''Cheiracanthium'', commonly called ''yellow sac spiders'', is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of araneomorph spiders in the family

Cheiracanthiidae ''Cheiracanthiidae'' is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Vladimir Wagner in 1887. The synonym Eutichuridae was used for a long time, but Cheiracanthiidae has priority. The largest genus currently recognized as belonging to this ...

, and was first described by

Carl Ludwig Koch Carl Ludwig Koch (21 September 1778 – 23 August 1857) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was responsible for classifying a great number of spiders, including the Brazilian whiteknee tarantula and common house spider. He was bo ...

in 1839. They are usually pale in colour, and have an

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. ...

that can range from yellow to beige. Both sexes range in size from . They are unique among common house spiders because their tarsi do not point either outward, like members of ''

Tegenaria ''Tegenaria'' is a genus of fast-running funnel weavers that occupy much of the Northern Hemisphere except for Japan and Indonesia. It was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, though many of its species have been moved elsewhere. ...

'', or inward, like members of ''

Araneus ''Araneus'' is a genus of common orb-weaving spiders. It includes about 650 species, among which are the European garden spider and the barn spider. The genus was erected by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1757. Description Spiders of this genus prese ...

''), making them easier to identify. The name is a reference to the backwardly directed process on the cymbium of the male palp. The species epithet is derived from the Greek grc, χείρ, cheir, meaning "hand", and '' Acanthium'', a genus of thorny-stemmed plants.

Venom

Though they are beneficial predators in agricultural fields, they are also known to be mildly venomous to humans. Painful bites may be incurred from species such as '' C. punctorium'' in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

, '' C. mildei'' in Europe and

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

, '' C. inclusum'' in the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, ''C. lawrencei'' in

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

and ''C. japonicum'' in

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

. ''Cheiracanthium'' venom is purportedly necrotic, and can cause

pain Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, ...

, swelling, and

lesion A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma. ''Lesion'' is derived from the Latin "injury". Lesions may occur in plants as well as animals. Types There is no designated classifi ...

s in humans, but the necrotic nature and severity of its bite has been disputed. A study of twenty confirmed ''Cheiracanthium'' bites in the United States and Australia found that none resulted in necrosis. A theory that these spiders were attracted to the smell of gasoline was involved in a series of consumer vehicle callbacks in which spiderwebs had blocked fuel lines, but it has since been disproven by a study which found that the spiders simply found hoses inside of the vehicles to be optimal nesting places. https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/handle/1805/10451

Species

''Cheiracanthium'' is primarily an

Old World The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by the ...

genus, with many species found from northern

, from

Southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost subregion of the African continent, south of the Congo and Tanzania. The physical location is the large part of Africa to the south of the extensive Congo River basin. Southern Africa is home to a number of ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. The only known species in the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

are ''C. inclusum'' and ''C. mildei''. While the former also occurs in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

, the latter is found in the

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region ...

region and

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. They can also be found in the lower mainland of

British Columbia British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. It has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that include rocky coastlines, sandy beaches, ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

. The genus is quite diverse in

and at least three or four species are known to occur in

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

ian

cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ...

fields alone. it contains 214 species, found in the Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe, Central America, Africa, Asia, North America, and on

Saint Helena Saint Helena () is a British overseas territory located in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote volcanic tropical island west of the coast of south-western Africa, and east of Rio de Janeiro in South America. It is one of three constitu ...

: *'' C. abbreviatum'' Simon, 1878 –

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

*'' C. aculeatum'' Simon, 1884 –

*'' C. aden'' Lotz, 2007 –

Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, north and ...

*'' C. adjacens''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1885 –

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

(

Yarkand Yarkant County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also Shache County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also transliterated from Uyghur as Yakan County, is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous ...

Karakorum Karakorum (Khalkha Mongolian: Хархорум, ''Kharkhorum''; Mongolian Script:, ''Qaraqorum''; ) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260 and of the Northern Yuan dynasty in the 14–15th centuries. Its ruins lie in the ...

