''Rhinella crucifer'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It endemic to Brazil and known from the

Atlantic Forest The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and th ...

of eastern Brazil between the states of

Ceará Ceará (, pronounced locally as or ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast. It is the eighth-largest Brazilian State by population and the 17th by area. It is also one of the ...

in the north and Rio de Janeiro in the south. Common name striped toad has been coined for it. "''

Rhinella pombali ''Rhinella pombali'' is a hybrid species of toad from south-eastern Brazil, named after José Perez Pombal Jr., a Brazilian herpetologist. It was originally described in 2004 as a distinct species, but a genetic study published in 2012 found it ...

''" is a

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

between ''

Rhinella ornata ''Rhinella ornata'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae that is found in Brazil and possibly Argentina. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, and intermittent freshwater lakes. It is threatened b ...

'' and this species.

Description

Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The head is wide and the snout is rounded to mucronate in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view. The tympanum is distinct. The body is robust. The parotoid glands are elliptical to triangular and overhanging the lateral edges of body. The forelimbs are long and comparatively more robust than the hind limbs. The fingers have no webbing but are slightly fringed. The toes are long and webbed. Dorsal coloration is uniformly ochre, olive, brownish, or silvery. A thin, light vertebral line may be present.

Habitat and conservation

This species occurs in rainforests and disturbed habitats at elevations up to

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

. Reproduction takes place in backwaters of rapidly flowing streams and in temporary pools. It is a locally abundant species, but habitat loss caused by agricultural crops and timber extraction threaten its habitats. It is present in several protected areas.

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q27920422 crucifer Amphibians of Brazil Endemic fauna of Brazil Taxa named by Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied Amphibians described in 1821 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot