in 1917 Cherkasy fell under Bolshevik control. After that, however, the city changed its ruler at least 18 times – during the civil war it was conquered by hetman
Pavlo Skoropadskyi Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi ( uk, Павло Петрович Скоропадський, Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi; – 26 April 1945) was a Ukrainian aristocrat, military and state leader, decorated Imperial Russian Army and Ukrainian Army ...
, then again by Bolsheviks, later by Nikifor Grigoriev. On 1 January 1920, the city finally and for a long period fell under Soviet rule. As with all villages and towns in the area, it was a victim of man-made famine in 1932–1933 (
Holodomor The Holodomor ( uk, Голодомо́р, Holodomor, ; derived from uk, морити голодом, lit=to kill by starvation, translit=moryty holodom, label=none), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famin ...
) and a Great Purge (a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union organised by Joseph Stalin in 1936–1938). The Second World War damaged the city greatly. On 22 June 1941, German bombers attacked Cherkasy. For two months soldiers defended the city, but on 22 August, the invaders took the city. On 14 December 1943, Cherkasy was liberated from the German invaders. After the end of the war, the city began to recover after being almost obliterated. According to 5-year plans, the city began to re-develop its economy, infrastructure and socio-cultural sphere. In 1954 the city became the administrative center of Cherkasy Oblast (province), the youngest among other oblasts in Ukraine. In the 1960s Cherkasy became the chemical giant of the Ukrainian SSR, after "Azot" (the biggest nitrogen fertilizer producing plant), "Himvolokno" (artificial fiber manufacturing plant), "Himreaktyv" (chemical reagents for military purposes) and many others were built in the city. In 1961 a Kremenchuk hydro power plant was built, forming the Kremenchuk Water Reservoir, which Cherkasy is now standing on. This makes the city a big transport hub, serving the longest
dyke Dyke (UK) or dike (US) may refer to: General uses * Dyke (slang), a slang word meaning "lesbian" * Dike (geology), a subvertical sheet-like intrusion of magma or sediment * Dike (mythology), ''Dikē'', the Greek goddess of moral justice * Dikes, ...
in Ukraine (15 km) with rail and road on it.


Independence from the Soviet Union

Since gaining independence, industry in the city has declined, along with the number of citizens and living standards. A lot of big and powerful factories and plants were privatized but couldn't survive in a competitive market. Some enterprises changed their profile – several (3) factories and plants around the city were united under the "
Bogdan Corporation Bogdan Corporation ( uk, Корпорація «Богдан») is a leading Ukrainian automobile trading and manufacturing group founded by Bogdan Motors. The corporation was famous for its Bogdan public transport brand that used to produce its ...
" and started production of buses and cars. Some of the companies remained working and became successful, like "Azot". On 28 November 2008, the monument of Lenin was removed from the central square. This caused different reactions in different people. Now the central square, formerly called "Lenin Square", is called "Soborna Square" (Cathedral Square). The square was recently renovated. In 2009, Cherkasy airport received International Airport status (
IATA The International Air Transport Association (IATA ) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff ...
: CKC –
ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...
: UKKE). Until 18 July 2020, Cherkasy was designated as a city of oblast significance and belonged to Cherkasy Municipality but not to Cherkasy Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into Cherkasy Raion.


Transportation


Public transportation

Public transportation is represented by trolleybuses and
bus A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...
es. Trolleybuses started serving the city in 1965, and now are operating on 10 routes, from approximately 6 am till 11 pm. The fleet is old, and mostly consists of ZiU-9 and
ZiU-10 ZiU-10 (Zavod imeni Uritskogo, Russian for Uritsky Factory) or ZIU-10 (russian: ЗиУ-10),Murray, Alan (2000). ''World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia'', pp. 75, 114. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. . also referred to as ZIU-683, is a model of trol ...
vehicles. Recently, 3 new trolleybuses (manufactured by LAZ) appeared in the city. Buses are mostly represented with "Etalon", "Bohdan", and "PAZ" buses. Cherkasy City Bus is the authority that controls the buses in the city, it consists of several private contractors which actually operate the transport system. File:Черкаський тролейбус 4.JPG, Cherkasy trolleybus LAZ E183 File:ПАЗ-3206.JPG, PAZ-3206 File:Черкаський міський автобус - Богдан.JPG, Cherkasy-made "Bohdan" bus in the street File:BKM-321 Kremenchuk.jpg, Cherkasy trolleybus ACSM-321


Roads

Cherkasy is a big transport hub due to its location in the center of the country. Two major automobile routes go through the city –  H16  ( Uman- Zolotonosha, national route) and  P10  ( Kaniv- Kremenchuk, regional route). There is a 4-lane highway between Cherkasy and
Smila Smila ( uk, Сміла ) is a city located on Dnieper Upland near the Tyasmyn River, in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Smila urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Climate Climate in the ci ...
(which is a part of Cherkasy Urban Agglomeration). The roads are in poor technical condition and road maintenance is poor.


Railways

The city has a railway station and one railway stop, both are operated by the state-owned Ukrzaliznytsia company. Cherkasy has regular connections to neighbouring cities with small diesel trains. Major route
Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
- Moscow passes through Cherkasy. One of the most important railway junctions in Ukraine, is located from Cherkasy, in the city of
Smila Smila ( uk, Сміла ) is a city located on Dnieper Upland near the Tyasmyn River, in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Smila urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Climate Climate in the ci ...
, where the Kyiv
Dnipro Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...
and Odessa–Moscow rail routes cross.


Air and Water transport

As Cherkasy is located on the bank of Kremenchuk reservoir, it has a small riverport. The previously extensive riverboat service along the Dnieper featuring the
Raketa hydrofoil Raketa (russian: Раке́та, ''Rocket'') was the first type of hydrofoil boats commercially produced in the Soviet Union. They were manufactured from 1957 until the early 1970s. The chief designer was Rostislav Alexeyev and the project 340 ve ...
ships no longer exists, limiting river transport to cargo and tour boats and private pleasure craft. There is also a cargo port located in the city. Cherkasy International Airport is located on the western edge of the city. It handles chartered flights around Ukraine, because Boryspil airport in Kyiv handles most of Ukraine's International flights. In addition, Cherkasy airport is used as the alternative airport for Boryspil in case of unforeseen situations and adverse weather conditions.


Economy

Cherkasy is an important economic center of Ukraine. The city is presented with different industries, but traditionally the greatest development was reached in chemical industry, automotive industry and food industry. Total yield, generated by Cherkasy industries was near UAH 7,894.3 billion that is 64% of total income of Cherkasy Region. Main industry enterprises of Cherkasy: * ''Chemical industry:'' JSC "AZOT" (chemical fertilizers production), plant "Aurora" (paints and varnishes production), LLC "Cherkasy Autochemical Plant". * ''Light industry:'' Silk combine "Cherkasy Silk combine", shoe factory "Laventa", sewing factory, named by Lesia Ukrainka, producer of medical and personal care products of cotton-gauze «Vatfarm» Ltd. * ''Mechanical engineering:'' JSC "CherkasyElevatorMash", 3 plants of "Bogdan" corporation – a car assembling plant ("Hyundai" assembling), a truck assembling plant ("Isuzu" assembling) and a bus construction plant ("Bogdan" assembling), JSC "Temp" (production of food industry equipment), "Photoprylad" (optical parts producing). * ''Food industry:'' distillery LLC "Buasson-Elit" Belvedere Group, corn-processing and milling plant LLC "Altera Azteka Milling Ukraine", milk-processing plant JSC "Iuria", confectionery "Svit Lasoschiv", meat processing plant "ChPK", mechanized bakery LLC "CherkasyKhlib". * ''Timber and furniture industry:'' LLC "Marelli", furniture factories "Romira" and "PM-plus". * ''IT business:'' uCoz, InfoLand, In-Agro, QATestLab, SPD-Ukraine
ChallengeSoft
* ''Internet-providers:'' McLaut, Fregat, Volia-cable, Ukrtelecom.


Education

Nowadays there are different types of educational institutions in Cherkasy – pre-school ( kindergartens), schools, out-of-school and higher educational institutions. These institutions may be both state-owned and private property. Pre-school education is represented with 50 kindergartens around the city. City-owned schools are 21 general schools, 1 night school, and 14 new-type schools – 2 lyceums, 3
gymnasiums A gymnasium, also known as a gym, is an indoor location for athletics. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term " gymnasium". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational ins ...
, collegiate, 8 specialized schools. This include First City Gymnasium, City Gymnasium No. 9 and No. 31, Cherkasy Physical and Mathematical Lyceum, Cherkasy Lyceum of Humanities and Law, Specialized School No. 17 (Associated UNESCO school), Cherkasy Collegiate "Beregynia", Specialized Schools No. 3, #13, No. 18, #20, No. 27, #28 and No. 33. Private schools are "Perlyna", school No. 770, and "Sofia". Out-of-school institutions are Center of Youth Art, Young Sailors Club, Center of Tourism and Sports. There is a number of post-secondary educational institutions: * The Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy * Cherkasy State Technological University * Cherkasy Institute of Bank Affairs
branch of Ukrainian Academy of Bank Affairs of National Bank of Ukraine
* Academy of fire safety of Heroes of Chornobyl
East European University of Economics and Management
(private) * Odessa National Law Academy (branch) There is a number of colleges (both state and private): * Cherkasy Medical College * Cherkasy State Business College * Cherkasy Commercial Technical School * Cherkasy Musical College * Cherkasy Cooperative Economics and Law College Several public libraries are serving the city – Central Library of
Lesia Ukrainka Lesya Ukrainka ( uk, Леся Українка ; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, uk, Лариса Петрівна Косач; – ) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active ...
, City Library for Youth and Children, Central Oblast Library of Taras Shevchenko.


Culture and recreation

Cherkasy is a big cultural center. Several theaters, philharmonic, 3
movie theater A movie theater (American English), cinema (British English), or cinema hall ( Indian English), also known as a movie house, picture house, the movies, the pictures, picture theater, the silver screen, the big screen, or simply theater is a ...
s, numerous museums and clubs are serving the city. The city has 3 indoor skating rinks. People can relax in big parks and gardens around the city, they can also visit city's zoo. Cherkasy is among the cities in Ukraine that have their own
planetarium A planetarium ( planetariums or ''planetaria'') is a theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about astronomy and the night sky, or for training in celestial navigation. A dominant feature of most planetarium ...
.


Museums

The biggest museums of Cherkasy are: *Cherkasy Oblast Local History Museum – the collection of artifacts from the history, nature, culture, and ethnography of Cherkasy Oblast. *" Kobzar" Museum of Taras Shevchenko – the only museum in the world about one book. *Cherkasy Art Museum – big museum where different exhibitions are held throughout the year. *Cherkasy Literary Memorial Museum of Vasyl Symonenko. *Cherkasy Museum of
Vyshyvanka Vyshyvanka ( uk, вишива́нка or ; be, вышыванка, vyšyvánka) is a casual name for the embroidered shirt in Ukrainian and Belarusian national costumes. Ukrainian vyshyvanka is distinguished by local embroidery features spec ...


Theaters and music

There are several theaters in Cherkasy, such as: *Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Academic Drama Theatre of Cherkasy *Cherkasy Academic
Puppet A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or Legendary creature, mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer. The puppeteer uses movements of their hands, arms, or control devices such as rods ...
Theater *Youth Theater "Suchasnyk" The city has its own philharmonic, which was created in 1955. The big cultural center is concert hall "Druzhba Narodiv" (Friendship of Nations), where all major concerts are held. Besides, there are numerous local cultural clubs. The city has 4 modern movie theaters – "Salut" (a very old building, was the first cinema in Cherkasy), "Ukraine", "Dnipro Plaza" and "Lubava".


Recreation

Cherkasy is famous as a ''green city''. The main parks are Park Peremohy (Victory Park) with a zoo, Sobornyi Park (Cathedral Park), Juvileyniy
Park A park is an area of natural, semi-natural or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. Urban parks are urban green space, green spaces set aside for recreation inside t ...
(Jubilee Park), Park Himikiv (Park of Chemists), Dolyna Troiand (Rose Valley), and two children's parks. Traditional places of summer recreation are beaches of
Dnipro River } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...
. The coastline of the city is as long as , and is usually represented with sand beaches. Infrastructure of the beaches is under development right now, although several recreational complexes are already built. On the northern end of the city, in
Cherkasy Forest Cherkasy Forest ( ua, Черка́ський бір; transliterated: ''Čerkas'kyj bir'') is a natural pine forest located on north and north-west ends of the city Cherkasy in central Ukraine. At , it is famous as the biggest natural pine forest on ...
, sanatorium "Ukraine" is situated, along with three-star hotel "Ukraine", and "Kosmos-Bowling" club. There are also several hotels in the city which can accommodate people with different tastes.


Festivals

The city is famous for its sculpture festivals – "Kryzhtal" (held in winter, sculptures are made of ice), "Drevlyandia" (held in summer, sculptures are made of wood, then placed in parks around the city), and "Zhyvyi Kamin" (held in autumn, sculptures are made of stone). Along with the last, "Cherkasy's Singing Nights" are held in the open-air theater in park. Since 2003, Cherkasy hosts international
bike A bicycle, also called a pedal cycle, bike or cycle, is a human-powered or motor-powered assisted, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A is called a cyclist, or bicyclist. ...
festival "Tarasova Gora", which gathers bikers from Ukraine, Russia, and other European countries. This is the biggest festival of this kind held in Ukraine. The city also hosts a music festival (sponsored by Pentax-Richo), that takes the name "Takumar5555", that is the old Pentax brand name, and a play on the city's 55th year of independence.


Mass media

Cherkasy is a big media market, which is served by several local TV stations, newspapers, and numerous radio stations. The city is a home to numerous newspapers, among which are "Antenna", "Molod' Cherkashchyny", "Vechirni Cherkasy", "Akcent", "Nova Doba", "Misto", "Cherkasky Kray" etc. Cherkasy has 5 TV stations – Vikka, Antenna-Plus, Media-Center, Expo-TV, and state-owned Ros'. The city is also covered with nationwide channel broadcasting, like 1+1, Inter, ICTV, STB, TET etc. . City's radio stations are mostly nationwide networks broadcast on local frequencies, although some local stations exist. FM radio stations include KISS FM, Hit FM, Radio Luks, Radio Rocks, Shanson, Ros', Era FM, Love Radio, 101Dalmatin, Dobre Radio.


Sports

Sport life of the city is concentrated in several places, among which are the Central
Stadium A stadium ( : stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand o ...
, Water Sport station, Sport Center "Spartak", "Ukraine"; Sport arena "Budivel'nyk"; "Astra", "Central", "Sokil"
swimming pool A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool, is a structure designed to hold water to enable Human swimming, swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built ...
s; 2 ice rinks. Also, there are sport-entertainment centers, such as "Selena", "Bochka", and "Sportohota" which can usually be found on the bank of the
Dnipro River } The Dnieper () or Dnipro (); , ; . is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and B ...
. Every year more than 200 sport events, contests, competitions, tournaments are held in the city, with total of 10,000 participants. Some contests that were held recently include: *The European Women's Powerlifting Championships in 1998 saw lifters from across Europe. *Ukrainian Aquabike Cup in 2008 hosted bikers from Cherkasy,
Odessa Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrativ ...
, Kyiv, and former
Dnipro Dnipro, previously called Dnipropetrovsk from 1926 until May 2016, is Ukraine's fourth-largest city, with about one million inhabitants. It is located in the eastern part of Ukraine, southeast of the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on the Dnieper Rive ...
petrovsk. It was held in "Bochka" entertainment center. *Kremenchuk Reservoir Cup – yacht contest among cities located on Kremenchuk Reservoir. Hosted 27 teams from
Svitlovodsk Svitlovodsk () is a city in central Ukraine located on the Dnieper River in Oleksandriia Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast. The city hosts the administration of Svitlovodsk urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately . ...
, Kremenchuk, Cherkasy, and Komsomolsk. *Ukrainian
Beach Volleyball Beach volleyball is a team sport played by two teams of two or more players on a sand court divided by a net. Similar to indoor volleyball, the objective of the game is to send the ball over the net and to ground it on the opponent's side of the ...
Championship – was held in 2008 on the courts of "Rybka" complex * Group 2 Euro/Africa Zone matches of 2008
Davis Cup The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. It is run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is contested annually between teams from competing countries in a knock-out format. It is described by the organis ...
were held in Cherkasy, in "Selena" sport complex. Other sport achievements are: *Cherkasy is home to the
soccer Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...
club FC Dnipro Cherkasy *Cherkasy is home to the basketball club BC Cherkasy (a.k.a. the Cherkasy Monkeys). *Cherkasy is home to the volleyball clubs Krug Cherkasy, Zlatogor Zolotonosha Cherkasy (women) and Impexagro Sport Cherkasy (men). They all play in the European tournaments 2008/2009. *Cherkasy is represented within Ukrainian
Bandy Bandy is a winter sport and ball sport played by two teams wearing ice skates on a large ice surface (either indoors or outdoors) while using sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal. The international governing body for bandy is ...
and Rink-bandy Federation.


Architecture and sights

During its whole history Cherkasy was destroyed and rebuilt numerous times. Only few buildings from the 19th century survived. The system of streets and squares in the old part of the city is one of the few monuments to the city-building art of 19th century Ukraine. *Scherbina House (Wedding Palace). It was the most luxurious mansion of prerevolutionary Cherkasy. In Soviet times it was known as the "Palace of Happiness" because it was city's registry office. The house was built by entrepreneur A. Scherbina in 1892. From 1970 to the present day the building is used as the Wedding Palace ( civil registry agency). *The building of former hotel "Slavyanskiy". It was constructed in the late 19th century by means of an entrepreneur Skoryna in a modernist style with elements of pseudo. In Soviet times it was a hotel "Dnepr". Today the building belongs to "Ukrsotsbank". *Tsybulsky House (Museum of Kobzar). This historic building locate in the center of the city was built in the middle of the 19th century. In Soviet times museum of one book – "Kobzar" by Shevchenko – was opened there. *Castle Hill (Hill of Glory). The memorial complex with a monument "Motherland" is located at the top of the former Castle Hill. At this point, ancient Russian fort, remains of Cherkasy fortress and Holy Trinity Church were situated. In 1977 all architectural and archaeological sites were completely destroyed during construction of the monument, although the new Holy Trinity Cathedral was constructed nearby. From the top of the hill a panoramic view opens on the Kremenchuk Reservoir. *Local History Museum. Cherkasy Oblast museum is housed in a modern building, built in 1985 in the historic center of the city near the Hill of Glory (Castle Hill). Thirty halls of the museum offer sections about nature of the region, archeology, ethnography, history of the region in the 14th – early 20th century, modern history from 1917 to the present. In total there are about 12 thousand exhibits. * Puppet Theatre. Cherkasy Regional Academic Puppet Theater is located in the central part of the city, in a building that is an architectural monument of the 19th century. The building is decorated with mosaics with the heroes of fairy tales. *School of Music. The building of Cherkasy Music School of S. Gulak-Artemovsky was built in 1903 as a men's gymnasium. The author of the project was great Kyiv architect of Polish origin V. Gorodetsky. In the second half of the 20th century, after the construction of a modern extension, the building became the home of a music school. File:Готель Скорини «Слов’янський».jpg, Building of the former Slovyanskyi Hotel, now a bank File:Здание ОГА Черкасс.jpg, Administration building File:CherkasyPhilarmonic.jpg, Cherkasy Philharmonic. The building is located in downtown, and was recently renovated File:Б.Вишневецького 37-2.JPG, A building on Vyshnevetskoho street, Cherkasy File:71-101-0034 Cherkasy SAM 8975.jpg, Fire station