*'' C. africanum'' Lessert, 1921 – Africa,

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

*'' C. aizwalense'' Biswas & Biswas, 2007 –

*'' C. aladanense'' Lotz, 2007 – Yemen *'' C. albidulum'' ( Blackwall, 1859) – Madeira *'' C. algarvense'' Wunderlich, 2012 –

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

*'' C. ambrense'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. ampijoroa'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. andamanense'' (Tikader, 1977) - India *'' C. andranomay'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. angolense'' Lotz, 2007 –

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (), officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the south-west, Zambia to the north, and Mozam ...

*'' C. angulitarse'' Simon, 1878 – Spain, France (

Corsica Corsica ( , Upper , Southern ; it, Corsica; ; french: Corse ; lij, Còrsega; sc, Còssiga) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of ...

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

*'' C. anjozorobe'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. annulipes'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Spain,

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

*'' C. antungense'' Chen & Huang, 2012 –

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...

*'' C. apia'' Platnick, 1998 –

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

*'' C. approximatum'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – China (Yarkand) *'' C. ashleyi'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. auenati'' Caporiacco, 1936 –

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...

*'' C. auriculatum'' Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2018 – China *'' C. bantaengi'' Merian, 1911 –

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

(

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

) *'' C. barbarum'' (Lucas, 1846) –

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

*'' C. boendense'' Lotz, 2015 –

Congo Congo or The Congo may refer to either of two countries that border the Congo River in central Africa: * Democratic Republic of the Congo, the larger country to the southeast, capital Kinshasa, formerly known as Zaire, sometimes referred to a ...

*'' C. brevidens'' Kroneberg, 1875 – Central Asia *'' C. brevispinum'' Song, Feng & Shang, 1982 – China,

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

*'' C. buri'' Esyunin & Efimik, 202 - Russia *'' C. campestre'' Lohmander, 1944 –

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

, Denmark, Central

, Romania, Ukraine, Russia (

) *'' C. canariense'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, Egypt *'' C. catindigae'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 –

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

*'' C. caudatum'' ( Thorell, 1887) –

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

*'' C. chayuense'' Li & Zhang, 2019 - China *'' C. conflexum'' Simon, 1906 – India *'' C. conspersum'' (Thorell, 1891) – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' C. crucigerum'' Rainbow, 1920 –

(Norfolk Is.) *'' C. danieli'' Tikader, 1975 – India *'' C. daofeng'' Yu & Li, 2020 - China *'' C. daquilium'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Indonesia, Philippines *'' C. debile'' Simon, 1890 –

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

, Yemen *'' C. denisi'' Caporiacco, 1939 –

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

, Congo *'' C. dippenaarae'' Lotz, 2007 – South Africa *'' C. duanbi'' Yu & Li, 2020 - China *'' C. echinulatum'' Zhang, Zhang & Yu, 2018 – China *'' C. effossum'' Herman, 1879 – Central to eastern Europe *''

C. elegans ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' () is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments. It is the type species of its genus. The name is a blend of the Greek ''caeno-'' (recent), ''rhabditis'' (r ...

'' Thorell, 1875 – Europe, Turkey,

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

, Russia (Europe to south Siberia),

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

, Central Asia *'' C. equestre'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – Libya, Egypt *'' C. erraticum'' ( Walckenaer, 1802) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East),

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

, Central Asia, China, Korea,

*'' C. escaladae'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' C. eutittha'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Taiwan, Japan, Korea? *'' C. exilipes'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria *'' C. exquestitum'' Zhang & Zhu, 1993 – China *'' C. falcatum'' Chen, Huang, Chen & Wang, 2006 – Taiwan *'' C. falcis'' Lotz, 2015 –

Gabon Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north ...

*'' C. festae'' Pavesi, 1895 – Israel *'' C. fibrosum'' Zhang, Hu & Zhu, 1994 – China *'' C. filiapophysium'' Chen & Huang, 2012 – Taiwan *'' C. fisheri'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. floresense'' Wunderlich, 2008 –

Azores ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

*'' C. foordi'' Lotz, 2015 – South Africa *'' C. foulpointense'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. fujianense'' Gong, 1983 – China *'' C. fulvotestaceum'' Simon, 1878 – France *'' C. furax'' L. Koch, 1873 – Samoa *'' C. furculatum'' Karsch, 1879 – Cape Verde Is., Africa, Madagascar,

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

*'' C. ghanaense'' Lotz, 2015 –

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...

*'' C. gobi''

Schmidt Schmidt may refer to: * Schmidt (surname), including list of people with the surname * Schmidt (singer) (born 1990), German pop and jazz singer * Schmidt (lunar crater), a small lunar impact crater * Schmidt (Martian crater), a List of craters on ...

& Barensteiner, 2000 – China *'' C. gou'' Yu & Li, 2020 - China *'' C. gracile'' L. Koch, 1873 – Australia (

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

) *'' C. gratum'' Kulczyński, 1897 –

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

, Hungary *'' C. griswoldi'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. halophilum'' Schmidt & Piepho, 1994 – Cape Verde Is. *'' C. haroniense'' Lotz, 2007 – Zimbabwe *'' C. himalayense'' Gravely, 1931 – India *'' C. hypocyrtum'' Zhang & Zhu, 1993 – China *'' C. ienisteai'' Sterghiu, 1985 – Romania,

Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares ...

*'' C. ilicis'' Morano & Bonal, 2016 – Spain *'' C. impressum'' Thorell, 1881 – Australia (Queensland) *'' C. incertum'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

*'' C. inclusum'' ( Hentz, 1847) –

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

, South America. Introduced to Réunion *'' C. incomptum'' (Thorell, 1891) – India (Nicobar Is.) *'' C. indicum'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – India, Sri Lanka *'' C. inflatum'' Wang & Zhang, 2013 – China *'' C. inornatum'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – India *'' C. insigne'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – India, Sri Lanka,

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

, Myanmar,

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

, China *'' C. insulare'' L. Koch, 1866 – Samoa *'' C. insulare'' (Vinson, 1863) – Madagascar, Réunion *'' C. iranicum'' Esyunin & Zamani, 2020 - Iran *'' C. isiacum'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – Libya, Egypt *'' C. itakeum'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. jabalpurense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India *'' C. japonicum'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Japan *'' C. jocquei'' Lotz, 2014 – Comoros, Madagascar *'' C. joculare'' Simon, 1910 –

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

*'' C. jorgeense'' Wunderlich, 2008 – Azores *'' C. jovium'' Denis, 1947 – Egypt *'' C. kabalense'' Lotz, 2015 –

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

*'' C. kakamega'' Lotz, 2015 –

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

*'' C. kakumense'' Lotz, 2015 – Ivory Coast, Ghana, Congo *'' C. kashmirense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India *'' C. kazachstanicum'' Ponomarev, 2007 – Kazakhstan *'' C. kenyaense'' Lotz, 2007 – Africa *'' C. kibonotense'' Lessert, 1921 – Ethiopia, Congo, Kenya,

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

, Uganda *'' C. klabati'' Merian, 1911 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' C. knipperi'' Lotz, 2011 – Tanzania *'' C. kupense'' Lotz, 2007 –

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

*'' C. lascivum'' Karsch, 1879 – Russia (

Sakhalin Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, r=Sakhalín, p=səxɐˈlʲin; ja, 樺太 ''Karafuto''; zh, c=, p=Kùyèdǎo, s=库页岛, t=庫頁島; Manchu: ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ, ''Sahaliyan''; Orok: Бугата на̄, ''Bugata nā''; Nivkh: ...

), China, Korea, Japan *'' C. leucophaeum'' Simon, 1897 – Madagascar *'' C. ligawsolanum'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. liplikeum'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' C. liuyangense'' Xie, Yin, Yan & Kim, 1996 – China *'' C. longimanum'' L. Koch, 1873 – Australia (Queensland),

Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...

Fiji Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...

Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no ...

New Caledonia ) , anthem = "" , image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of New Caledonia , map_caption = Location of New Caledonia , mapsize = 290px , subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...