Notable people

* Anna Asti (born 1990), a Ukrainian pop singer. *
Tykhin Baybuza Tykhin Baybuza ( uk, Тихін Михайлович Байбуза) was a Registered Cossacks Senior (1597–1598). He was born in Cherkasy to Ukrainian boyar Mykhaylo Baybuza-Hrybunovych and grandson of Ografena Glinsky. During the Cossack r ...
(16th C.) a Registered Cossacks Senior from 1597 to 1598. *
Olga Bielkova Olga Bielkova ( uk, Ольга Валентинівна Бєлькова; born 16 June 1975) is a former Member of the Ukrainian Parliament (Verkhovna Rada) from 2012 until June 2020. Bielkova also served as a Permanent Member of the Ukrainian ...
(born 1975) a former Member of the Ukrainian Parliament from 2012 to 2020 * Timofiy Bilohradsky (ca.1710 - ca.1782) a lutenist, composer and kobzar- bandurist from Ukraine *
Samuel Cashwan Samuel Adolph Cashwan (1900–1988) was an American sculptor. History Born Samual Adolf Cashwan to Jewish parents in Cherkasy, Ukraine, Cashwan's parents left Russia and emigrated to New York City in 1906. Cashwan began his art studies after t ...
(1900–1988) an American sculptor. *
Volodymyr Dashkovsky Colonel Volodymyr Anatolievich Dashkovsky (Ukrainian: Володимир Анатолійович Дашковський) also known as Vladimir Dashkovsky is a Ukrainian military conductor and composer who serves as the Senior Military Director o ...
(born 1965) a Ukrainian military conductor and composer *
Eduard Gudzenko Eduard Gudzenko (1938–2006) was a Ukrainian expressionist artist. He was largely unknown to the general public during his lifetime, due to the unconventional style and subject matter, which diverged from official expectations. Gudzenko was redis ...
(1938–2006) a Ukrainian expressionist artist. * Yuri Ilyenko (1936–2010) film director and screenwriter, directed 12 films between 1965 and 2002. * Irena Karpa (born 1980) a Ukrainian writer, journalist, and singer. * Andriy Khlyvnyuk (born 1979) Ukrainian musician, vocalist and lyricist of the group
BoomBox A boombox is a transistorized portable music player featuring one or two cassette tape recorder/players and AM/FM radio, generally with a carrying handle. Beginning in the mid 1980s, a CD player was often included. Sound is delivered through ...
. * Vitalij Kowaljow (born 1968) a bass opera singer, lives in Switzerland. * Louis Krasner (1903–1995), American classical violinist *
Natalya Lagoda Natalya Lagoda (March 4, 1974 – May 29, 2015) was a Russian–Ukrainian singer, entertainer and model. Early life Born in the city of Cherkasy, Ukraine, Lagoda graduated from a vocational school as a seamstress. She married Eduard Fisak and gave ...
(1974–2015) a Russian–Ukrainian singer, entertainer and model. *
Levi Olan Levi Arthur Olan (March 22, 1903 – October 17, 1984) was an American Reform Jewish rabbi, liberal social activist, author, and professor. Born in Ukraine in 1903, he grew up in Rochester, New York and was ordained at Hebrew Union College in ...
(1903–1984) an American Reform Jewish rabbi, liberal social activist and author. *
Miron Polyakin Miron Borisovich Polyakin (russian: Мирон Борисович Полякин; (February 12, 1895 in Cherkasy - May 21, 1941 in Moscow) was a Russian Empire and Soviet violinist and pedagogue, one of the best known disciples of the famous Leop ...
(1895-1941) Russian and Soviet violinist, disciple of Leopold Auer. * Bert Ramelson (1910–1994), industrial organiser and politician for the CPGB. * Oleksandr Skichko (born 1991) Ukrainian politician, comedian, actor and TV presenter. *
Aleksandr Sokiryansky Aleksandr Sokiryansky ( ro, Alexandru Sochireanschi, russian: Александр Фёдорович Сокирянский) was a Soviet Moldavian composer and musicologist. Biography He was born in on 9 January 1937 Cherkasy, in a Jewish family ...
(1937-2019), Soviet Moldavian composer and musicologist. *
Roman Sushchenko Roman Volodymyrovych Sushchenko (, born 8 February 1969) is a Ukrainian journalist and artist. He was arrested in Russia on spying charges in 2016 and sentenced in 2018; his detention and sentence have been criticized by a number of Ukrainian and ...
(born 1969) a Ukrainian journalist and artist. * Moisei Uritsky (1873–1918) a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia. * Semyon Uritsky (1895–1938) a Soviet General, also fought in the Imperial Russian Army * Lazar Weiner (1897–1982) Imperial Russian-born, American-naturalized composer of Yiddish song. *
Olexiy Yurin Olexiy Yevgenovych Yurin (Ukrainian: Юрін Олексій Євгенович; born 14 April 1982) is a Ukrainian poet, playwright, pedagogue and interpreter. His first book of poetry, ''On yourself'', was published in 2008, and his next book ...
(born 1982) Ukrainian poet, pedagogue and interpreter; he lives in Bulgaria.


Sport

* Nazar Chepurnyi (born 2002), a Ukrainian artistic gymnast. * Valentin Demyanenko (born 1983) former Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani flat-water canoeist. * Artem Dovbyk (born 1997) a footballer with over 120 club caps and 11 for Ukraine * Serhiy Kulish (born 1993) Ukrainian sport shooter, silver medallist at the
2016 Summer Olympics The 2016 Summer Olympics ( pt, Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( pt, Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada) and also known as Rio 2016, was an international multi-sport event held from 5 to 21 August 20 ...
* Illia Kovtun (born 2003), a Ukrainian artistic gymnast *
Sviatoslav Mykhailiuk Sviatoslav "Svi" Yuriyovych Mykhailiuk ( uk, Святосла́в Ю́рійович Михайлю́к, ; born June 10, 1997) is a Ukrainian professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). H ...
(born 1997), a Ukrainian professional basketball player *
Vitaliy Mykolenko Vitalii Serhiyovych Mykolenko ( uk, Віталій Сергійович Миколенко; born 29 May 1999) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Premier League club Everton and the Ukraine national team. Club ...
(born 1999) footballer with Everton, over 100 club caps and 26 for Ukraine *
Ihor Stolovytskyi Ihor Stolovytskyi ( uk, Ігор Михайлович Столовицький; born 29 August 1969) is a former Soviet and Ukrainian footballer and Ukrainian football coach. Career He worked as a manager of FC Cherkaskyi Dnipro and previously pl ...
(born 1969) former Soviet and Ukrainian footballer and coach with 510 club caps. *
Stanislav Sukhina Stanislav Valeryevich Sukhina (russian: Станислав Валерьевич Сухина; born August 16, 1968 in Cherkasy, Ukraine, Soviet Union) is a Russian football official and a former referee and player. As a player, he played in the ...
(born 1968) a Russian football official and former referee and player. * Katerina Zhidkova (born 1989), a Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani volleyball player


Twin towns – sister cities

Cherkasy is
twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...
with: * Vagharshapat, ArmeniaMunicipality of Ejmiatsin
/ref> *
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
, Poland * Fergana, Uzbekistan * Jilin City, China * Kuşadası, Turkey * Madaba, Jordan *
Mazyr District Mazyr Raion, Mazyrski Raion ( be, Мазырскі раён) is an administrative subdivision, a raion of Gomel Region, in Belarus. Districts of Gomel Region {{Belarus-geo-stub ...
, Belarus * Orsha, Belarus *
Petah Tikva Petah Tikva ( he, פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה, , ), also known as ''Em HaMoshavot'' (), is a city in the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv. It was founded in 1878, mainly by Haredi Judaism, Haredi Jews of ...
, Israel * Rustavi, Georgia * Sumqayit, Azerbaijan * Wanzhou District, China * Santa Rosa, California USA


See also

* List of cities in Ukraine


References


External links

*
Official city portalCherkasy guide

Unofficial info portal
* http://www.gorod.ck.ua/
Phone book of Cherkasy


Further reading

* '' The History of Cities and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR – Cherkasy Oblast)'', Vol.24. Kiev, 1972. {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherkasy Cities of regional significance in Ukraine Cherkassky Uyezd Cossack Hetmanate Kiev Voivodeship Populated places on the Dnieper in Ukraine Oblast centers in Ukraine Cities in Cherkasy Oblast 1795 establishments in the Russian Empire