*'' C. longipes'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

) *'' C. ludovici'' Lessert, 1921 – Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Madagascar *'' C. lukiense'' Lotz, 2015 – Congo *'' C. macedonicum'' Drensky, 1921 – Italy,

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

Slovakia Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...

, Hungary, Romania, Macedonia,

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

*'' C. madagascarense'' Lotz, 2014 – Comoros, Madagascar *'' C. mahajanga'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. malkini'' Lotz, 2007 –

Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...

*'' C. mangiferae'' Workman, 1896 –

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

, Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' C. maraisi'' Lotz, 2007 –

Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and ea ...

Botswana Botswana (, ), officially the Republic of Botswana ( tn, Lefatshe la Botswana, label=Setswana, ), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahar ...

*'' C. margaritae'' Sterghiu, 1985 – Romania *'' C. mayombense'' Lotz, 2015 – Congo *'' C. melanostomum'' (Thorell, 1895) – India,

Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...

, Myanmar *'' C. mertoni'' Strand, 1911 – Indonesia (Aru Is.) *'' C. mildei'' L. Koch, 1864 – Europe,

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

Europe,

, Turkey, Middle East, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia. Introduced to North America,

*'' C. minahassae'' Merian, 1911 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' C. minshullae'' Lotz, 2007 – Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa *'' C. molle'' L. Koch, 1875 – Africa,

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the A ...

*'' C. mondrainense''

Main Main may refer to: Geography * Main River (disambiguation) **Most commonly the Main (river) in Germany * Main, Iran, a village in Fars Province *"Spanish Main", the Caribbean coasts of mainland Spanish territories in the 16th and 17th centuries ...

, 1954 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' C. mongolicum'' Schenkel, 1963 –

Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, ...

*'' C. montanum'' L. Koch, 1877 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Iran *'' C. murinum'' (Thorell, 1895) – India, Myanmar *'' C. mysorense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India, Bangladesh *'' C. nalsaroverense'' Patel & Patel, 1973 – India *'' C. nervosum'' Simon, 1909 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' C. nickeli'' Lotz, 2011 –

Mauritania Mauritania (; ar, موريتانيا, ', french: Mauritanie; Berber: ''Agawej'' or ''Cengit''; Pulaar: ''Moritani''; Wolof: ''Gànnaar''; Soninke:), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania ( ar, الجمهورية الإسلامية ...

*'' C. ningmingense'' Zhang & Yin, 1999 – China *'' C. occidentale'' L. Koch, 1882 – Spain (Minorca), Italy *'' C. olliforme'' Zhang & Zhu, 1993 – China *'' C. oncognathum'' Thorell, 1871 – Europe *'' C. pallidum'' Rainbow, 1920 – Australia (Lord Howe Is.) *'' C. pauriense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India *'' C. pelasgicum'' (C. L. Koch, 1837) – Southern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Tajikistan *'' C. pennatum'' Simon, 1878 –

Southern Europe Southern Europe is the southern regions of Europe, region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is essentially marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of Southern Europe include some or all of these countrie ...

, Romania *'' C. pennuliferum'' Simon, 1909 – Australia (Western Australia) *'' C. pennyi'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to south Siberia), Iran, Central Asia, China *'' C. peregrinum'' Thorell, 1899 – Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon *'' C. pichoni'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' C. poonaense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India *'' C. potanini'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' C. punctipedellum'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Congo,

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

, Kenya *'' C. punctorium'' (Villers, 1789) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to south Siberia), Iran, Central Asia *'' C. punjabense'' Sadana & Bajaj, 1980 – India *'' C. ransoni'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. rehobothense'' Strand, 1915 – Israel *'' C. rothi'' Lotz, 2014 – Madagascar *'' C. ruandana'' (Strand, 1916) - Rwanda *'' C. rupicola'' (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar, China, Indonesia *'' C. russellsmithi'' Lotz, 2007 – Ethiopia *'' C. rwandense'' Lotz, 2011 – Rwanda *'' C. saccharanalis'' Mukhtar, 2015 –

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

*'' C. sadanai'' Tikader, 1976 -

*'' C. sakoemicum'' Roewer, 1938 – New Guinea *'' C. salsicola'' Simon, 1932 – France *'' C. sambii'' Patel & Reddy, 1991 – India *'' C. sansibaricum'' Strand, 1907 – Ivory Coast to Zanzibar *'' C. saraswatii'' Tikader, 1962 – India *'' C. schenkeli'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa *'' C. seidlitzi'' L. Koch, 1864 – Mediterranean to Central Asia *'' C. seshii'' Patel & Reddy, 1991 – India *'' C. shilabira'' Lotz, 2015 – Congo, Kenya *'' C. shiluvanense'' Lotz, 2007 – South Africa *'' C. sikkimense'' Majumder & Tikader, 1991 – India, Bangladesh *'' C. silaceum'' Rainbow, 1897 – Australia (New South Wales) *'' C. simaoense'' Zhang & Yin, 1999 – China *'' C. simplex'' Thorell, 1899 – Cameroon, Nigeria *'' C. siwi'' El-Hennawy, 2001 – Egypt *'' C. solidum'' Zhang, Zhu & Hu, 1993 – China *'' C. soputani'' Merian, 1911 – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' C. spectabile'' (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar *'' C. sphaericum'' Zhang, Zhu & Hu, 1993 – China *'' C. stratioticum'' L. Koch, 1873 –

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

, Australia (

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

) *'' C. streblowi'' L. Koch, 1879 – Russia (Middle and south Siberia) *'' C. striolatum'' Simon, 1878 – Western Mediterranean *'' C. subinsulanum'' Li & Zhang, 2019 - China *'' C. taegense'' Paik, 1990 – China, Korea, Japan *'' C. tagorei'' Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2003 – Bangladesh *'' C. taiwanicum'' Chen, Huang, Chen & Wang, 2006 – China, Taiwan *'' C. tanmoyi'' Biswas & Roy, 2005 – India *'' C. tanzanense'' Lotz, 2015 – Tanzania *'' C. taprobanense'' Strand, 1907 – Sri Lanka *'' C. tenue'' L. Koch, 1873 – Australia (Queensland) *'' C. tetragnathoide'' Caporiacco, 1949 – Kenya *'' C. torricellianum'' Strand, 1911 – New Guinea *'' C. torsivum'' Chen & Huang, 2012 – Taiwan *'' C. triviale'' (Thorell, 1895) – India, Myanmar *'' C. trivittatum'' Simon, 1906 – India *'' C. truncatum'' (Thorell, 1895) – Myanmar *'' C. turanicum'' Kroneberg, 1875 –

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou ...

Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...

*'' C. turiae'' Strand, 1917 – Thailand to Australia (Queensland) *'' C. uncinatum'' Paik, 1985 – China, Korea *'' C. unicum'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – Korea, Japan, China, Laos *'' C. vankhedei'' Marusik & Fomichev, 2016 – Mongolia *'' C. vansoni'' Lawrence, 1936 – Southern Africa *'' C. verdense'' Lotz, 2011 – Cape Verde Is. *'' C. virescens'' (

Sundevall Carl Jakob Sundevall (22 October 1801, Högestad – 2 February 1875) was a Swedish zoologist. Sundevall studied at Lund University, where he became a Ph.D. in 1823. After traveling to East Asia, he studied medicine, graduating as Doctor of Med ...

, 1833) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, China *'' C. vorax'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874 – India *'' C. warsai'' Mukhtar, 2015 – Pakistan *'' C. wiehlei'' Chrysanthus, 1967 – New Guinea *'' C. wilma'' (Benoit, 1977) – St. Helena *'' C. wuquan'' Yu & Li, 2020 - China *'' C. zebrinum'' Savelyeva, 1972 – Russia (south Siberia), Kazakhstan *'' C. zhejiangense'' Hu & Song, 1982 – China, Korea

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q1245731 Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Koch

Venom

Species

See also

References

Further reading

External links